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E-raamat: Subterranean Rodents: News from Underground

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jun-2007
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783540692768
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jun-2007
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783540692768
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Across the globe, about 250 species of rodents spend most of their lives in safe and stable, but dark, oxygen-poor and carbon dioxide-rich burrows, deprived of most of the sensory cues available aboveground. They have become fully specialized for a unique way of life in which foraging and breeding take place underground. The systematic research into adaptations of subterranean dwellers is only about two decades old, but it has rapidly intensified within the last few years, bringing insight into many aspects of the biology and evolution at different organization levels.Subterranean Rodents presents achievements from the last years of research on these rodents, divided into five sections: ecophysiology; sensory ecology; life histories, behavioural ecology and demography; environmental and economical impact; molecular ecology and evolution. It is a must for all researchers working in this field and will be of interest to zoologists, physiologists, morphologists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists.

Subterranean Rodents presents achievements from recent years of research on these rodents, divided into five sections: ecophysiology; sensory ecology; life histories, behavioural ecology and demography; environmental and economical impact; molecular ecology and evolution. It is a must for all researchers working in this field and will be of interest to zoologists, physiologists, morphologists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists.

Arvustused

From the reviews:

This book is the result of a symposium entitled Light from the underground: Challenges and insights in the third decade of research on subterranean rodents, held during the International Mammalogical Congress IX in Sapporo . provides a set of important tidbits, factoids, pieces of general information, and current hypotheses relevant to the topic at hand. Given the broad nature of topics included, the book is a one-stop shopping place for a plethora of knowledge concerning the biology of subterranean rodents.­­­ (Robert D. Bradley, Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Vol. 17, March, 2010)

Introduction
Subterranean Rodents: News from Underground
3(10)
Sabine Begall
Hynek Burda
Cristian E. Schleich
References
9(4)
Part I Ecophysiology
Adaptive Physiological Mechanisms in the Underground Dwellers
13(8)
Frantisek Sedlacek
Energy and Material Fluxes
14(2)
Neural and Hormonal Regulation
16(5)
References
17(4)
Microclimate in Burrows of Subterranean Rodents - Revisited
21(14)
Hynek Burda
Radim Sumbera
Sabine Begall
Introduction
21(1)
Microenvironmental Parameters
22(8)
Temperature
22(5)
Humidity
27(1)
Ventilation in Subterranean Burrows
27(1)
Burrow Atmosphere
28(2)
Further Perspectives
30(5)
References
31(4)
New Data on Metabolic Parameters in Subterranean Rodents
35(14)
Frantisek Sedlacek
Introduction
35(1)
Variation of Basal Metabolic Rate on Interspecific Level
36(5)
Resting Metabolic Rates
36(2)
Energetic Expenditure During Digging
38(1)
Endothermy and Poikilothermy in the Naked Mole-rat
39(2)
Variation of Resting Metabolic Rate on Intraspecific Level
41(8)
Energetics of Reproduction
41(1)
Metabolic Rate and Sociality
42(2)
References
44(5)
Skimping as an Adaptive Strategy in Social Fossorial Rodents: The Mole Vole (Ellobius talpinus) as an Example
49(12)
Mikhail Moshkin
Eugene Novikov
Dmitri Petrovski
Introduction
49(1)
Subjects, Area and Methodological Comments
50(1)
Standard Metabolic Rate, Cost of Locomotion and Thermoregulation
51(1)
Growth and Reproduction
52(3)
Immune Defense
55(1)
Adrenocortical Response to Stress
56(1)
Conclusion
57(4)
References
58(3)
The Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology of the African Mole-rats: with Special Reference to Southern African Mole-rat Species
61(20)
Nigel C. Bennett
Gundula H. Gutjahr
Chris G. Faulkes
Introduction
61(1)
Reproductive Strategies in Solitary and Social African Mole-rats
62(7)
Reproductive Strategies in Solitary Mole-rats
62(1)
Reproductive Strategies in Social Mole-rats
63(5)
How are Non-breeding Females Physiologically Suppressed?
