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E-raamat: Supersymmetry and String Theory: Beyond the Standard Model

(University of California, Santa Cruz)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jan-2007
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780511258145
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jan-2007
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780511258145
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Comprehensive introduction to theoretical physics for graduates and researchers in string theory, astrophysics and cosmology.

The past decade has witnessed dramatic developments in the field of theoretical physics. This book is a comprehensive introduction to these recent developments. It contains a review of the Standard Model, covering non-perturbative topics, and a discussion of grand unified theories and magnetic monopoles. It introduces the basics of supersymmetry and its phenomenology, and includes dynamics, dynamical supersymmetry breaking, and electric-magnetic duality. The book then covers general relativity and the big bang theory, and the basic issues in inflationary cosmologies before discussing the spectra of known string theories and the features of their interactions. The book also includes brief introductions to technicolor, large extra dimensions, and the Randall-Sundrum theory of warped spaces. This will be of great interest to graduates and researchers in the fields of particle theory, string theory, astrophysics and cosmology. The book contains several problems, and password protected solutions will be available to lecturers at www.cambridge.org/9780521858410.

Arvustused

'An excellent and timely introduction to a wide range of topics concerning physics beyond the standard model, by one of the most dynamic researchers in the field. Dine has a gift for explaining difficult concepts in a transparent way. The book has wonderful insights to offer beginning graduate students and experienced researchers alike.' Nima Arkani-Hamed, Harvard University 'How many times did you need to find the answer to a basic question about the formalism and especially the phenomenology of general relativity, the Standard Model, its supersymmetric and grand unified extensions, and other serious models of new physics, as well as the most important experimental constraints and the realization of the key models within string theory? Dine's book will solve most of these problems for you and give you much more, namely the state-of-the-art picture of reality as seen by a leading superstring phenomenologist.' Lubos Motl, Harvard University 'This book gives a broad overview of most of the current issues in theoretical high energy physics. It introduces and discusses a wide range of topics from a pragmatic point of view. Although some of these topics are addressed in other books, this one gives a uniform and self-contained exposition of all of them. The book can be used as an excellent text in various advanced graduate courses. It is also an extremely useful reference book for researchers in the field, both for graduate students and established senior faculty. Dine's deep insights and broad perspective make this book an essential text. I am sure it will become a classic. Many physicists expect that with the advent of the LHC a revival of model building will take place. This book is the best tool kit a modern model builder will need.' Nathan Seiberg, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 'Particle physics is about to enter a new era with the start up of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This book provides a broad and well-founded introduction to the main theoretical concepts ... The comprehensive list of state-of-the-art topics presented makes Dine's book an almost unique text. The parts on supersymmetry and string theory especially contain a wealth of material, often showing deep physical insight. ... a valuable resource for anybody who learns and teaches particle physics. For the active researcher it also provides the tools necessary to develop new models in an exciting area of physics.' The Observatory

