Contributors |
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xv | |
About the editors |
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xix | |
Preface |
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xxiii | |
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1 Application of alternative clean energy |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Photovoltaic systems |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Solar thermal energy systems |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Solar water heating (SWH) systems |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Solar space heating |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (2) |
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1.3.1 Geothermal power generation |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Direct uses of geothermal energy |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4.1 Horizontal Axis wind turbine |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Vertical axis wind turbine |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Wind turbine applications |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Method of biomass energy extraction |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Anaerobic digestion |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Bioethanol production |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.6 Ocean and tidal energy |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7 Small, micro, and mini hydro plants |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (4) |
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17 | (4) |
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2 Optimization of hybrid energy generation |
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21 | (2) |
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2.2 RES data and uncertainty statistical analysis |
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23 | (4) |
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2.2.1 Wind source analysis |
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24 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Solar source analysis |
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25 | (2) |
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2.3 Test case modifications and solution methodology |
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27 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Test case modifications |
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27 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Configuration of cases |
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28 | (4) |
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2.3.3 Solution methodology |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Sensitivity factors |
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33 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Locational marginal pricing (LMP) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3.6 Reliability parameters |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (7) |
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2.4.1 Impact of probabilistic nature and location of RES on sensitivity factors |
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35 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Impact of probabilistic nature and location of RES on LMP |
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38 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Impact of the probabilistic nature and location of RES on TTC and TRM |
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39 | (2) |
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2.5 Discussion and conclusion, future scope |
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41 | (8) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (5) |
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3 IoET-SG: Integrating internet of energy things with smart grid |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.4 Internet of energy things (loET) |
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51 | (4) |
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55 | (2) |
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3.6 Research challenges and future guidelines |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (3) |
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60 | (3) |
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4 Evolution of high efficiency passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells |
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63 | (3) |
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4.2 Photon absorption and optical generation |
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66 | (3) |
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4.3 Loss mechanisms in PERC solar cells |
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69 | (10) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (9) |
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4.4 Carrier transport equations |
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79 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Solar cell parameters |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (15) |
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85 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Surface passivation |
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85 | (7) |
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4.5.3 LBSF and rear local contact |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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4.5.6 Improvements of PERC solar cells |
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95 | (1) |
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4.5.7 Further improvements |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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4.6 Fabrication of PERC solar cells |
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98 | (13) |
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4.6.1 Saw damage removal, texturization, and cleaning |
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99 | (2) |
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4.6.2 Diffusion and oxidation |
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101 | (2) |
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4.6.3 Reactive ion etching |
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103 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) |
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104 | (2) |
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4.6.5 Atomic layer deposition (ALD) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (2) |
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4.7 Characterization equipment |
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111 | (10) |
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4.7.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Four point probe measurement |
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111 | (1) |
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4.7.3 Thickness profilometer |
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111 | (3) |
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4.7.4 I-Vand C-Vmeasurement |
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114 | (1) |
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4.7.5 X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) |
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114 | (1) |
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4.7.6 Lifetime and Suns-Voc measurement |
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115 | (1) |
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4.7.7 Reflectance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement |
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116 | (2) |
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4.7.8 Current-voltage (I-V) measurement |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (10) |
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121 | (10) |
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5 Online-based approach for frequency control of microgrid using biologically inspired intelligent controller |
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131 | (2) |
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5.2 Test system description |
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133 | (4) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Diesel engine generator (DEC) model |
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136 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Fuel cell, BESS, and FESS |
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136 | (1) |
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5.3 Fuzzy logic controller |
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137 | (3) |
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5.4 Particle swarm optimization (PSO) |
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140 | (2) |
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5.5 Gray wolf optimization (GWO) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (4) |
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146 | (3) |
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6 Optimal allocation of renewable energy sources in electrical distribution systems based on technical and economic indices |
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149 | (3) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Contribution and chapter organization |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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6.2.1 Multiobjective function |
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152 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Equality constraints |
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153 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Inequality constraints of distribution line |
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153 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Inequality constraints of DG units |
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154 | (1) |
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6.3 Cosine adapted whale optimization algorithm (CAWOA) |
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154 | (1) |
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6.4 Results and discussion |
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155 | (21) |
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155 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Analysis of optimal results |
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158 | (8) |
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166 | (5) |
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6.4.4 Impact of DG on branch currents |
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171 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Impact of loadability variation on EDS |
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172 | (4) |
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176 | (12) |
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182 | (6) |
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7 Optimization of renewable energy sources using emerging computational techniques |
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188 | (2) |
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7.2 Sources of renewable energy |
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190 | (16) |
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193 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Geothermal energy (GE) |
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193 | (4) |
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7.2.3 Hydropower energy (HPE) |
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197 | (3) |
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7.2.4 Hydrogen energy (HE) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (3) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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7.3 Artificial intelligence (Al) |
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206 | (15) |
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7.3.1 Artificial intelligence in bioenergy |
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213 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Artificial intelligence in geothermal energy |
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214 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Artificial intelligence in hydro energy |
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215 | (6) |
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7.3.4 Artificial intelligence in hydrogen energy |