68(1)
Seasonal Breeding in Social Mole-rats
69(1)
Induced vs Spontaneous Ovulation and the Role of Penile Ornamentation
70(1)
Habitat Shapes the Reproductive Physiology of African Mole-rats
71(1)
Monopolization of Reproduction: Plural Breeding in Males and Females
72(1)
Perspective
73(8)
References
74(7)
Part II Sensory Ecology
Sensory Ecology of Subterranean Rodents
81(4)
Sabine Begall
Cristian E. Schleich
References
83(2)
Using Odors Underground
85(12)
Giora Heth
Josephine Todrank
Introduction
85(1)
Foraging Underground
86(1)
Recognizing and Discriminating Between Conspecifics Underground
87(7)
Individual Odors
88(1)
Odor-genes Covariance in Subterranean Rodents
88(2)
Individual Recognition
90(2)
Genetic Relatedness Distinctions
92(1)
Two Separate Mechanisms - Two Separate Functions
93(1)
Conclusion
94(3)
References
94(3)
Acoustics, Audition and Auditory System
97(16)
Sabine Begall
Simone Lange
Cristian E. Schleich
Hynek Burda
Introduction
97(1)
Acoustics in Burrows
98(1)
Hearing in Subterranean Rodents
99(4)
Morphological Adaptations of the Ear
103(5)
Outer and Middle Ear
103(1)
Inner Ear
104(4)
Synthesis
108(5)
References
109(4)
Acoustic Communication in Subterranean Rodents
113(16)
Cristian E. Schleich
Silke Veitl
Ema Knotkova
Sabine Begall
Introduction
113(1)
Adult Vocalizations
114(9)
Acoustic Environment and Vocalization Structure
114(4)
Social System and Vocal Repertoire
118(2)
Territorial Signaling: To Knock or to Shout
120(3)
Juvenile Vocalizations: Are Care-elicitation Calls Honest Advertisements of Offspring Need?
123(2)
Conclusion
125(4)
References
125(4)
Visual Systems and the Role of Vision in Subterranean Rodents: Diversity of Retinal Properties and Visual System Designs
129(32)
Pavel Nemec
Pavla Cvekova
Hynek Burda
Oldrich Benada
Leo Peichl
Introduction
129(1)
Eye Morphology
129(1)
Retina
130(9)
Photoreceptors
132(4)
Retinal Interneurons and Circuitry
136(1)
Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs)
136(3)
Optic Nerve (ON)
139(2)
Subcortical Visual System
141(9)
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Hypothalamus and Basal Telencephalon
142(2)
Thalamic Visual Nuclei
144(3)
Midbrain Nuclei: Pretectum, Superior Colliculus and Accessory Optic System
147(3)
Visual Cortex
150(2)
Oculomotor Nuclei
152(1)
Role of Vision
152(2)
Chronobiology
154(7)
References
155(6)
Magnetic Compass: A Useful Tool Underground
161(14)
Regina E. Moritz
Hynek Burda
Sabine Begall
Pavel Nemec
Introduction
161(1)
Available Information: From Earth to Animal
162(1)
Compass Mode: From Behavioural Experiment to Proof
163(3)
Experimental Design
163(3)
Character of the Magnetic Compass
166(1)
Transduction Mechanisms: From Signal to Receptor
166(3)
Physical Models and Behavioural Evidence
166(2)
Histological and Neurobiological Evidence
168(1)
Neuronal Processing: From Receptor to Brain
169(6)
References
170(5)
Adaptive Neural Organization of Naked Mole-Rat Somatosensation (and Those Similarly Challenged)
175(22)
Thomas J. Park
Kenneth C. Catania
Dalia Samaan
Christopher M. Comer
Introduction
175(1)
Naked Mole-rat Body Hairs
175(2)
Somatosensation and Behavior
177(6)
Somatosensory Specializations in the Central Nervous System of Naked Mole-rats
183(3)
Comparisons to Star-Nosed Moles
186(2)
New Directions: Unique Somatic Organization for Processing Painful Stimuli
188(2)
Conclusion
190(7)
References
191(6)
Part III Life Histories, Behavioural Ecology, Demography
From Natural Histories to Life Histories
197(8)
Hynek Burda
References
202(3)
Giant Mole-rats, Fukomys mechowii, 13 Years on the Stage
205(16)
Mathias Kawalika†
Hynek Burda
Introduction
205(1)
Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Phylogeny
206(1)
Morphology of the Giant Mole-rats
207(2)
Body size
207(1)
Pelage Colour
208(1)
Skull
209(1)
Distribution
209(1)
Geographic Distribution
209(1)
Habitat Characteristics
209(1)
Distributional Borders and Sympatry with Other Fukomys Species
210(1)
Burrow Systems
210(1)
Food
211(1)
Colony Size and Structure
212(1)
Sex Ratio
213(1)
Surface Activity
214(1)
Economic Importance
215(6)
References
217(4)
Biology of the Silvery Mole-rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus). Why Study a Neglected Subterranean Rodent Species?