Muu info

Comprehensive introduction to theoretical physics for graduates and researchers in string theory, astrophysics and cosmology.
Preface xv
A note on choice of metric xviii
Text website xx
Part 1 Effective field theory: the Standard Model, supersymmetry, unification
1(136)
Before the Standard Model
3(6)
Suggested reading
7(2)
The Standard Model
9(20)
Yang-Mills theory
9(3)
Realizations of symmetry in quantum field theory
12(6)
The quantization of Yang-Mills theories
18(4)
The particles and fields of the Standard Model
22(3)
The gauge boson masses
25(2)
Quark and lepton masses
27(2)
Suggested reading
28(1)
Exercises
28(1)
Phenomenology of the Standard Model
29(34)
The weak interactions
29(3)
The quark and lepton mass matrices
32(2)
The strong interactions
34(1)
The renormalization group
35(4)
Calculating the beta function
39(4)
The strong interactions and dimensional transmutation
43(1)
Confinement and lattice gauge theory
44(7)
Strong interaction processes at high momentum transfer
51(12)
Suggested reading
59(2)
Exercises
61(2)
The Standard Model as an effective field theory
63(12)
Lepton and baryon number violation
66(4)
Challenges for the Standard Model
70(1)
The hierarchy problem
71(1)
Dark matter and dark energy
72(1)
Summary: successes and limitations of the Standard Model
73(2)
Suggested reading
73(2)
Anomalies, instantons and the strong CP problem
75(32)
The chiral anomaly
76(5)
A two-dimensional detour
81(8)
Real QCD
89(11)
The strong CP problem
100(2)
Possible solutions of the strong CP problem
102(5)
Suggested reading
105(1)
Exercises
106(1)
Grand unification
107(12)
Cancellation of anomalies
110(1)
Renormalization of couplings
110(1)
Breaking to SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1)
111(1)
SU(2) x U(1) breaking
112(1)
Charge quantization and magnetic monopoles
113(1)
Proton decay
114(1)
Other groups
114(5)
Suggested reading
117(1)
Exercises
117(2)
Magnetic monopoles and solitons
119(12)
Solitons in 1 + 1 dimensions
120(2)
Solitons in 2 + 1 dimensions: strings or vortices
122(1)
Magnetic monopoles
122(2)
The BPS limit
124(1)
Collective coordinates for the monopole solution
125(2)
The Witten effect: the electric charge in the presence of θ
127(1)
Electric-magnetic duality
128(3)
Suggested reading
129(1)
Exercises
129(2)
Technicolor: a first attempt to explain hierarchies
131(6)
QCD in a world without Higgs fields
132(1)
Fermion masses: extended technicolor
133(2)
Precision electroweak measurements
135(2)
Suggested reading
136(1)
Exercises
136(1)
Part 2 Supersymmetry
137(166)
Supersymmetry
139(18)
The supersymmetry algebra and its representations
140(1)
Superspace
140(4)
N = 1 Lagrangians
144(3)
The supersymmetry currents
147(1)
The ground-state energy in globally supersymmetric theories
148(1)
Some simple models
149(2)
Non-renormalization theorems
151(3)
Local supersymmetry: supergravity
154(3)
Suggested reading
155(1)
Exercises
155(2)
A first look at supersymmetry breaking
157(10)
Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking
157(3)
The goldstino theorem
160(1)
Loop corrections and the vacuum degeneracy
161(1)
Explicit, soft supersymmetry breaking
162(1)
Supersymmetry breaking in supergravity models
163(4)
Suggested reading
166(1)
Exercises
166(1)
The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
167(18)
Soft supersymmetry breaking in the MSSM
169(4)
SU(2) x U(1) breaking
173(2)
Why is one Higgs mass negative?
175(1)
Radiative corrections to the Higgs mass limit
176(1)
Embedding the MSSM in supergravity
177(1)
The μ term
178(1)
Constraints on soft breakings
179(6)
Suggested reading
183(1)
Exercises
183(2)
Supersymmetric grand unification
185(6)
A supersymmetric grand unified model
185(1)
Coupling constant unification
186(2)
Dimension-five operators and proton decay
188(3)
Suggested reading
189(1)
Exercises
189(2)
Supersymmetric dynamics
191(18)
Criteria for supersymmetry breaking: the Witten index
192(1)
Gaugino condensation in pure gauge theories
193(1)
Supersymmetric QCD
194(3)
Nf < N: a non-perturbative superpotential
197(3)
The superpotential in the case Nf < N -- 1
200(1)
Nf = N -- 1: the instanton-generated superpotential
201(8)
Suggested reading
208(1)
Exercises
208(1)
Dynamical supersymmetry breaking
209(10)
Models of dynamical supersymmetry breaking
209(2)
Particle physics and dynamical supersymmetry breaking
211(8)
Suggested reading
218(1)
Exercises
218(1)
Theories with more than four conserved supercharges
219(14)
N = 2 theories: exact moduli spaces
219(2)
A still simpler theory: N = 4 Yang-Mills
221(2)
A deeper understanding of the BPS condition
223(2)
Seiberg-Witten theory
225(8)
Suggested reading
230(1)
Exercises
231(2)
More supersymmetric dynamics
233(10)
Conformally invariant field theories
233(2)
More supersymmetric QCD
