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PART I Ophthalmic Dispensing |
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2 | (10) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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Allergic Reactions to Frame Materials |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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2 Frame Measurements and Markings |
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12 | (6) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Distance Between Lenses (DBL) or Bridge Size |
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12 | (1) |
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Geometric Center Distance (GCD) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Fitting Cross Heights for Progressive Addition Lenses |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Eye Size, DBL, and Temple Length |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Frame Manufacturer Name, Color, Country of Origin, and Frame Name |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Gold Classifications for Metal Frames With Gold Content |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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3 Measuring the Interpupillary Distance |
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18 | (10) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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Measuring Near PD With a PD Ruler |
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22 | (1) |
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Taking Near PD Using a Pupillometer |
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23 | (1) |
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Using the Near PD for Bifocal Segment Inset |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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Examples for Finding the Near PD |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (15) |
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Using the Wearer's Old Frame |
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28 | (1) |
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Factors to Consider Before Using the Wearer's Old Frames |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Frame Shape and Face Shape |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Selecting Frames for the Progressive Addition Lens Wearer |
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33 | (1) |
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Selecting Frames for the High Minus Wearer |
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34 | (1) |
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Selecting Frames for the High Plus Wearer |
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35 | (2) |
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Selecting Frames for Children |
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37 | (1) |
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Selecting Frames for Older Wearers |
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38 | (1) |
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Selecting Frames for Safety Eyewear |
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39 | (1) |
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Devices That Help in the Frame Selection Process |
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39 | (1) |
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Closing the Frame Selection Process |
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39 | (1) |
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A Word on Frame Management |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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5 Reference Point Placement, Multifocal Height, and Blank Size Determination |
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43 | (21) |
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43 | (1) |
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Optical Centering for Single-Vision Lenses |
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43 | (1) |
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Horizontal Placement of the Lenses in the Frame |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (4) |
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49 | (1) |
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Measuring for Multifocal Heights |
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49 | (1) |
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Measuring for Progressive Addition Lenses |
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49 | (1) |
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Measuring for Bifocal Lenses |
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49 | (3) |
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Comparison With Old Lenses |
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52 | (1) |
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Measuring for Double Segs |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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Influence of Vertex Distance and Pantoscopic Angle on Apparent Seg Height |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Compensating for an Incorrectly Sized Sample Frame |
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58 | (1) |
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When the Eye Size Is Incorrect |
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59 | (1) |
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If the Correct Bridge Size Is Unavailable |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Instructing the New Bifocal Wearer |
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59 | (1) |
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Determining Lens Blank Size |
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59 | (1) |
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Minimum Blank Size (MBS) for Single-Vision Lenses |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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6 Ordering and Verification |
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64 | (24) |
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64 | (1) |
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General Procedures for Forms |
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64 | (1) |
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Reordering From Existing Spectacles |
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64 | (1) |
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Obtaining Lens Information for Existing Spectacles |
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64 | (1) |
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Obtaining Prescription Information for Single-Vision Lenses |
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65 | (4) |
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Obtaining Prescription Information for Multifocal Lenses |
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69 | (3) |
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Identifying Multifocal Segment Style and Size |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Identifying Other Lens Properties |
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74 | (1) |
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What to Keep in Mind When Ordering One Lens Instead of Two |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Ordering "Lenses Only" Using a Remote Frame Tracer |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Verifying Lens Powers and Determining Error Tolerances |
