Preface |
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xi | |
1 Tribological Assessment on Accelerated Aging Bones in Polymeric Condition |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (5) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Phase II: Design of Experiment |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Phase III: Conduct of Experiment |
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5 | (3) |
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1.3.4 Phase IV: Observation and Analysis |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4 Results and Discussion |
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9 | (19) |
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1.4.1 Accelerated Weathering Study |
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9 | (3) |
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1.4.2 Effects of Increase in Temperature and Decrease in Relative Humidity (RH) on Maximum Load Withstood by Bone |
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12 | (3) |
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1.4.3 Comparison of Bovine and Goat Bone Strength at Normal and Increased Temperatures |
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15 | (13) |
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28 | (1) |
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1.A Relative Humidity Chart |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (4) |
2 Nanofracture and Wear Testing on Natural Bones |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (5) |
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38 | (4) |
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2.3 Results and Discussion |
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42 | (9) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
3 Tribological Behaviors of Glass Fiber with Fillers Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites |
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53 | (18) |
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53 | (1) |
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3.2 Wear and Mechanisms of Wear |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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3.3 Tribo Wear Test Methods |
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55 | (2) |
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3.3.1 Wear and Friction Test Using Pin-on-disk |
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55 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Wear and Friction Test Using Ball-on-disk |
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57 | (1) |
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3.4 Tribo Characterization Hybrid Polymer Composites |
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57 | (12) |
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3.4.1 Polyamide 6 and HDPE Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites |
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57 | (5) |
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3.4.2 Silicon Carbide, Graphite Particle, and Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites |
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62 | (5) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
4 Tribological Characterization of Jute/Glass Hybrid Composites |
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71 | (12) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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4.3 Results and Discussion |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (3) |
5 Glass Fiber Hybrid Effects in Assessing the Abrasive Wear Mechanisms of Naturally Woven Fabric/Polymer Composites Under Dry Conditions |
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83 | (14) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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84 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Fiber Surface Treatment |
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84 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Composite Fabrication |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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5.3 Results and Discussion |
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87 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Mechanical Properties |
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87 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Hardness (Shore-D) of Composites |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (5) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
6 Wear Properties of Acid and Silane Modified CNT Filled Hybrid Glass/Kenaf Epoxy Composites |
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97 | (18) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Fabrication of Epoxy/Kenaf/Glass Fiber/CNT Composites |
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100 | (1) |
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6.2.2.1 Acid Treatment and Silane Modification Process on CNT |
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100 | (1) |
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6.2.2.2 Fabrication of the Composites |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Characterization of the Abraded Surface of the Composites |
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101 | (1) |
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6.3 Results and Discussion |
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101 | (10) |
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6.3.1 The Effect of Incorporating PCNT to Hybrid Glass/Kenaf Composites on the Wear Properties of the Composites |
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101 | (6) |
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6.3.2 The Effect of Incorporating ACNT and SCNT to Glass/Kenaf Composite on the Wear Properties of the Composites |
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107 | (4) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (3) |
7 Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites as a Friction Material |
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115 | (24) |
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7.1 Friction Material Components |
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115 | (3) |
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7.1.1 Friction Materials Requirements |
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116 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Braking Test Procedures |
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117 | (1) |
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7.2 Natural Fibers Used in Friction Materials Composites |
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118 | (17) |
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135 | (4) |
8 Comparative Wear Model on Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites as Substitutions for UHMWPE Made Knee Implants |
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139 | (24) |
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139 | (9) |
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8.1.1 Basics of Reinforced Polymers, Composites, and Their Testing |
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139 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Classification of Polymers |
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139 | (3) |
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8.1.3 Classification of Composites |
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142 | (3) |
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8.1.4 Basics of Tribo-testing |
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145 | (2) |
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8.1.5 Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites and Their Possible Use in Total Knee Replacements (TKR) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (8) |
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149 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Force Modeling for Wear Equation |
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150 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Slide-Roll Modeling for Wear Equation |
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152 | (5) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (4) |
9 Fabrication and Tribological Behavior of Epoxy Hybrid Composites |
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163 | (34) |
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163 | (5) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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9.1.2.1 Fiber Reinforcements |
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164 | (2) |
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9.1.2.2 Particulate Reinforcements |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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9.2 Materials and Methods |
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168 | (8) |
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168 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Reinforcement Materials |
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168 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Particulate Fillers |
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169 | (2) |
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9.2.3.1 Molybdenum Disulfide |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Composite Fabrication |
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171 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Dry Sliding Wear Test |
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172 | (2) |
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9.2.6 Three-Body Abrasive Wear Test |
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174 | (2) |
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9.3 Results and Discussion |
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176 | (16) |
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9.3.1 Dry Sliding Wear Performance of Carbon-Epoxy Composites |
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176 | (8) |
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176 | (3) |
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9.3.1.2 Specific Wear Rate |
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179 | (2) |
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9.3.1.3 Coefficient of Friction |
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181 | (2) |
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9.3.1.4 Worn Surface Morphology |
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183 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Abrasive Wear Performance |
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184 | (16) |
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9.3.2.1 Abrasive Wear Volume Loss |
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184 | (2) |
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9.3.2.2 Specific Wear Rate |
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186 | (1) |
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9.3.2.3 Consequences of Factors on Wear Volume Loss |
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187 | (1) |
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9.3.2.4 Worn Surface Morphology |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
10 Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Copper Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite |
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197 | (18) |
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Sundaresan Thirumalai Kumaran |
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197 | (3) |
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10.2 Materials and Methods |
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200 | (3) |
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200 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Preparation of the Composite by Powder Metallurgy Process |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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10.3 Results and Discussion |
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203 | (7) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (4) |
11 Morphological Examination of Worn out Surfaces of Basalt Fiber-PEI Composites with Varying Loading Conditions |
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215 | (12) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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11.3 Fabrication of the Composite Materials |
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216 | (1) |
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11.4 Testing of Composite Materials |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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11.5 Results and Discussion |
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218 | (5) |
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11.5.1 Wear Performance of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite |
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218 | (3) |
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11.5.2 Morphological Analysis of Worn out Samples |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (2) |
Index |
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227 | |