Preface |
|
xi | |
|
1 Introduction to System Engineering |
|
|
1 | (52) |
|
1.1 Definition of a System |
|
|
2 | (7) |
|
1.1.1 The Characteristics of a System |
|
|
2 | (3) |
|
1.1.2 Categories of Systems |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
1.1.3 System of Systems (SOS) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
1.2 The Current Environment: Some Challenges |
|
|
9 | (6) |
|
1.3 The Need for System Engineering |
|
|
15 | (19) |
|
1.3.1 The System Life Cycle |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
1.3.2 Definition of System Engineering |
|
|
18 | (7) |
|
1.3.3 Requirements for System Engineering |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
1.3.4 System Architecture |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
1.3.7 Some Additional System Models |
|
|
28 | (4) |
|
1.3.8 System Engineering in the Life Cycle (Some Applications) |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
1.4 Related Terms and Definitions |
|
|
34 | (13) |
|
1.4.1 Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
1.4.2 Some Major Supporting Design Disciplines |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
1.4.3 Logistics and Supply-Chain Management (SCM) |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
1.4.4 Integrated System Maintenance and Support |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
1.4.5 Data and Information Management |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
1.4.6 Configuration Management (CM) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
1.4.7 Total Quality Management (TQM) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
1.4.8 Total System Value and Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
1.4.9 Some Additional Terms And Definitions |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
1.5 System Engineering Management |
|
|
47 | (4) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
2 The System Engineering Process |
|
|
53 | (72) |
|
2.1 Definition of the Problem (Current Deficiency) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
2.2 System Requirements (Needs Analysis) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
2.3 System Feasibility Analysis |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
2.4 System Operational Requirements |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
2.5 The Logistics and Maintenance Support Concept |
|
|
62 | (7) |
|
2.6 Identification and Prioritization of Technical Performance Measures (TPMs) |
|
|
69 | (5) |
|
|
74 | (16) |
|
2.7.1 Functional Flow Block Diagrams (FFBDs) |
|
|
77 | (3) |
|
2.7.2 Operational Functions |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
2.7.3 Maintenance and Support Functions |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
2.7.4 Application of Functional Analysis |
|
|
81 | (7) |
|
2.7.5 Interfaces with Other Systems in a SOS Configuration |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
2.8 Requirements Allocation |
|
|
90 | (7) |
|
2.8.1 Functional Packaging and Partitioning |
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
2.8.2 Allocation of System-Level Requirements to the Subsystem Level and Below |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
2.8.3 Traceability of Requirements (Top-Down/Bottom-Up) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
2.8.4 Allocation of Requirements in a SOS Configuration |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
2.9 System Synthesis, Analysis, and Design Optimization |
|
|
97 | (8) |
|
|
105 | (3) |
|
2.11 System Test and Evaluation |
|
|
108 | (9) |
|
2.11.1 Categories of Test and Evaluation |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
2.11.2 Integrated Test Planning |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
2.11.3 Preparation for Test and Evaluation |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
2.11.4 Test Performance, Data Collection, Analysis, and Validation |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
2.11.5 System Modifications |
|
|
115 | (2) |
|
2.12 Production and/or Construction |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
2.13 System Operational Use and Sustaining Support |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
2.14 System Retirement and Material Recycling/Disposal |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (4) |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
3 System Design Requirements |
|
|
125 | (98) |
|
3.1 Development of Design Requirements and Design-To Criteria |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
3.2 Development of Specifications |
|
|
129 | (6) |
|
3.3 The Integration of System Design Activities |
|
|
135 | (4) |
|
3.4 Selected Design Engineering Disciplines |
|
|
139 | (76) |
|
3.4.1 Software Engineering |
|
|
139 | (5) |
|
3.4.2 Reliability Engineering |
|
|
144 | (15) |
|
3.4.3 Maintainability Engineering |
|
|
159 | (15) |
|
3.4.4 Human-Factors Engineering |
|
|
174 | (11) |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
3.4.6 Security Engineering |
|
|
187 | (2) |
|
3.4.7 Manufacturing and Production Engineering |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
3.4.8 Logistics and Supportability Engineering |
|
|
191 | (8) |
|
3.4.9 Disposability Engineering |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
3.4.10 Quality Engineering |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
3.4.11 Environmental Engineering |
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
3.4.12 Value/Cost Engineering (Life-Cycle Costing) |
|
|
207 | (8) |
|
3.5 SOS Integration and Interoperability Requirements |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (7) |
|
|
219 | (4) |
|
4 Engineering Design Methods and Tools |
|
|
223 | (28) |
|
4.1 Conventional Design Practices |
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
4.3 Information Technology, the Internet, and Emerging Technologies |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