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76 | (3) |
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Verifying for Prescribed Prism |
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79 | (4) |
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Verifying Lens Segments and Surfaces |
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83 | (1) |
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Verification of Frames and Quality of Mounting |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (15) |
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An Overview of Inserting Lenses Into Plastic Frames |
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88 | (1) |
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Lens Insertion Into Normal Plastic (Cellulose Acetate) Frames |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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Adapting for a Lens That Is Too Small |
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90 | (1) |
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Checks After Lens Insertion |
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90 | (2) |
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Checking a Bifocal or Progressive Addition Lens |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Insertion Into a Cellulose Propionate Frame |
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93 | (1) |
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Insertion Into a Carbon Fiber Frame |
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94 | (1) |
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Insertion Into a Polyamide Frame |
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94 | (1) |
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Insertion Into a Polycarbonate Frame |
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94 | (1) |
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Insertion Into a Kevlar Frame |
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94 | (1) |
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Insertion Into an Optyl Frame |
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94 | (1) |
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Lens Insertion Into a Metal Frame |
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95 | (1) |
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Lens Insertion Into A Nylon Cord Frame |
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96 | (1) |
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Replacing a Nylon Cord of Unknown Length |
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96 | (3) |
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Replacing an Old or Broken Nylon Cord |
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99 | (1) |
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Cautions for Lenses With Thin Edges |
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99 | (1) |
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Retightening a Loose Nylon Cord Lens |
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100 | (1) |
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Nylon Cord Frames With Liners |
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100 | (1) |
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Frames With Metal "Cords" for Rims |
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100 | (1) |
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Cleaning Frames and Lenses |
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100 | (1) |
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Cleaning Instructions for Wearers |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (34) |
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Standard Alignment or "Truing" of Frames |
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103 | (1) |
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Section A Standard Alignment of Plastic Frames |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Vertical Alignment (Four-Point Touch) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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Open Temple Spread (Let-Back) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (4) |
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Section B Standard Alignment of Metal Frames |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Vertical Alignment (Four-Point Touch) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Temple Parallelism (Changing the Pantoscopic Angle) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Section C Standard Alignment of Nose Pads |
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124 | (1) |
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Frontal Angle (Viewed From the Front) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Splay Angle (Viewed From the Bottom or Top) |
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125 | (1) |
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Vertical Angle (Viewed From the Side) |
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126 | (1) |
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Pads Must Have Equal Distances From the Frame Front |
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126 | (1) |
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A Humorous Way to Remember the Three Pad Angles |
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127 | (1) |
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Section D Standard Alignment of Rimless Eyewear |
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127 | (1) |
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Rimless Construction and Lens Materials |
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127 | (1) |
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Appropriate Lens Materials |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Vertical Alignment (Four-Point Touch) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Other Rimless Adjustments |
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133 | (1) |
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Rimless Nose Pad Alignment |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (32) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Achieving the Proper Temple Spread |
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137 | (1) |
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Temples Not Spread Enough |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Fitting Straight-Back and Skull Temples |
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140 | (1) |
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Positioning the Temple Bend |
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141 | (4) |
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145 | (1) |
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Riding Bow and Cable Temples |
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146 | (1) |
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Hearing Aids and Fitting Eyewear |
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146 | (1) |
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General Instructions to the Wearer on Frame Handling |
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146 | (1) |
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Fitting Adjustable Nose Pads |
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147 | (1) |
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Proper Pad Angles for Adjustable Pads |
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148 | (1) |
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Achieving the Proper Pad Angles for Adjustable Bridges |