221(16)
Radim Sumbera
Wilbert N. Chitaukali
Hynek Burda
Introduction
221(1)
Taxonomy and Body Size
222(2)
Population Density and Structure
224(1)
Food and Habitat Preferences
225(1)
Burrow Systems and Burrowing
226(1)
Reproduction
226(4)
Mating Behaviour
226(1)
Seasonality of Breeding
227(2)
Pregnancy, Litter Size and Postnatal Development
229(1)
Dispersal
229(1)
Economic and Epidemiological Importance
230(1)
Parasites and Sociality in African Mole-rats
230(1)
Evolution of Sociality in the African Mole-rats
231(2)
Hypotheses on the Evolution of Sociality in Bathyergids
232(1)
Silvery Mole-rat and Evolution of Sociality
232(1)
Further Perspectives
233(4)
References
234(3)
The Biology and Ecology of Plateau Zokors (Eospalax fontanierii)
237(14)
Yanming Zhang
Introduction
237(1)
Morphological Characteristics
238(1)
Physiological Characteristics
238(2)
Habitat Selection and Distribution
240(1)
Burrow System and Environment
240(1)
Foraging and Diet
241(1)
Activity Rhythms
241(1)
Reproduction
242(1)
Dispersal
242(1)
Territoriality and Home Range
243(1)
Population Dynamics
243(1)
Burrow Cohabitants
244(1)
Plateau Zokors as Prey
244(1)
Relationship of Plateau Zokors and Livestock
245(1)
Conclusion
246(5)
References
247(4)
Senescence Patterns in African Mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia)
251(16)
Philip Dammann
Hynek Burda
Introduction
251(1)
Longevity of Bathyergid Mole-rats Compared to Other Rodent Families
252(2)
Intrafamilial Longevity Patterns
254(3)
Intraspecific Aging Rates in Eusocial Bathyergids
257(1)
``Caste''-Specific Aging: Possible Explanations
258(3)
Conclusions and Perspectives
261(6)
References
262(5)
Part IV Environmental and Economic Aspects
The Influence of Subterranean Rodents on the Environment
267(4)
O. J. Reichman
References
269(2)
The Influence of Pocket Gophers on the Biotic and Abiotic Environment
271(16)
O. J. Reichman
Introduction
271(1)
Burrowing Activity
271(1)
Geometry of Disturbances
272(1)
Burrow Spacing
272(1)
Mound Spacing
272(1)
Comparisons Between Species, Age, Sex, and Size
273(1)
Activity Patterns
273(1)
Diets
274(1)
Impact on Plants
275(3)
Individual Plants
275(1)
Plant Defenses
276(1)
Impact on Plant Communities
276(2)
Complex Biotic Interactions
278(1)
Soil Dynamics
279(2)
Economic Impacts
281(1)
Conclusion
282(5)
References
283(4)
Subterranean Rodents as Pests: The Case of the Pocket Gopher
287(14)
Gary W. Witmer
Richard M. Engeman
Introduction
287(1)
Pocket Gophers (Family Geomyidae)
288(1)
Damage by Pocket Gophers
288(5)
Forest Damage
288(1)
Rangeland Damage
289(1)
Fruit Tree Damage
290(1)
Alfalfa and Field Crop Damage
290(1)
Wire and Cable Damage
291(1)
Hydraulic Structure Damage, Disturbance of Hazardous Waste and Archaeological Sites
292(1)
Invasive Plant Establishment and Dispersal
293(1)
Pocket Gopher Damage Management
293(3)
Pocket Gopher Population Control
293(2)
Habitat Management and Resource Protection
295(1)
Population Densities and Monitoring
295(1)
Conclusions and Future Needs
