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E-raamat: Sustainability in Ruminant Livestock : Management and Marketing

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2021
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789813343436
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Sustainability in Ruminant Livestock : Management and MarketingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2021
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789813343436
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This book presents a concept for implementing a mass balance approach toward developing an effective eco-friendly, livestock farming system independent of external energy input. In this context it describes a modern, integrated farming system, and includes comprehensive technical information explaining the design and evaluation of manure management systems, and modeling and operational tools.





It first discusses the mass balance operating process, highlighting the difference between imported and exported mass across the farm boundary. Estimating mass balance can provide critical information for (comprehensive) nutrient management planning and for managing the movement of nutrients and manure. It then explains the estimation of whole-farm P mass balance using a suitable model system. The subsequent chapters provide updated information on management aspects of livestock-farming and generation of multiple job opportunities, and also explore various aspects of livestock farming operational protocols like housing and management; nurture of rams, ewes and lambs, new born calves and heifers; care of buck, doe and kid- nutrition flushing; concept zero grazing-systems; disease control and management; integrated goat farming; and crop-livestock integration.





Further, the book addresses crop-livestock integration; energy autonomy in cattle farming; value added biopharmaceuticals from cattle farming; CAPEX for cattle farming; concepts of cattle farming; detrimental effects of the industry; topographic and edaphic factors, and thermal stress on livestock growth and development; socioeconomic development; and water requirements for livestock.





