| Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
| Abbreviations |
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xi | |
| Introduction |
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xiii | |
| Comparing and contrasting English, Polish, and Hungarian |
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xiv | |
| Structure of the current work |
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xiv | |
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Part I A theory of missing objects |
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Chapter 1 Missing objects in English, Polish, and Hungarian: Developing a theoretical analysis |
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3 | (24) |
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1.1 Modelling missing objects: Previous approaches |
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4 | (12) |
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1.1.1 Structures with missing objects are unergative |
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4 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Missing objects are null variables bound by a null topic |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Missing objects are null pronouns linked to a projection in the left periphery |
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7 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Missing objects are pro |
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8 | (2) |
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1.1.5 Missing objects are deleted full NPs/DPs |
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10 | (1) |
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1.1.6 Missing objects are inside deleted VPs in verb-standing VP ellipsis |
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11 | (3) |
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1.1.7 Missing objects are the feature complex {[ D], [ φ]} or {[ φ]} |
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14 | (1) |
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1.1.8 Missing objects are null bare nouns |
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15 | (1) |
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1.1.9 Missing objects are represented by the nominal categorial feature |
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15 | (1) |
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1.2 Lexical encoding of object drop |
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16 | (5) |
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1.3 Present analysis: Conclusions from the data |
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21 | (2) |
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1.4 Present analysis: Basic assumptions |
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23 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Indefinite missing objects |
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27 | (32) |
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2.1 A transitive analysis of indefinite object drop |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2 Indefinite missing objects as n |
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29 | (14) |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (3) |
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2.2.3 Indefinite missing objects and incorporation |
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37 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Syntactic activity of the missing object |
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39 | (4) |
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2.3 The manner and result components of verb meaning |
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43 | (3) |
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2.4 Summary and extensions |
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46 | (13) |
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2.4.1 Extensions: Arbitrary missing objects and control |
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47 | (6) |
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2.4.2 Extensions: Read ø versus kan-shu `read-book' |
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53 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Definite missing objects |
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59 | (32) |
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3.1 Definite missing objects as partial pronominal structures |
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60 | (1) |
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3.2 The structure of pronouns in English, Polish, and Hungarian |
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61 | (6) |
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3.3 Definite missing objects: Syntactic representation, silence, and interpretation |
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67 | (20) |
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3.3.1 Definite missing objects in English |
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68 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Definite missing objects in Polish |
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70 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Definite missing objects in Hungarian |
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72 | (2) |
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3.3.3.1 Missing objects and verbal conjugation |
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74 | (5) |
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3.3.3.2 [ PL] marker as the blocking factor |
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79 | (4) |
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3.3.3.3 First/second-person plural objects |
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83 | (3) |
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3.3.4 An alternative: Null D in English and Polish |
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86 | (1) |
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3.4 Definite missing objects as n or DP: Conclusion |
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87 | (4) |
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Part II The phenomenon: Further empirical facts and theoretical considerations |
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Chapter 4 Interpretive properties of missing objects |
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91 | (42) |
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4.1 General introduction: Anaphoricity and definiteness |
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92 | (4) |
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4.2 Non-anaphoric missing objects |
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96 | (17) |
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4.2.1 Analytical possibilities: Lexical ambiguity |
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100 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Analytical possibilities: Syntactic transitivity |
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102 | (6) |
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4.2.3 Analytical possibilities: Antipassive |
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108 | (1) |
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4.2.4 A special case: Human object |
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109 | (3) |
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4.2.5 A special case: Characteristic property of the instrument |
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112 | (1) |
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4.3 Anaphoric missing objects |
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113 | (16) |
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4.3.1 Anaphoric missing objects in Polish |
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119 | (6) |
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4.3.2 Anaphoric missing objects in Hungarian |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (1) |
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4.5 Problems of interpretation: Win ø |
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130 | (2) |
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4.6 Conclusion and outlook |
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132 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Missing objects: The licensing and constraining factors |
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133 | (38) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Selectional restrictions |
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134 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Meaning components: Manner and result |
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136 | (5) |
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5.3 Features of the predicate/sentence |
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141 | (21) |
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5.3.1 Aktionsart, telicity, and grammatical aspect in English, Polish, and Hungarian: Some basic facts and observations |
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141 | (11) |
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5.3.2 Interactions with object drop |
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152 | (10) |
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5.4 Licensing of missing objects by syntactic and information-structural environment |
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162 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Habituality, genericity, iterativity |
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165 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Contrast, emphasis on the action, verb sequences, and stress on an element other than the object |
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167 | (1) |
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5.5 Conclusion and outlook |
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168 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Conclusions and extensions |
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171 | (8) |
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6.1 Missing objects: language similarity and language variation |
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171 | (5) |
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6.1.1 Intra-linguistic variation |
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174 | (2) |
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6.2 Missing objects and language acquisition |
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176 | (3) |
| References |
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179 | (14) |
| Language Index |
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193 | (2) |
| Subject Index |
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195 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta