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E-raamat: Sustainable Geoscience for Natural Gas SubSurface Systems

Edited by (Owner/Consultant, DWA Energy Limited, UK), Edited by (Professor, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), P.R. China)
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Sustainable Geoscience for Natural Gas SubSurface Systems delivers many of the scientific fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry, including coal-seam gas reservoir characterization and fracture analysis modeling for shale and tight gas reservoirs. Advanced research includes machine learning applications for well log and facies analysis, 3D gas property geological modeling, and X-ray CT scanning to reduce environmental hazards. Supported by corporate and academic contributors, along with two well-distinguished editors, the book gives today’s natural gas engineers both fundamentals and advances in a convenient resource, with a zero-carbon future in mind.

  • Includes structured case studies to illustrate how new principles can be applied in practical situations
  • Helps readers understand advanced topics, including machine learning applications to optimize predictions, controls and improve knowledge-based applications
  • Provides tactics to accelerate emission reductions
  • Teaches gas fracturing mechanics aimed at reducing environmental impacts, along with enhanced oil recovery technologies that capture carbon dioxide
Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Pore-scale characterization and fractal analysis for gas migration mechanisms in shale gas reservoirs
1(28)
Jianchao Cai
Zhenhua Tian
David A. Wood
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Pore-scale characterization from nitrogen adsorption-desorption data
2(4)
3 Pore-scale characterization from SEM data
6(1)
4 Definitions of fractal parameters
6(6)
5 Fractal analysis of nitrogen adsorption isotherms
12(3)
6 Fractal analysis of SEM images
15(4)
7 Pore-scale and core-scale gas transport mechanisms
19(5)
8 Conclusions
24(5)
Acknowledgments
25(1)
References
26(3)
2 Three-dimensional gas property geological modeling and simulation
29(22)
Ahmed E. Radwan
1 Introduction
29(1)
2 3D modeling
30(1)
3 Geological conditions of gas reservoirs
30(1)
4 Typical earth data used in modeling
31(1)
5 Modeling methods
31(3)
6 Structural modeling
34(1)
7 Facies modeling
35(1)
8 Petrophysical modeling
35(1)
9 Geomechanical modeling
36(1)
10 Volumetric modeling
37(1)
11 Case study
37(1)
12 3D structural modeling
38(1)
13 3D facies modeling
38(2)
14 3D petrophysical modeling m
40(1)
15 3D geomechanical modeling
41(3)
16 Summary
44(7)
References
45(6)
3 Acoustic, density, and seismic attribute analysis to aid gas detection and delineation of reservoir properties
51(42)
Ali Kadkhodaie
Rahim Kadkhodaie
1 Introduction
53(1)
2 Natural gas reservoirs detection
53(13)
3 Delineation and characterization of natural gas reservoirs
66(21)
4 Summary
87(6)
References
89(4)
4 Integrated microfacies interpretations of large natural gas reservoirs combining qualitative and quantitative image analysis
93(36)
Saeed Yarmohammadi
David A. Wood
1 Introduction
93(2)
2 Fundamental concepts and key principles
95(6)
3 Advanced research and detailed techniques
101(7)
4 Gas field case studies
108(15)
5 Summary
123(6)
References
124(5)
5 Assessing the brittleness and total organic carbon of shale formations and their role in identifying optimum zones to fracture stimulate
129(30)
David A. Wood
1 Introduction
129(1)
2 Fundamental concepts
130(7)
3 Advanced methods
137(5)
4 Case study: TOB machine learning to predict shale brittleness and TOC
142(10)
5 Summary
152(7)
References
153(6)
6 Shale kerogen kinetics from multiheating rate pyrolysis modeling with geological time-scale perspectives for petroleum generation
159(38)
David A. Wood
1 Fundamental concepts
159(9)
2 Advanced techniques and applications
168(12)
3 Case study kinetic models for immature Duvernay shale Western Canada
180(12)
4 Summary
192(5)
References
193(4)
7 Application of few-shot semisupervised deep learning in organic matter content logging evaluation
197(22)
Linqi Zhu
Chaomo Zhang
Xinmin Ge
Shiguo Wu
Jianchao Cai
Xueqing Zhou
1 Introduction
197(3)
2 Methodology
200(7)