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221 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Artificial intelligence in solar energy |
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221 | (1) |
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7.3.6 Artificial intelligence in wind energy |
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221 | (1) |
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7.3.7 Artificial intelligence in ocean energy |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (16) |
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229 | (8) |
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8 Advanced renewable dispatch with machine learning-based hybrid demand-side controller: The state of the art and a novel approach |
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237 | (1) |
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8.2 Building energy demand forecasting with machine learning |
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238 | (4) |
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8.2.1 Predictions on cooling/heating/electrical loads |
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239 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Machine learning modeling techniques |
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239 | (3) |
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8.3 Flexible demand-side management strategies |
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242 | (8) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Plug-in loads and storages |
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248 | (2) |
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8.4 Machine learning-based advanced controllers |
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250 | (7) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (5) |
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9 A machine learning-based design approach on PCMs-PV systems with multilevel scenario uncertainty |
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257 | (2) |
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9.2 Overview on PCMs-PV systems and operations |
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259 | (4) |
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9.2.1 Passive PCMs-PV systems |
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259 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Active PCMs-PV systems |
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261 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Combined passive/active PCMs-PV systems |
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262 | (1) |
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9.3 Mechanism for machine learning on performance prediction of nonlinear systems |
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263 | (1) |
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9.4 Application of machine learning in PCMs-PV systems |
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264 | (4) |
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9.4.1 Surrogate model for performance prediction |
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264 | (1) |
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9.4.2 System optimization |
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265 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Robust optimization with multilevel scenario uncertainty |
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267 | (1) |
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9.5 Challenges and outlooks |
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268 | (5) |
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9.5.1 Uncertainty quantification and probability density function |
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268 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Stochastic sampling size and uncertainty-based optimization function |
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268 | (2) |
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9.5.3 Hybrid learning and advanced optimization algorithms |
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270 | (1) |
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9.5.4 Multicriteria decision-marking for trade-off solutions |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (3) |
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10 Agent-based peer-to-peer energy trading between prosumers and consumers with cost-benefit business models |
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273 | (1) |
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10.2 Agent-based peer-to-peer energy trading with dynamic internal pricing |
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274 | (8) |
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10.2.1 P2P energy trading modes with different energy forms |
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274 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Mechanisms and mathematical models for dynamic internal pricing |
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276 | (6) |
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10.3 Blockchain and machine learning technologies in P2P energy trading |
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282 | (2) |
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10.3.1 Blockchain in P2P energy trading |
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282 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Machine learning technologies in P2P energy trading |
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283 | (1) |
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10.4 Electricity market and techno-economic incentives for P2P energy market |
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284 | (2) |
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10.4.1 Decentralized electricity market design |
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285 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Techno-economic incentives |
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285 | (1) |
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10.5 Challenges and outlook |
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286 | (5) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (5) |
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11 Machine learning-based hybrid demand-side controller for renewable energy management |
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Padmanabhan Sanjeevikumar |
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291 | (4) |
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11.1.1 Renewable and hybrid energy system |
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293 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Demand-side management |
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294 | (1) |
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11.2 Machine learning at a glance |
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295 | (9) |
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11.2.1 Machine learning meets model-based control |
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296 | (1) |
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11.2.2 The application of machine learning in hybrid demand-side controllers |
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297 | (2) |
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11.2.3 Support vector machine |
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299 | (3) |
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11.2.4 K-means clustering |
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302 | (1) |
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11.2.5 Extreme learning machine |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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11.2.7 Partial least squares |
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304 | (1) |
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11.2.8 Challenges and future research direction |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (4) |
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12 Prediction of energy generation target of hydropower plants using artificial neural networks |
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309 | (1) |
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12.2 Artificial neural network (ANN) |
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310 | (3) |
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12.3 Performance measurement parameters |
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313 | (1) |
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12.4 Modeling and analysis |
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314 | (5) |
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319 | (2) |
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319 | (2) |
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13 Response surface methodology-based optimization of parameters for biodiesel production |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (1) |
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13.3 Mathematical model of biodiesel production |
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324 | (4) |
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13.3.1 Optimization of the mathematical model |
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326 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Proposed methodology |
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327 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Basic elephant swarm water search algorithm (ESWSA) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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13.5 Reaction conditions by RSM |
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329 | (1) |
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13.6 Surface plot by different combinations in RSM model |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (5) |
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336 | (5) |
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14 Reservoir simulation model for the design of irrigation projects |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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14.3 Cost-benefit functions |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (5) |
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14.4.1 Linear programming model (LP model) |
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345 | (4) |
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14.4.2 Reservoir simulation |
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349 | (1) |
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14.5 Simulation computations |
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350 | (2) |
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14.6 Results and discussion |
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352 | (1) |
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14.7 Response of Harabhangi irrigation project |
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353 | (2) |
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14.7.1 Support for the use of simulation |
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353 | (2) |
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355 | (4) |
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357 | (2) |
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15 Effect of hydrofoils on the starting torque characteristics of the Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine |
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359 | (3) |
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15.2 Investigated parameters for the Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine |
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362 | (1) |
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15.3 Numerical simulation analysis |
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362 | (4) |
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15.3.1 Turbine model development |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Boundary conditions and turbulence modeling |
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365 | (1) |
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15.4 Results and discussion |
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366 | (8) |
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15.4.1 Performance characteristics |
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366 | (4) |
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370 | (4) |
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374 | (3) |
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374 | (3) |
Index |
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377 | |