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148 | (1) |
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When Pad Angles Are Correct but Still Slide Down or Hurt |
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148 | (1) |
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Adjusting Pad Angles for Rimless or Semirimless Mountings |
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149 | (1) |
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Frame Height and Vertex Distance |
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149 | (1) |
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Achieving the Correct Frame Height |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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Adjusting Nose Pads With Inverted U-Shaped Pad Arms |
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152 | (1) |
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Changing the Distance Between Pads for "Inverted U-Shaped" Pad Arms |
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152 | (1) |
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Moving the Frame Left or Right |
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152 | (2) |
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Changing Frame Height but Not Vertex Distance |
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154 | (1) |
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Changing Vertex Distance but Not Height |
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155 | (1) |
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Adjusting Nose Pads With Question Mark--Style Pad Arms |
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156 | (1) |
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Changing the Distance Between Pads for Question Mark-Style Pad Arms |
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156 | (5) |
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Moving the Frame With Question Mark--Style Pad Arms Left or Right |
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161 | (1) |
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Changing Frame Height but Not Vertex Distance for Question Mark--Style Pad Arms |
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161 | (2) |
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Increasing Only the Vertex Distance for Frames With Question Mark--Style Pad Arms |
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163 | (1) |
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Decreasing Only the Vertex Distance for Frames With Question Mark--Style Pad Arms |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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10 Frame Repairs and Modifications |
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169 | (37) |
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Screw Replacements and Repairs |
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169 | (1) |
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Correctly Using an Optical Screwdriver |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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Replacing a Spring Hinge Screw |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (1) |
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Replacing a Missing Screw |
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173 | (1) |
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Finding a Screw from Inventory |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (1) |
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Rimless Compression Mountings |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Replacing Adjustable Pads with Strap Bridges |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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Replacing Missing or Broken Temples |
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186 | (1) |
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Replacing Plastic Earpiece Covers on Metal Temples |
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186 | (1) |
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Adding Covers to Cable Temple Earpieces |
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186 | (1) |
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Covering the Temples to Reduce Allergic Reactions |
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186 | (1) |
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Lengthening and Shortening of Metal Temples |
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187 | (1) |
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Changing Cable Temple Lengths |
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188 | (1) |
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Converting Standard Plastic Temples to Cable-Style Temples |
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188 | (1) |
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Shortening Plastic Temples |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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Adding Nose Pads to Plastic Frames |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Lower Lens Edge Appears Out of the Frame |
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198 | (1) |
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Upper Lens Edge Appears Out of the Frame |
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198 | (1) |
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When the Lens Is Too Small for a Plastic Frame |
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198 | (1) |
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When the Lens Is Too Small for a Metal Frame |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Restoring Finish on Optyl Frame Material |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (5) |
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PART II Ophthalmic Lenses |
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11 Review of Elementary Mathematical Principles |
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206 | (10) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Positive and Negative Numbers |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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The Cartesian Coordinate System |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (3) |
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12 Characteristics of Ophthalmic Lenses |
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216 | (28) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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The Speed of Light and Refractive Index |
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216 | (1) |
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Refractive Index Is Wavelength Specific |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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When Light Goes Straight Through Parallel Surfaces |
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220 | (1) |
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How Curved Lenses Refract Light |
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221 | (1) |
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Refraction of Multiple Light Rays |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Focal Points and Distances |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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Convex and Concave Surfaces |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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Positive Lenses and Real Images |
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224 | (1) |
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Minus Lenses and Virtual Images |
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224 | (1) |
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Surface Power and the Lensmaker's Formula |
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225 | (1) |
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The Action of a Lens on Nonparallel Light |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (3) |
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Spheres, Cylinders, and Spherocylinders |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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The Problem of Astigmatism |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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Spherocylindrical Combinations |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Lens Forms a Sphere May Take |
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232 | (1) |
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Lens Forms a Cylinder May Take |
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233 | (4) |
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Lens Forms a Spherocylinder May Take |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (3) |
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13 Lens Curvature and Thickness |
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244 | (32) |
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Categories of Ophthalmic Lenses |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Segmented Multifocal Lenses |
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244 | (1) |
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Progressive Addition Lenses |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Single-Vision Lens Curves |
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244 | (3) |
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Segmented Multifocal Lens Base Curves |
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247 | (1) |
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Progressive Lens Base Curves |
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247 | (1) |
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Measurement of Lens Curvature |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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The Sagittal Depth Formula |
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248 | (1) |
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Using the Lens Clock to Find the Nominal Power of a Lens |
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249 | (1) |
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Use of the Lens Clock With Multifocal Lenses |
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250 | (1) |
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Why Measured Base Curves Do Not Always Come Out as Expected |
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250 | (3) |
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When to Specify Base Curve |
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253 | (1) |
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When Not to Specify Base Curve |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | |
|
Adding Cylinders Having the Same Axis or With Axes |
|
|
90 | (164) |
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254 | (1) |
|
Jackson Crossed Cylinders |
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255 | (1) |
|
Obliquely Crossed Cylinders |
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256 | (5) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
|
Thickness of Meniscus Lenses |
|
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263 | (1) |
|
Concepts in Understanding Lens Thickness |
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263 | (5) |
|
Determining Lens Diameter for Noncentered Lenses |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Estimating Edge Thickness |
|
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269 | (1) |
|
Curvature in an Oblique Meridian |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Using Sine-Squared 9 to Find the "Power" of the Cylinder in an Oblique Meridian |
|
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (4) |
|
14 Optical Considerations With Increasing Lens Power |
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276 | (11) |
|
Lens Power as Related to Position |
|
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276 | (1) |
|
Positional Lens Power Problems |
|
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276 | (1) |
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Effective and Compensated Powers |
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276 | (1) |
|
Power as Related to Vertex Distance Changes |
|
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277 | (1) |
|
Compensated Power of a Spherocylinder Lens |
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277 | (2) |
|
Compensated Power Written as a Formula |
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279 | (1) |
|
As Lens Thickness Increases |
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279 | (1) |
|
How Vergence Changes in Higher Index Materials |
|
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279 | (1) |
|
Vergence Changes as Light Travels Through a Lens |
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280 | (1) |
|
Using Reduced Thickness to Find Thick Lens Power |
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281 | (1) |
|
Front and Back Vertex Powers |
|
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282 | (1) |
|
Calculating Front and Back Vertex Powers |
|
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282 | (2) |
|
Which Powers Will Be Greater? |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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15 Optical Prism: Power and Base Direction |
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287 | (22) |
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287 | (1) |
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The Relationship Between Prism Apical Angle and Deviation of Light |
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287 | (1) |
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Simplifying for Thin Prisms |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
|
Finding Prism Displacement for Any Distance |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
|
How to Specify Prism Base Direction |
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293 | (4) |
|
Prism Base Direction for Paired Lenses |
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297 | (1) |
|
Compounding and Resolving Prism |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Combining Two Obliquely Crossed Prisms |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (2) |
|
How the Effective Power of a Prism Changes for Near Objects |
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303 | (2) |
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Important Notes on Effective Prism Power From a Clinical Perspective |
|
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (3) |
|
16 Optical Prism: Decentration and Thickness |
|
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309 | (17) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
|
Prism Amount Calculation Using Prentice's Rule |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Prism Base Direction With Decentration |
|
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310 | (2) |
|
Horizontal and Vertical Decentration of Spheres |
|
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312 | (1) |
|
Decentration of Cylinders |
|
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313 | (1) |
