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List of Figure, Boxes and Tables |
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xi | |
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xiii | |
| Author's Note xiv Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (5) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (14) |
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FGM - What Do Those Letters Mean? |
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9 | (4) |
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What Exactly Is the Practice of FGM? |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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What if No Physical Harm Is Caused? |
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15 | (1) |
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What about the `Designer Vagina'? |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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2 Why Is FGM Carried Out? |
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23 | (11) |
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Belief Systems - Religion |
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25 | (1) |
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Belief System - Spirituality |
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26 | (1) |
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Impact of a Lack of Educational Opportunity |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Hygiene and Aesthetic Reasons |
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28 | (1) |
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Sociological and Cultural Reasons |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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3 How FGM Affects Girls and Women |
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34 | (17) |
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34 | (1) |
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Impact on Girls and Women |
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34 | (5) |
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39 | (4) |
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A Note on a Change in Behaviour |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (5) |
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What the Effects of Trauma Might Look like |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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4 When We Have Concerns about a Girl's Risk of FGM |
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51 | (28) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (5) |
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Legislation - The International Context |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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The Law around FGM and Certain Professionals' Duty |
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56 | (3) |
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When We Start to Be Worried |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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When There Is No Direct Disclosure |
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59 | (1) |
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Is a Girl Imminently at Risk? |
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60 | (1) |
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Being Professionally Curious |
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60 | (1) |
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What Are You Worried About and Why? |
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61 | (1) |
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What Kind of Information Do You Have? |
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62 | (1) |
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Gathering Information to Pass onto Social/Work Professionals |
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62 | (1) |
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Clarity in Our Language and Understanding |
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63 | (1) |
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Putting Information into Context |
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63 | (1) |
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Information Gathering (for Social Work Professionals) |
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64 | (4) |
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Speaking to Families about Concerns |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (5) |
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77 | (2) |
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5 Towards a Future Without Cutting |
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79 | (20) |
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What Is Happening Internationally to End FGM? |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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What Is Happening Regionally to End FGM? |
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82 | (1) |
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Engaging Community Influencers |
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82 | (1) |
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Educating Cutters and Providing Alternative Income |
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82 | (1) |
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Working with Men and Boys |
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82 | (1) |
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Working with Health Care Professionals |
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83 | (1) |
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Alternative Rites of Passage |
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83 | (3) |
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What Can Individuals Do to End FGM? |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Offering Advice, Support and Guidance |
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87 | (1) |
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Including Communities and Survivors in Conversation |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Using the Arts to Raise Awareness |
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88 | (1) |
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Conversations and Book Clubs |
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89 | (1) |
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Engaging with Social Media Campaigns |
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89 | (1) |
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Donating and Supporting Campaigners |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (4) |
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90 | (3) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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99 | (1) |
| Index |
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100 | |