3 Samples and experiments
207(7)
4 Results: TOC Prediction comparisons for IDLM and other models
214(2)
5 Conclusions
216(3)
Acknowledgment
216(1)
References
216(3)
8 Microseismic analysis to aid gas reservoir characterization
219(24)
Lei Li
Jingqiang Tan
Yuyang Tan
Xinpeng Pan
Zhengguang Zhao
1 Introduction
219(3)
2 Principle and workflow of microseismic monitoring
222(4)
3 Advanced processing and interpretation techniques
226(6)
4 Case studies
232(6)
5 Summary
238(5)
Acknowledgments
239(1)
References
239(4)
9 Coal-bed methane reservoir characterization using well-log data
243(32)
David A. Wood
Jianchao Cai
1 Introduction
245(5)
2 Fundamental concepts pertaining to CBM
250(7)
3 Advanced assessment of coal bed methane properties
257(7)
4 Case study: Assessing coal fracability based on well-log information
264(4)
5 Summary
268(7)
References
269(6)
10 Characterization of gas hydrate reservoirs using well logs and X-ray CT scanning as resources and environmental hazards
275(26)
Lele Liu
Nengyou Wu
Changling Liu
Chengfeng Li
1 Introduction
275(2)
2 Fundamental concepts and key principles
277(6)
3 Advanced research/field applications
283(7)
4 Case studies
290(3)
5 Summary and conclusions
293(8)
Acknowledgments
294(1)
References
294(7)
11 Assessing the sustainability of potential gas hydrate exploitation projects by integrating commercial, environmental, social and technical considerations
301(44)
David A. Wood
1 Fundamental concepts
302(12)
2 Advanced TOPSIS techniques that incorporate uncertainty
314(7)
3 Case study
321(15)
4 Suggested protocol and MCDA analysis for large resource development projects
336(1)
5 Summary
337(8)
Acknowledgment
338(1)
References
338(7)
12 Gas adsorption and reserve estimation for conventional and unconventional gas resources
345(38)
Ahmed E. Radwan
David A. Wood
Mohamed Mahmoud
Zeeshan Tariq
1 Introduction
345(1)
2 Reserves estimations for gas-bearing reservoirs
346(3)
3 Material balance equation and gas adsorption in conventional and unconventional reservoirs
349(4)
4 Gas adsorption/desorption isotherms
353(2)
5 Estimating gas reserves for coal bed methane resources
355(7)
6 Gas adsorption considerations relevant to unconventional gas resources and reserves estimation
362(4)
7 Case study examples for estimating gas resources (G//P) and reserves
366(11)
8 Summary
377(6)
References
378(5)
13 Dataset insight and variable influences established using correlations, regressions, and transparent customized formula optimization
383(26)
David A. Wood
1 Introduction
383(1)
2 Fundamental concepts
384(7)
3 Advanced considerations
391(4)
4 Case study
395(11)
5 Summary
406(3)
References
407(2)
Index 409
David A. Wood has more than forty years of international gas, oil, and broader energy experience since gaining his Ph.D. in geosciences from Imperial College London in the 1970s. His expertise covers multiple fields including subsurface geoscience and engineering relating to oil and gas exploration and production, energy supply chain technologies, and efficiencies. For the past two decades, David has worked as an independent international consultant, researcher, training provider, and expert witness. He has published an extensive body of work on geoscience, engineering, energy, and machine learning topics. He currently consults and conducts research on a variety of technical and commercial aspects of energy and environmental issues through his consultancy, DWA Energy Limited. He has extensive editorial experience as a founding editor of Elseviers Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering in 2008/9 then serving as Editor-in-Chief from 2013 to 2016. He is currently Co-Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Geo-Energy Research. Jianchao Cai received his B.Sc in Physics from Henan Normal University and MSc and Ph.D in Condensed Matter Physics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics at the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). Meanwhile, he serves as Associate Editor or Editorial member for several journals including Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering, International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Fractals. He has published more than 130 journal articles, two books, and numerous book chapters.