|
Decentration of Cylinders Along Major Meridians |
|
|
313 | (2) |
|
Decentration of Cylinders Oriented Obliquely |
|
|
315 | (3) |
|
Horizontal and Vertical Decentration of Oblique Cylinders |
|
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318 | (1) |
|
Decentration of Spherocylinders |
|
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318 | (1) |
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Spherocylinders With Axes 090 or 180 |
|
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318 | (1) |
|
Spherocylinders With an Oblique Axis |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Ground-in Prism Versus Prism by Decentration |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
|
Thickness Differences Between Prism Base and Apex |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
How Prescribed Prism Affects Lens Thickness |
|
|
321 | (2) |
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|
323 | (3) |
|
17 Fresnel Prisms and Lenses |
|
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326 | (6) |
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326 | (1) |
|
What Are the Advantages of a Fresnel Prism? |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
What Are the Disadvantages of a Fresnel Prism? |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
When Are Fresnel Prisms Used? |
|
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (3) |
|
Cosmetics of Nonseeing Eyes |
|
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
|
When Are Fresnel Lenses Used? |
|
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329 | (1) |
|
How Should a Fresnel Lens or Prism Be Applied to a Spectacle Lens? |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
How Should Fresnel Lenses or Prisms Be Cleaned? |
|
|
330 | (1) |
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|
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331 | (1) |
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|
331 | (1) |
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|
332 | (27) |
|
A Short History of Lens Development |
|
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (4) |
|
The Monochromatic Aberrations |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
The Five Seidel Aberrations |
|
|
337 | (5) |
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|
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342 | (1) |
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|
343 | (1) |
|
Manufacturers' Recommendations |
|
|
343 | (1) |
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|
343 | (1) |
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|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Considering Right and Left Lenses as a Pair |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Other Factors That Modify Base Curve Choice |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
What Is an Aspheric Lens? |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Purposes for Using an Aspheric Design |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Comparing the Construction of Spherically Based, Aspheric, and Atoric Lenses |
|
|
347 | (1) |
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|
|
347 | (1) |
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|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Working With Aspheric and Atoric Lenses |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Why Dispensing Rules Take on Special Importance for Aspheric Lenses |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
When to Recommend Aspheric Lenses |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
When to Recommend Atoric Lenses |
|
|
349 | (1) |
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|
349 | (1) |
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|
|
349 | (1) |
|
High-Index Aspheric/Atoric Lenses |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
High Plus Multidrop Lenses |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
A Theory for Myopia Development |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Spectacle Lens Designs for Controlling Myopia |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Lenses With Peripheral-Contrast--Reducing Dots |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Fitting Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
Alternatives to Spectacle Lenses |
|
|
354 | (1) |
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|
354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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|
354 | (2) |
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|
|
356 | (1) |
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|
|
356 | (3) |
|
19 Segmented Multifocal Lenses |
|
|
359 | (18) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
The Concept of a Near Addition |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
The Trifocal Intermediate |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
When to Use a Trifocal Lens |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
How Multifocal Lenses Are Constructed |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Types of Bifocal Segments |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Franklin-Style (Executive) Segments |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Franklin-Style (Executive) Trifocal Lenses |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Occupational Multifocal Lenses |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Solving Specialized Viewing Needs With Conventional Segmented Multifocal Lenses |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Ordering the Correct Lens Power for Reading Glasses |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Ordering the Correct Lens Power for Intermediate and Near Only |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Accommodation Through Spectacle Lenses |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Who Needs Bifocal or Progressive Lenses First, the |
|
|
|
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
How Contact Lenses Affect Required Accommodation |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
What Happens as Add Power Increases |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Determining Occupational Add Powers for New Working Distances |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Why Some Nonpresbyopes Need a Different Cylinder Correction for Near |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Creating Horizontal Prism at Near Only |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Large-Segment Flat Tops: Horizontal Prism at Near Using Segment Decentration |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Steps in Finding Segment Decentration and Size for Prism at Near |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
A Note About Minimum Segment Size |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Additional Comments on Prism at Near |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Ordering Horizontal Prism at Near |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
A Split Lens for Prism at Near |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Applicable for Any Horizontal Prism at Near |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (3) |
|
20 Progressive Addition Lenses |
|
|
377 | (32) |
|
Section 1 Measurement and Dispensing of Progressive Lenses |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Progressive Lens Construction |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Choosing the Right Type of Progressive Lens |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Measuring for and Ordering the Progressive Lens |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Standard Method for Taking Progressive Lens-Fitting Measurements |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Replacing One Lens Only (Relative Fitting Heights) |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Fitting Cross Heights for Children |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
