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E-raamat: Study into the Design of Steerable Microphone Arrays

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Study into the Design of Steerable Microphone ArraysSuurem pilt
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The book covers the design formulations for broadband beamformer targeting nearfield and farfield sources. The book content includes background information on the acoustic environment, including propagation medium, the array geometries, signal models and basic beamformer designs. Subsequently it introduces design formulation for nearfield, farfield and mixed nearfield-farfield beamformers and extends the design formulation into electronically steerable beamformers. In addition, a robust formulation is introduced for all the designs mentioned.

1 Introduction
1(1)
1.1 Beamforming
1(1)
1.2 Practical Applications
2(1)
1.3
Chapter Organisation
3(4)
References
4(3)
2 Acoustic Environment, Source Models and Sensor Arrays Theory
7(20)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Environment and Channel Modelling
8(2)
2.3 Source Models
10(5)
2.3.1 Distributed and Point Source
10(1)
2.3.2 Nearfield and Farfield Source
11(4)
2.4 Sensor Arrays Theory
15(4)
2.4.1 Spatial Aliasing
15(4)
2.4.2 Array Geometry
19(1)
2.5 Spiral Arm Array Geometry
19(6)
2.5.1 Ring Radii
21(2)
2.5.2 Twist Angle
23(2)
2.6 Conclusions
25(2)
References
25(2)
3 Broadband Beamformer Design
27(26)
3.1 Introduction
27(1)
3.2 Beamformer Structure
28(5)
3.2.1 Weight-and-Sum Beamformer
28(3)
3.2.2 Filter-and-Sum Beamformer
31(2)
3.3 Design Formulation
33(5)
3.3.1 Weighted LS Formulation
33(3)
3.3.2 Weighted TLS Formulation
36(2)
3.4 Mixed Nearfield-Farfield Design Formulation
38(1)
3.5 Performance Metrics
39(1)
3.6 Design Examples and Evaluation
40(10)
3.7 Conclusions
50(3)
References
50(3)
4 Steerable Broadband Beamformer Design
53(24)
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Beamformer Structure
54(3)
4.3 Design Formulations
57(4)
4.3.1 Weighted LS Formulation
57(3)
4.3.2 Weighted TLS Formulation
60(1)
4.4 Mixed Nearfield-Farfield Design Formulation
61(1)
4.5 Steering Function
62(3)
4.5.1 Steering Range
62(2)
4.5.2 Normalisation of Steering Function
64(1)
4.6 Performance Metrics
65(1)
4.7 Design Examples and Evaluation
65(11)
4.8 Conclusions
76(1)
References
76(1)
5 Robust Formulation
77(26)
5.1 Introduction
77(2)
5.2 Conventional White Noise Gain Constraint
79(1)
5.3 Stochastic Error Model
80(5)
5.3.1 Multiplicative Error
80(3)
5.3.2 Additive Error
83(2)
5.3.3 Multiplicative and Additive Error
85(1)
5.4 Robust Formulation Using Stochastic Error Model
85(2)
5.4.1 Weighted LS Formulation
85(1)
5.4.2 Weighted TLS Formulation
86(1)
5.5 Performance Metrics
87(1)
5.6 Design Examples and Evaluation
87(10)
5.6.1 Design Specifications
87(1)
5.6.2 Array Gain and Sensitivity
88(1)
5.6.3 Perturbation in Sensor Characteristics
89(2)
5.6.4 Perturbation in Sensor Positions
91(4)
5.6.5 Perturbation Due to Local Scattering
95(2)
5.7 Conclusions
97(6)
References
100(3)
6 Conclusions and Future Work
103(4)
6.1 Summary
103(1)
6.2 Future Work
104(2)
6.3 Final Remarks
106(1)
References
106(1)
Appendix A Closed Form Integration for Fixed Beamformer Design 107(4)
Appendix B Closed Form Integrations for Steerable Beamformer Design 111
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