235(1)
Nf = Nc
236(4)
Nf > N + 1
240(1)
Nf > 3/2N
241(2)
Suggested reading
241(1)
Exercises
242(1)
An introduction to general relativity
243(16)
Tensors in general relativity
244(5)
Curvature
249(1)
The gravitational action
250(2)
The Schwarzschild solution
252(2)
Features of the Schwarzschild metric
254(2)
Coupling spinors to gravity
256(3)
Suggested reading
257(1)
Exercises
257(2)
Cosmology
259(10)
A history of the universe
263(6)
Suggested reading
268(1)
Exercises
268(1)
Astroparticle physics and inflation
269(34)
Inflation
272(8)
The axion as dark matter
280(3)
The LSP as the dark matter
283(2)
The moduli problem
285(2)
Baryogenesis
287(7)
Flat directions and baryogenesis
294(2)
Supersymmetry breaking in the early universe
296(1)
The fate of the condensate
297(3)
Dark energy
300(3)
Suggested reading
301(1)
Exercises
301(2)
Part 3 String theory
303(178)
Introduction
305(8)
The peculiar history of string theory
306(7)
Suggested reading
311(2)
The bosonic string
313(28)
The light cone gauge in string theory
315(3)
Closed strings
318(2)
String interactions
320(2)
Conformal invariance
322(6)
Vertex operators and the S-matrix
328(6)
The S-matrix vs. the effective action
334(1)
Loop amplitudes
335(6)
Suggested reading
338(1)
Exercises
338(3)
The superstring
341(18)
Open superstrings
341(2)
Quantization in the Ramond sector: the appearance of space-time fermions
343(1)
Type II theory
344(1)
World sheet supersymmetry
345(1)
The spectra of the superstrings
346(7)
Manifest space-time supersymmetry: the Green-Schwarz formalism
353(2)
Vertex operators
355(4)
Suggested reading
356(1)
Exercises
356(3)
The heterotic string
359(6)
The O(32) theory
360(1)
The E8 x E8 theory
361(1)
Heterotic string interactions
361(2)
A non-supersymmetric heterotic string theory
363(2)
Suggested reading
363(1)
Exercises
364(1)
Effective actions in ten dimensions
365(8)
Coupling constants in string theory
368(5)
Suggested reading
371(1)
Exercise
371(2)
Compactification of string theory I. Tori and orbifolds
373(28)
Compactification in field theory: the Kaluza-Klein program
373(4)
Closed strings on tori
377(3)
Enhanced symmetries
380(2)
Strings in background fields
382(4)
Bosonic formulation for the heterotic string
386(1)
Orbifolds
387(8)
Effective actions in four dimensions for orbifold models
395(3)
Non-supersymmetric compactifications
398(3)
Suggested reading
399(1)
Exercises
400(1)
Compactification of string theory II. Calabi--Yau compactifications
401(28)
Mathematical preliminaries
401(5)
Calabi-Yau spaces: constructions
406(3)
The spectrum of Calabi--Yau compactifications
409(2)
World sheet description of Calabi--Yau compactification
411(3)
An example: the quintic in CP4
414(2)
Calabi--Yau compactification of the heterotic string at weak coupling
416(13)
Suggested reading
426(1)
Exercises
427(2)
Dynamics of string theory at weak coupling
429(12)
Non-renormalization theorems
430(4)
Fayet-Iliopoulos D-terms
434(4)
Gaugino condensation
438(1)
Obstacles to a weakly coupled string phenomenology
439(2)
Suggested reading
440(1)
Beyond weak coupling: non-perturbative string theory
441(26)
Perturbative dualities
442(1)
Strings at strong coupling: duality
442(1)
D-branes
443(4)
Branes from T-duality of Type I strings
447(4)
Strong-weak coupling dualities: the equivalence of different string theories
451(1)
Strong-weak coupling dualities: some evidence
452(6)
Strongly coupled heterotic string
458(2)
Non-perturbative formulations of string theory
460(7)
Suggested reading
465(1)
Exercises
466(1)
Large and warped extra dimensions
467(8)
Large extra dimensions: the ADD proposal
467(3)
Warped spaces: the Randall-Sundrum proposal
470(5)
Suggested reading
473(1)
Exercise
473(2)
Coda: where are we headed?
475(6)
Suggested reading
479(2)
Part 4 The appendices
481(24)
Appendix A Two-component spinors
483(4)
Appendix B Goldstone's theorem and the pi mesons
487(4)
Exercises
489(2)
Appendix C Some practice with the path integral in field theory
491(10)
Path integral review
491(1)
Finite-temperature field theory
492(3)
QCD at high temperature
495(1)
Weak interactions at high temperature
496(1)
Electroweak baryon number violation
497(2)
Suggested reading
499(1)
Exercises
499(2)
Appendix D The beta function in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
501(4)
Exercise
503(2)
References 505(6)
Index 511


Michael Dine is Professor of Physics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is an A. P. Sloan Foundation Fellow and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Prior to this Professor Dine was a Research Associate at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, a long-term member of the Institute for Advanced Study, and Henry Semat Professor at the City College of the City University of New York.