Alternative Methods for Taking Progressive Lens-Fitting Measurements |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Using the Red Dot Procedure to Subjectively Verify Fitting Cross Positions |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Verifying a Progressive Lens |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Verifying Distance Power, Prism Amount, and Add Power |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Verifying Fitting Cross Height and Monocular Interpupillary Distances |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Locating the Alignment Reference Markings on a Progressive Lens |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Use an Instrument to Find the Semivisible Engravings |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Identifying an Unknown Progressive Lens |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Remarking a Lens Using the Alignment Reference Markings |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Dispensing Progressive Lenses |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Eliminating the Removable Markings |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Instructing the Wearer at Dispensing |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Troubleshooting Progressive Lens Problems |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Section 2 General Purpose Progressive Lenses |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Optical Characteristics of General Purpose Progressive Lenses |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Interrelating Progressive Lens Design Factors |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
The Use of Contour Plots to Evaluate Progressive Lenses |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
How Progressive Lens Designs Have Changed |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Spherical and Aspherical Distance Portions |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Monodesigns Lead to Multidesigns |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Progressive Lenses Should Be Uniquely Right and Left Specific |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
New Manufacturing Methods Allow New Lens Designs |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Designs Using Aspheric/Atoric Lens Surfacing Methods |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Position-of-Wear or As-Worn Lens Designs |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Measuring for Position-of-Wear Lenses |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Atoric Progressive Lenses |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Lens Pairs Designed With Binocularity in Mind |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Section 3 Specialty Progressive-Style Lenses |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Short Corridor Progressive Lenses |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
What Does the Lens Look Like Optically? |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
How Are Lens-Fitting Measurements Taken? |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
What Types of Power Boosts Are Available? |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Degressive Power Lenses Differ |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Power Changes in the Vertical Meridian |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Using First Principles for Matching a Degressive Power Lens to the Needs of the Wearer |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Fitting the Degressive Power Lens |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Section 4 Prism and Progressive Lenses |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Prism Thinning Causes Prism at the PRP |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
The Effect of Prescribed Prism on Progressive Lens-Fitting |
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
Prescribed Vertical Prism Changes Fitting Cross (and Bifocal) Heights |
|
|
402 | |
|
Prescribed Horizontal Prism Changes PD Measurements |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
When Might the Amount of Horizontal Prism Be Modified? |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (3) |
|
|
|
409 | (25) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Spectacle Magnification: How a Spectacle Lens Changes the Image Size |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Theoretically, What Was the Best Correction Thought to Be for Preventing Aniseikonia? |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Detecting Clinically Significant Aniseikonia |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Correcting Aniseikonia With Spectacle Lenses |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Using a "First Pass Method" to Prevent Possible Problems |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Making "Directionally Correct" Magnification Changes |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Estimating Percent Magnification Differences |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Measuring Percent Magnification Differences |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
How Helpful Is Correcting for Aniseikonia? |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Prismatic Effect of Lens Pairs |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Who Is Responsible for Correcting Vertical Imbalance? |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
When Is a Correction for Vertical Imbalance Needed? |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Correcting for Vertical Imbalance |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Dropping the Major Reference Point Height |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Slab Off (Bicentric Grinding) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Determining the Correct Amount of Compensation for Vertical Imbalance |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Determining the Reading Level |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Methods for Determining the Prism Correction Needed |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
How the Prescriber Determines the Needed Amount of Imbalance Correction |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
How to Use a Lensmeter to Determine the Amount of Imbalance |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
The Role of the Optical Laboratory in Determining Vertical Imbalance |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Correcting the Full Imbalance by Calculations |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Using Prentice's Rule to Calculate Vertical Imbalance for Spheres |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Using Prentice's Rule to Calculate Vertical Imbalance for Spherocylinders |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Using the Cosine-Squared Method to Find Vertical / Imbalance With Oblique Cylinders |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Fitting, Measuring, and Calculating for Slab Off With Progressive Add Lenses |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Reducing the Needed Amount of Correcting Prism |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Calculating Vertical Imbalance for Progressive Addition Lenses |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Where Should the Slab Line Be Positioned? |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Designing a Lens to Change the Appearance of a Blind Eye |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Changing the Apparent Size of the Eye |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Using a Lens to Camouflage Scars or Deformities |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Changing the Apparent Location of an Eye |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (4) |
