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E-raamat: Syntax of Chinese

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(University of Southern California), (University of Wisconsin, Madison), (Harvard University, Massachusetts)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Cambridge Syntax Guides
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2009
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780511512261
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Syntax of ChineseSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Cambridge Syntax Guides
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2009
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780511512261
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A guide to Chinese syntax covering a broad variety of topics including categories, argument structure, passives and anaphora.

The past quarter of a century has seen a surge in Chinese syntactic research that has produced a sizeable literature on the analysis of almost every construction in Mandarin Chinese. This guide to Chinese syntax analyses the majority of constructions in Chinese that have featured in theoretical linguistics in the past 25 years, using the authors' own analyses as well as existing or potential alternative treatments. A broad variety of topics are covered, including categories, argument structure, passives and anaphora. The discussion of each topic sums up the key research results and provides new points of departure for further research. This book will be invaluable both to students wanting to know more about the grammar of Chinese, and graduate students and theoretical linguists interested in the universal principles that underlie human languages.

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A guide to Chinese syntax covering a broad variety of topics including categories, argument structure, passives and anaphora.
Abbreviations ix
Introduction 1
1 Categories 9
1.1 Lexical categories
10
1.1.1 Verbs and nouns — basic distinctions
10
1.1.2 Localizers
13
1.1.3 Adjectives
21
1.1.4 Prepositions
26
1.2 Functional categories
32
1.2.1 [ Fn], n more than or equal to 0
32
1.2.2 [ F] and the modifier-introducing de
35
2 Argument structure 38
2.1 Arguments and theta-roles
38
2.1.1 Basic properties of theta-roles
39
2.1.2 Chinese resultative compounds: a case study
40
2.1.3 Compounds vs. phrases
43
2.2 On the nature of theta-roles
46
2.2.1 Theta-roles produced by the syntax
46
2.2.2 What's in a verb?
54
2.2.3 Squeezing a lexical foot into a functional shoe
57
2.3 Sketching an alternative theory of theta-roles
60
2.3.1 How a lexical entry contributes to the argument structure
61
2.3.2 The theory
62
2.3.3 Facts explained
66
2.4 In place of a conclusion
75
3 The verb phrase 77
3.1 Adjuncts and complements
77
3.2 Postverbal constituents
82
3.2.1 Double objects and the structure of VP
82
3.2.2 V-de
84
3.2.3 Frequency/Duration Phrases (FP/DrP)
91
3.3 Preverbal constituents
100
3.3.1 Aspectual phrase
101
3.3.2 Modals
106
3.4 Summary
110
4 Passives 112
4.1 The Mandarin long passive
113
4.1.1 Two competing traditions
113
4.1.2 The analysis: A'-movement and predication
120
4.1.3 Further evidence for the NOP analysis
124
4.2 The Mandarin short passive
129
4.2.1 Against the Agent-deletion analysis
129
4.2.2 Analysis of the short passive
134
4.3 The analysis of indirect passives
139
4.3.1 Direct vs. indirect passives
139
4.3.2 The inclusive indirect passive
140
4.3.3 The adversative passive
147
4.4 Summary
151
5 The ba construction 153
5.1 ba and bei constructions
154
5.2 What is ba?
162
5.2.1 The categorial status of ba
162
5.2.2 The analysis of ba
165
5.3 ba not a theta-role assigner
167
5.3.1 ba and the subject
168
5.3.2 ba and the post-ba NP
172
5.4 Structures
174
5.4.1 A preliminary analysis
174
5.4.2 Revision
176
5.5 "Affected"
186
5.6 Alternatives
189
5.7 Summary
194
6 Topic and relative constructions 197
6.1 Topic structures
199
6.1.1 Movement or not?
202
6.1.2 Island conditions
207
6.2 Relative structures
212
6.2.1 Distribution and interpretation
214
6.2.2 Movement
218
6.2.3 Base generation
221
6.2.4 Relative operator
221
6.2.5 NP adjunction
228
6.3 Gapless structures
233
7 Questions 236
7.1 yes–no questions
238
7.2 Disjunctive questions
242
7.3 A-not-A questions
244
7.3.1 Three types of A-not-A questions
245
7.3.2 A-not-A questions: a modular approach
250
7.3.3 Explaining the differences
254
7.3.4 VP-neg questions
257
7.3.5 Summary
260
7.4 wh-questions
260
7.4.1 A movement approach to wh-in-situ
261
7.4.2 LF movement: some problems and alternatives
266
7.4.3 LF Subjacency and pied-piping
268
7.4.4 Non-movement and unselective binding
273
7.5 Summary
282
8 Nominal expressions 283
8.1 The issues
284
8.2 Projecting a DP – referential and quantity expressions
287
8.2.1 Number expressions as indefinite and quantity expressions
288
8.2.2 Quantity vs. indefiniteness
289
8.2.3 Number phrase and determiner phrase
291
8.2.4 Comparison with indefinite wh-elements
292
8.2.5 Comparison with you expressions
293
8.2.6 Prohibition against an indefinite subject/topic
294
8.2.7 Summary
295
8.3 Order and constituency within a DP
295
8.3.1 Demonstratives
296
8.3.2 Pronouns
297
8.3.3 Proper names
299
8.3.4 Common nouns
301
8.3.5 Not appositives or adverbials
303
8.3.6 Summary
306
8.4 Extension and revision: plurality
306
8.4.1 Some puzzles about -men
307
8.4.2 Plural feature as head of NumP
311
8.4.3 Proper name + pronoun + demonstrative
315
8.5 Summary and some empirical complications
317
8.5.1 Non-quantity indefinite nominals in subject position
318
8.5.2 Non-root clauses, generic NPs
325
9 Anaphora 329
9.1 Binding Theory in Chinese
330
9.1.1 Reflexives and Principle A
330
9.1.2 Pronouns and Principle B
332
9.1.3 Principles C and D
333
9.2 The bare reflexive ziji
336
9.2.1 Two approaches to the long-distance ziji
337
9.2.2 Logophoricity and anaphoricity
344
9.2.3 Logophoricity: syntax and semantics
350
9.3 Bound anaphora and donkey anaphora
353
9.3.1 Pronouns in coreference or as bound variables
353
9.3.2 Variable binding: scope, accessibility, and disjointness
354
9.3.3 Indefinites and donkey anaphora
362
9.4 Summary and conclusion
370
References 372
Index 389
JAMES HUANG is a Professor in the Department of Linguistics at Harvard University. AUDREY LI is a Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Southern California. YAFEI LI is a Professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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