The book concludes with the most important issue in the field of agriculture and veterinary science: Livestock Farming with Care, describing sustainable, eco-friendly livestock farming by highlighting issues like animal feed vs. human food; agricultural GDP vs livestock, and factors affecting the sustainability oflivestock farming. Given its scope, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and students alike, and will also appeal to practitioners in the field of livestock.
1 Prelusion Significance of Livestock
1(20)
1.1 Etymology and Legal Definition
1(1)
1.2 Domestication
1(4)
1.2.1 History of Domestication
1(2)
1.2.2 Domestication of Major Livestock Species
3(2)
1.3 Public Acceptability and Demand for Livestock Products
5(1)
1.4 Nutrient for Biological Process
6(5)
1.5 Production System
11(4)
1.5.1 Production Efficiency and Emissions
14(1)
1.6 Integrated Farming System
15(1)
1.7 Precision Livestock Farming
16(1)
1.8 Sustainable Livestock Farming
16(5)
References
17(4)
2 Mass Balance Concept in Livestock Farming
21(12)
2.1 Phosphorus Flow Across Livestock Production System
22(4)
2.1.1 Monitoring P Mass Balance
24(2)
2.2 Nitrogen Monitoring in Livestock Production System
26(2)
2.3 Water Balance in Livestock Farming
28(1)
2.4 Energy Balance Across the Livestock Production System
29(4)
2.4.1 Mass Flow of Energy Across Livestock Farming
30(1)
References
31(2)
3 Goat and Sheep Farming
33(44)
3.1 Introduction
33(1)
3.2 Small Ruminant Genetic Resources
34(14)
3.2.1 Goat Breeds
34(8)
3.2.2 Sheep Breeds
42(6)
3.3 Production Traits for Small Ruminant Improvement
48(7)
3.3.1 Production Traits
49(1)
3.3.2 Production Parameters in Goats
50(2)
3.3.3 Production Parameters in Sheep
52(1)
3.3.4 Genetic Defects
52(3)
3.4 Care and Management of Goats
55(5)
3.4.1 Age Determination and Body Condition Score
55(1)
3.4.2 Management of Breeding Bucks
55(2)
3.4.3 Age at First Mating
57(1)
3.4.4 Heat Detection
57(1)
3.4.5 Gestation Period
57(1)
3.4.6 Breeding and Kidding Management
58(1)
3.4.7 Weaning Management
59(1)
3.5 Management Practices of Sheep
60(2)
3.5.1 Care During Lambing
60(1)
3.5.2 Body Condition Score and Age Determination in Sheep
61(1)
3.5.3 Castrating and Docking
62(1)
3.5.4 Shearing
62(1)
3.5.5 Breeding Soundness
62(1)
3.6 Feeding of Small Ruminants
62(2)
3.7 Housing
64(1)
3.8 Disease Control
65(7)
3.8.1 Biosecurity Measures
65(1)
3.8.2 Goat and Sheep Diseases
66(6)
3.9 Energy Management in Goat and Sheep Farming
72(1)
3.10 Value-Added Biopharmaceuticals from Goat Farming
73(4)
References
74(3)
4 Cattle and Buffaloes Farming
77(40)
4.1 Introduction
77(1)
4.2 Cattle Breeds
77(4)
4.2.1 Dairy Breeds
78(1)
4.2.2 Draught Breeds
79(1)
4.2.3 Dual-Purpose Breeds
80(1)
4.3 Buffalo Production
81(5)
4.3.1 Buffalo Breeds
81(5)
4.4 Genetic Improvement
86(11)
4.4.1 Selection for Improving Growth and Milk Production
86(6)
4.4.2 Genetic Improvement in Buffaloes
92(1)
4.4.3 Selection Methods
92(3)
4.4.4 Crossbreeding
95(1)
4.4.5 Grading Up
96(1)
4.4.6 Forming New Lines or Breeds
96(1)
4.4.7 Genetic Defects
96(1)
4.5 Care and Management
97(3)
4.5.1 Age and Body Condition Score
97(1)
4.5.2 Calf Management
97(2)
4.5.3 Heifer Management
99(1)
4.5.4 Lactating Animal Management
99(1)
4.5.5 Dry and Pregnant Animal Management
100(1)
4.5.6 Bull Management
100(1)
4.5.7 Bullock Management
100(1)
4.6 Feeding Requirement
100(3)
4.7 Housing
103(3)
4.8 Health Care at Different Stages of Growth and Development
106(11)
4.8.1 Maintaining Biosecurity
106(1)
4.8.2 Diseases
107(5)
4.8.3 Metabolic Disorders
112(1)
References
113(4)
5 Factors Influencing Livestock Way of Life
117(20)
5.1 Climate Change on Livestock
117(4)
5.1.1 Adaptation and Livestock Productivity
118(3)
5.2 Thermal Stress on Livestock Growth and Development
121(1)
5.3 Climate Change and Animal Production
122(4)
5.3.1 Lactation
122(1)
5.3.2 Growth
123(1)
5.3.3 Reproduction
123(1)
5.3.4 Livestock Diseases
124(1)
5.3.5 Feed Intake and Rumen Physiology
124(1)
5.3.6 Oxidative Stress
125(1)
5.3.7 Immunity
126(1)
5.4 Mitigation of Environmental Stress
126(1)
5.5 Water Requirements for Livestock Production
127(10)
5.5.1 Water Requirements for Livestock
128(3)
References
131(6)
6 Sustainable Livestock Farming
137(34)
6.1 Livestock as Driving Force for Food Security
138(4)
6.2 Livestock Products
142(4)
6.2.1 Food Products from Livestock
142(2)
6.2.2 Value-Added Products from Livestock
144(2)
6.3 Livestock Influencing Environment
146(10)
6.3.1 Greenhouse Gas Linked to Livestock Farming
146(3)
6.3.2 Pastureland Sustainability
149(2)
6.3.3 Bioaccumulation of Antibiotic
151(5)
6.4 Measures to Prevent Adverse Environmental Impacts
156(5)
6.4.1 Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas from Livestock
157(1)
6.4.2 Mitigation Practice Through Manure Monitoring
157(1)
6.4.3 Animal Productivity and Mitigation Practices
158(1)
6.4.4 Social Dimension
158(2)
6.4.5 Sustainable Organic Livestock Farming
160(1)
6.4.6 Generation of Energy and Organic Manure
160(1)
6.5 Good Animal Health
161(1)
6.6 Livestock Feeds
162(1)
6.7 Livestock and Global Food Security
163(1)
6.8 Association of International Organizations with Livestock Monitoring
163(2)
6.9 Sustainable Development Goals and Livestock Management
165(6)
References
166(5)
7 Conceptual Development of Livestock Supply Chain Management
171
7.1 Introduction
171(1)
7.2 Livestock Products Supply Chain Management
172(11)
7.2.1 Milk Supply Chain Management
173(4)
7.2.2 Meat Supply Chain Management
177(1)
7.2.3 Therapeutic Proteins from Livestock
178(4)
7.2.4 Livestock Skin Supply Chain
182(1)
7.3 Livestock and Cold Chain Logistics
183(8)
7.3.1 Facility Growth
184(2)
7.3.2 Clinical Logistics and Patent Rights
186(1)
7.3.3 Logistics Trends
186(1)
7.3.4 Capacity Addition
187(1)
7.3.5 Cold Chain Operation
188(1)
7.3.6 Carrier Logistic
189(1)
7.3.7 Packaging Technology
189(1)
7.3.8 Cloud Computing
190(1)
7.4 Supply Chain Risk Management
191(1)
7.5 Logistics Operation
191(1)
7.6 Order Management
192(4)
7.6.1 Inventory Planning and Control
193(3)
7.7 Concept and Significance of Inventory Management
196(4)
7.7.1 Warehouse Management
197(1)
7.7.2 Transportation vs. Supply Chain Management
197(1)
7.7.3 Flow of Manufacturing Costs
197(2)
7.7.4 Trace Link and Serialization of Animal Proteins
199(1)
7.7.5 Expiration Date
200(1)
7.8 Impact of New Technology Development on Supply Chain
200(2)
7.9 Green Logistics and Supply Chain (GLSC)
202(2)
7.10 Quality Control
204(1)
7.10.1 Objectives of Quality Control
204(1)
7.10.2 Quality Control Management
205(1)
7.11 Quality Assurance
205(3)
7.11.1 Legal Basis for Approval of Biologies from Livestock
207(1)
7.12 Quality Control and Supply Chain Integration
208
References
209
Prof. Basanta Kumara Behera is an educationist and consultant on biotechnology industry development, and is involved in transferring laboratory research to industry. He has been a Professor of Biotechnology at three distinguished Indian universities, and has regularly taught postgraduate courses on topics related to bio-energy management and biomass processing technology since 1978. In 2009 he joined an MNS company as an adviser on speciality chemical production and drug design through microbial process technology. Prof. Behera is associated with leading national and international companies as a technical adviser for the production of biopharmaceuticals. He is the coauthor of the highly acclaimed book Goat production and marketing in tropics: A Practical Guide, and is the author of various other books.





Dr. Pramod K Rout is currently a Principal Scientist at CIRG, Mathura, under the Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. He graduated in VeterinarySciences from The College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar, and completed his masters and doctoral degrees at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly. He specializes in the genetics of disease resistance. He also worked as a Post-doctoral fellow at National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, for 2 years, and in the Genetics and Genomics Division, Roslin Institute, Edinburgh. He is a researcher in the area of genetic improvement of livestock and improving selection decision with molecular genetics application. He also coordinates the All India research project on Goat Improvement. His research focuses on the genetic diversity of livestock, conservation of animal genetic resources and management, genetics of disease resistance, genetics of heat stress regulation in livestock, and milk genomics. He has also worked in the area of conservation of endangered goats in their natural habitat. Dr. Rout is the coauthor of the highly acclaimed bookGoat production and marketing in tropics: A Practical Guide.





 
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