4.4 Current Design Technologies and Tools |
|
|
231 | (6) |
|
4.4.1 The Use of Simulation in System Engineering |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
4.4.2 The Use of Rapid Prototyping |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
4.4.3 The Use of Mock-Ups |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
4.5 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) |
|
|
237 | (8) |
|
4.6 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
4.7 Computer-Aided Support (CAS) |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
|
248 | (3) |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
5 Design Review and Evaluation |
|
|
251 | (24) |
|
5.1 Design Review and Evaluation Requirements |
|
|
252 | (4) |
|
5.2 Informal Day-to-Day Review and Evaluation |
|
|
256 | (6) |
|
5.3 Formal Design Reviews |
|
|
262 | (7) |
|
5.3.1 Conceptual Design Review |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
5.3.2 System Design Reviews |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
5.3.3 Equipment/Software Design Reviews |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
5.3.4 Critical Design Review |
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
5.4 The Design Change and System Modification Process |
|
|
269 | (3) |
|
5.5 Supplier Review and Evaluation |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
6 System Engineering Program Planning |
|
|
275 | (97) |
|
6.1 System Engineering Program Requirements |
|
|
278 | (4) |
|
6.1.1 The Need for Early System Planning |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
6.1.2 Determination of Program Requirements |
|
|
280 | (2) |
|
6.2 System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) |
|
|
282 | (50) |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Definition of System Engineering Functions and Tasks |
|
|
286 | (7) |
|
6.2.3 System Engineering Organization |
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
6.2.4 Development of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) |
|
|
296 | (7) |
|
6.2.5 Specification/Documentation Tree |
|
|
303 | (6) |
|
6.2.6 Technical Performance Measures (TPM) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
6.2.7 Development of Program Schedules |
|
|
310 | (14) |
|
6.2.8 Preparation of Cost Projections |
|
|
324 | (4) |
|
6.2.9 Program Technical Reviews and Audits |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
6.2.10 Program Reporting Requirements |
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
6.3 Determination of Outsourcing Requirements |
|
|
332 | (21) |
|
6.3.1 Identification of Potential Suppliers |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
6.3.2 Development of a Request for Proposal (RFP) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
6.3.3 Review and Evaluation of Supplier Proposals |
|
|
337 | (7) |
|
6.3.4 Selection of Suppliers and Contract Negotiation |
|
|
344 | (7) |
|
6.3.5 Supplier Monitoring and Control |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
6.4 Integration of Design Specialty Plans |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
6.5 Interfaces with Other Program Activities |
|
|
355 | (5) |
|
6.5.1 Interface Management |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
6.6 Management Methods/Tools |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (5) |
|
6.8 Global Applications/Relationships |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (5) |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
7 Organization for System Engineering |
|
|
372 | (54) |
|
7.1 Developing the Organizational Structure |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
7.2 Customer, Producer, and Supplier Relationships |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
7.3 Customer Organization and Functions |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
7.4 Producer Organization and Functions (the Contractor) |
|
|
378 | (18) |
|
7.4.1 Functional Organization Structure |
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
7.4.2 Product-Line/Project Organization Structure |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
7.4.3 Matrix Organizational Structure |
|
|
384 | (3) |
|
7.4.4 Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
7.4.5 Integrated Product/Process Teams (IPTs) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
7.4.6 System Engineering Organization |
|
|
390 | (6) |
|
7.5 Tailoring the Process |
|
|
396 | (10) |
|
7.5.1 Tailoring the Process |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
7.5.2 Middle-Out Approach |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
7.5.3 Managing from the Middle |
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
7.6 Supplier Organization and Functions |
|
|
406 | (5) |
|
7.6.1 Mapping Organization and Systems Structures |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
7.7 Human Resource Requirements |
|
|
411 | (12) |
|
7.7.1 Creating the Proper Organizational Environment |
|
|
411 | (3) |
|
7.7.2 Leadership Characteristics |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
7.7.3 The Needs of the Individual |
|
|
415 | (4) |
|
7.7.4 Staffing the Organization |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
7.7.5 Personnel Development and Training |
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
8 System Engineering Program Evaluation |
|
|
426 | (14) |
|
8.1 Evaluation Requirements |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (3) |
|
8.3 Evaluation of the System Engineering Organization |
|
|
431 | (6) |
|
8.4 Program Reporting, Feedback, and Control |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
Appendix A Functional Analysis (Case-Study Examples) |
|
440 | (7) |
Appendix B Cost Process and Models |
|
447 | (34) |
Appendix C Selected Case Studies (Nine Examples) |
|
481 | (48) |
Appendix D Design Review Checklist |
|
529 | (1) |
Appendix E Supplier Evaluation Checklist |
|
530 | (1) |
Appendix F Selected Bibliography |
|
531 | (8) |
Index |
|
539 | |