296(5)
References
297(4)
Influence of Plateau Zokors (Eospalax fontanierii) on Alpine Meadows
301(8)
Yanming Zhang
Introduction
301(1)
Effects on Soil and Nutrients
302(1)
Effects on Vegetation and Diversity
303(1)
Effects on Monocotyledons
303(2)
Effects on Dicotyledons
305(1)
Conclusion
306(3)
References
307(2)
Mountain Beaver: A Primitive Fossorial Rodent
309(16)
Wendy M. Arjo
Introduction
309(1)
Distribution of the Aplodontidae Family
310(1)
Mountain Beaver Ecology
310(6)
Habitat
311(1)
Burrow and Nest Structure
312(1)
Reproductive Behavior
313(1)
Population Dynamics
314(1)
Movements and Home Ranges
314(1)
Forage Preference
315(1)
Management and Economic Impacts
316(1)
Conclusion and Future Research Needs
317(8)
References
319(6)
Part V Molecular Ecology and Evolution
Molecular Ecology and Evolution
325(6)
Eileen A. Lacey
References
328(3)
The Multiple Meanings of Inbreeding: The Key to Understanding the Social and Genetic Structure of Subterranean Rodent Populations
331(10)
Stanton Braude
Introduction
331(1)
Determinants of Genetic Structure: Mutation, Selection, or Drift
331(2)
The Influence of Social Structure on Genetic Structure and Genetic Structure on Social Structure
333(1)
Genetic Structure and Social Structure in Naked Mole-rats: A Classic Example of the Importance of Understanding the Multiple Meanings of Inbreeding
333(3)
Dispersal
336(1)
Conclusions
337(4)
References
337(4)
Behavior, Demography, and Immunogenetic Variation: New Insights from Subterranean Rodents
341(16)
Eileen A. Lacey
Ana Paula Cutrera
Introduction
341(1)
Genetic Structure in Subterranean Rodents
342(3)
Neutrality vs Selection in Genetic Differentiation
344(1)
Genetic Structure at Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Loci
345(1)
MHC Variation in Subterranean Rodents
345(5)
Overview and Future Directions
350(7)
References
351(6)
African Mole-rats (Bathyergidae): A Complex Radiation in Tropical Soils
357(18)
Paul A. A. G. Van Daele
Chris G. Faulkes
Erik Verheyen
Dominique Adriaens
Introduction
357(1)
Intergeneric Relationships
358(1)
Biogeography of the Bathyergidae
359(3)
Overview of the Six Genera
362(1)
The Eusocial Heterocephalus Ruppell, 1842
362(1)
The Three Solitary Genera
362(1)
Diversification in Social Mole-rats of the Genera Cryptomys Gray, 1864 and Fukomys (Kock, Ingram, Frabotta, Honeycutt and Burda 2006)
363(4)
Prospects (for Phylogenetic Studies and Beyond)
367(8)
References
370(5)
Mosaic Evolution of Subterranean Mammals: Tinkering, Regression, Progression, and Global Convergence
375(11)
Eviatar Nevo
Overview
375(2)
Visual Adaptations in Subterranean Mammals
377(7)
The Mosaic Evolution of the Spalax Eye: Morphology, Physiology, and Molecular Biology
378(3)
α-Crystallin: Structure, Expression, and Evolution
381(1)
Adaptive Evolution of Small Heat Shock Protein/αB-Crystallin Promoter Activity in Spalax
381(2)
Retinal Photopigments in Spalax
383(1)
Evolutionary Adaptive Regulation of Wide Genome Gene Expression
384(2)
References
386