|
|
|
434 | (35) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Problems of Uniform Transmission Inherent in Pretinted Glass Lenses |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
The Effect of Visible and Nonvisible Light on the Eye |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation |
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
The Effects of Short Wavelength Visible Light (Blue Light) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Infrared Radiation |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Required Amounts of Absorption |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
The Hazards of Too Much Tint |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Clear Crown Glass and CR-39 Plastic |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
Changing and Matching Colors |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Dyeing Polycarbonate and High-Index Lenses |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Scratch-Resistant Coatings |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (5) |
|
Caring for an Antireflection-Coated Lens |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Glass Photochromic Lenses |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Plastic Photochromic Lenses |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Factors Influencing Photochromic Lens Performance |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Types of Photochromic Lenses |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Colors for Photochromic Lenses |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
How Polarizing Lenses Work |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
When Should Polarizing Lenses Be Used? |
|
|
452 | (3) |
|
Two Methods for Demonstrating Polarizing Lenses |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Lenses Made to Block Short Wavelengths and Control Glare |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Disadvantages of Glare Control--Type Lenses |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
Specialty Absorptive Lenses |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Specialty Absorptive Lenses Use Specific Selective Absorption |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Types of Color Deficiency |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Colored Filters for Color Deficiency |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Notch Filters for Color Deficiency |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Sports and Sunwear Lenses With Notch Filters |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Shutter Glasses for Amblyopia |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Absorptive Lens Calculations |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
How Index of Refraction Affects the Transmission of a Spectacle Lens (the Fresnel Equation) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Why a Tinted Glass Lens Becomes Darker When Its Plus Power Increases (Lambert's Law of Absorption) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (3) |
|
23 Lens Materials, Safety Eyewear, and Sports Eyewear |
|
|
469 | (17) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Effect of Lens Coatings on Impact Resistance |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Effect of Surface Scratches on Impact Resistance |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
General Eyewear Categories |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Requirements for Dress Eyewear |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Food and Drug Administration |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Must Dress Ophthalmic Lenses Have a Minimum Thickness? |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Impact Resistance Test Requirements |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Individual Versus Batch Testing |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
ANSI Establishes and OSHA Regulates Safety Eyewear Standards |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Impact Ratings for Safety Eyewear |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Requirements for Nonimpact-Rated Prescription Safety Eyewear |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Requirements for Impact-Rated Prescription Safety Eyewear |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Hardening of Glass Lenses |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Eye Protection for Sports |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
American Society for Testing and Materials |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Custom Eyewear Needs for Individual Sports |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Providing Best Choices and Preventing Liability |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
The Dispenser's Obligation in Helping Choose the Most Appropriate Product |
|
|
477 | (6) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
|
486 | (19) |
|
Spotting of Single-Vision Lenses Without Prism |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Power Verification and Spotting of Spheres |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Power Verification and Spotting of Spherocylinders |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Spotting of Single-Vision Lenses With Prism |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
The Optical Center of a Lens |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
When the Optical Center Is Not in the Line of Sight |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
When Prescribed Prism Includes Both Horizontal and Vertical Components |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Spotting of Flat-Top Multifocal Lenses |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Spotting Progressive Addition Lenses |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Verifying Premarked Progressive Lenses |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
When Progressive Lenses Are Not Premarked |
|
|
489 | |
|
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Pattern Measurements and Terminology |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
How the Pattern Is Placed on the Edger |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Using a Frame Tracer for Patternless Systems of Edging |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
A Frame Tracer Can Be Used in a Variety of Locations |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Tracers Can Transfer Data to a Surfacing Laboratory |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Centration of Single-Vision Lenses |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
How to Calculate Vertical Centration |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Steps in Centration of Single-Vision Lenses |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Centration of Progressive Lenses |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
Appendix A ANSI Z80.1 Prescription Ophthalmic Lenses--Recommendations |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
Appendix B Special-Purpose Frames |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Appendix C Correcting Vertical Imbalance for Both Distance and Near Viewing |
|
|
503 | (2) |
| Proficiency Test Answer Key |
|
505 | (19) |
| Glossary |
|
524 | (15) |
| Index |
|
539 | |
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