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E-raamat: Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Radio Spectrum

  • Formaat: 247 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Sep-2015
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309373081
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  • Formaat: 247 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Sep-2015
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309373081
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Active remote sensing is the principal tool used to study and to predict short- and long-term changes in the environment of Earth - the atmosphere, the oceans and the land surfaces - as well as the near space environment of Earth. All of these measurements are essential to understanding terrestrial weather, climate change, space weather hazards, and threats from asteroids. Active remote sensing measurements are of inestimable benefit to society, as we pursue the development of a technological civilization that is economically viable, and seek to maintain the quality of our life.



A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Spectrum describes the threats, both current and future, to the effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum required for active remote sensing. This report offers specific recommendations for protecting and making effective use of the spectrum required for active remote sensing.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Active Earth Remote Sensing for Atmospheric Applications 3 Active Earth Remote Sensing for Ocean Applications 4 Active Earth Remote Sensing for Land Surface Applications 5 Active Earth Remote Sensing for Space Physics 6 Planetary Radar Astronomy 7 Spectrum Access: Allocation Policies and the Assignment Process 8 Radio-Frequency Interference Issues for Active Sensing Instruments 9 Technology and the Opportunities for Interference Mitigation Appendixes Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Committee Meeting and Workshop Agendas Appendix C: Summary of the Radio-Frequency Interference Workshop Appendix D: Acronyms
Summary 1(9)
1 Introduction
10(14)
Active Sensing Scenarios
10(1)
The Radio Spectrum
11(4)
Scientific Applications and Societal Benefits
15(1)
Frequency Allocations
16(6)
Radio-Frequency Interference and Mitigation Opportunities
22(2)
2 Active Earth Remote Sensing For Atmospheric Applications
24(30)
Introduction
24(3)
Layers of the Atmosphere and Scientific Applications
27(4)
Atmospheric Scattering/Reflection Mechanisms
31(4)
Ground-Based Radar Systems Used to Observe the Atmosphere
35(9)
Satellite-Based Radar Systems Used to Observe the Atmosphere
44(3)
Spectrum Usage Requirements for Satellite-Based Sensing
47(3)
Economic and Societal Value
50(1)
Findings and Recommendations
51(3)
3 Active Earth Remote Sensing For Ocean Applications
54(23)
Introduction
54(1)
History of Active Remote Sensing for Ocean Applications
55(3)
Technical Basis for Airborne/Spaceborne Active Earth Remote Sensing of Oceans
58(13)
Ground-Based HF Radars
71(3)
Radio Spectrum Issues
74(1)
Findings and Recommendations
75(2)
4 Active Earth Remote Sensing For Land Surface Applications
77(26)
Introduction
77(3)
Science and Applications of Active Microwave Remote Sensing of Earth's Surface
80(19)
Spectrum Issues for Microwave Remote Sensing of the Land Surface
99(2)
Findings and Recommendations
101(2)
5 Active Remote Sensing For Space Physics
103(19)
Introduction
103(3)
Scientific and Other Applications
106(9)
Spectrum Usage
115(5)
Radio Spectrum Issues
120(1)
Findings and Recommendations
120(2)
6 Planetary Radar Astronomy
122(25)
Introduction
122(1)
Current Radar Astronomy Systems
123(1)
Techniques
124(3)
Science Applications
127(14)
Future Science Drivers and Technical Requirements
141(4)
Frequency Assignment Requirements
145(1)
Findings and Recommendation
146(1)
7 Spectrum Access: Allocation Policies And The Assignment Process
147(14)
Introduction
147(1)
Radio Spectrum Policies
148(2)
Spectrum Allocation and Assignment
150(7)
Spectrum Allocation Issues for CubeSats
157(1)
Estimating the Value of Active Sensing
157(1)
Decadal Surveys of Scientific Fields
158(1)
Findings and Recommendations
159(2)
8 Radio-Frequency Interference Issues For Active Sensing Instruments
161(28)
Introduction
161(1)
Radio-Frequency Interference
162(2)
RFI Mitigation
164(2)
Science Sensor Transmit Restrictions
166(1)
Current Spectrum Issues by Frequency Band
167(19)
Findings and Recommendations
186(3)
9 Technology And The Opportunities For Interference Mitigation
189(20)
Introduction
189(1)
Unilateral Techniques and Strategies
190(3)
Sharing Techniques and Strategies
193(9)
Best Opportunities for Sharing
202(1)
Limitations of Mitigation Techniques and Strategies
203(2)
Findings and Recommendations
205(4)
APPENDIXES
A Statement of Task
209(2)
B Committee Meeting and Workshop Agendas
211(7)
C Summary of the Radio-Frequency Interference Workshop
218(12)
D Acronyms
230