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x | |
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xi | |
Series Introduction |
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xii | |
Preface |
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xiv | |
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xvii | |
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Part 1 Your English Language Learner |
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1 | (28) |
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3 | (3) |
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English Language Learners (ELLs): Who Are They? How Do They Come to Be in Our Classrooms? |
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4 | (1) |
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Overview of Chapters in Part 1 |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2 The Process of English Language Learning and What to Expect |
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6 | (8) |
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Principle 1 Give ELLs Many Opportunities to Read, to Write, to Listen to, and to Discuss Oral and Written English and Mathematics Texts Expressed in a Variety of Ways |
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7 | (1) |
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Principle 2 Draw Attention to Patterns of English and Mathematics Language Structure |
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8 | (1) |
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Principle 3 Give ELLs Classroom Time to Use their English Productively while Learning Mathematics |
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9 | (1) |
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Principle 4 Give ELLs Opportunities to Notice their Errors and to Correct their English while Learning Mathematics |
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9 | (2) |
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Principle 5 Construct Activities that Maximize Opportunities for ELLs to Interact with Others in English |
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11 | (1) |
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Stages of ELL Language Development |
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11 | (3) |
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1.3 Different Types of ESOL Programs |
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14 | (5) |
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1.4 Teaching for English Language Development |
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19 | (4) |
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21 | (2) |
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1.5 Not All ELLs Are the Same |
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23 | (5) |
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Stages of Cultural Adjustment |
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25 | (1) |
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Cultural Practices at School |
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26 | (2) |
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1.6 Questions for Discussion and Reflection |
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28 | (1) |
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Part 2 Influences on the Mathematics Attainment of English Language Learners |
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29 | (46) |
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2.1 Overview: Influences on the Mathematical Attainment of English Language Learners |
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31 | (4) |
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Overview of Chapters in Part 2 |
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33 | (2) |
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2.2 Providing an Equitable Mathematics Education to English Language Learners: Mathematics Education Standards |
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35 | (8) |
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41 | (2) |
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2.3 The Nature of Mathematics Language |
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43 | (7) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Linguistic Difficulties Associated with Mathematical Discourse (Oral and Written) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.4 Mathematics Teaching and Learning |
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50 | (9) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (2) |
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Teacher Preparedness to Work with ELLs |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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2.5 Cultural Influences on Mathematics Learning and Engagement |
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59 | (7) |
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Cultural Links to Mathematics Content and Processes |
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59 | (3) |
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Cultural Links to Mathematics Learning |
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62 | (2) |
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Culturally Responsive Pedagogy |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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2.6 Assessment Results, Practices, and Procedures |
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66 | (6) |
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Language Proficiency and Mathematics Achievement |
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67 | (1) |
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Cultural Influences of Language Used in Test Items |
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68 | (1) |
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Test Accommodations and the ELL |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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2.7 Questions for Discussion and Reflection |
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72 | (3) |
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Part 3 Best Practices to Support English Language Learners in the Mathematics Classroom |
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75 | (72) |
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3.1 Overview: Classroom Environments that Support English Language Learners |
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77 | (3) |
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Overview of Chapters in Part 3 |
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78 | (2) |
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3.2 Orchestrating Classroom Discourse to Support Mathematics Concepts and Language Development |
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80 | (11) |
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Speak and Enunciate Clearly to Make Language Comprehensible |
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81 | (1) |
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Simplify and Elaborate Language |
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82 | (1) |
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Express Information in Multiple Ways |
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82 | (1) |
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Use Controlled Vocabulary |
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83 | (1) |
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Limit the Use of Pronouns and Adjectives |
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83 | (1) |
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Limit the Use of and Explain Idiomatic Expressions or Culturally Based Terms |
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84 | (1) |
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Limit "Asides" or Conversations that Are Not Linked to the Lesson at Hand |
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85 | (1) |
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Pause Frequently and Increase Wait Time |
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85 | (1) |
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Use Drawings and Illustrations to Support Communication |
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85 | (1) |
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Use Dramatic Gestures, Actions, and Verbal Intonations |
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86 | (1) |
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Engage ELLs in Classroom Discourse |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (1) |
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3.3 Strategies to Help English Language Learners Understand Mathematics Language |
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91 | (26) |
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Strategies to engoge ELLs at the Preproduction Stage of English Language Development |
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92 | (4) |
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Make Mathematics Language Development a Natural Part of Instruction |
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96 | (10) |
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Use Representations to Support Sense-Making and Language Development |
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106 | (6) |
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Extending Reading Strategies for Use with ELLs |
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112 | (2) |
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Extending Writing Strategies for Use with ELLs |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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3.4 Emphasizing and Supporting Problem Solving |
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117 | (10) |
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Connect Mathematics to Situational Contexts |
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118 | (1) |
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Elaborate the Meaning of Words Provided in Real-World Problem-Solving Contexts |
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118 | (2) |
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Use Representations to Interpret and Visualize Problems |
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120 | (1) |
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Model Problem-Solving Processes and Strategies |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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Provide Opportunities to Work with Peers to Solve Problems |
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122 | (1) |
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Limit the Number of Problems Assigned |
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123 | (1) |
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Avoid a Focus on Key Words |
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123 | (1) |
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Address the Use of Extraneous Information in Word Problems |
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124 | (1) |
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Be Sensitive when Using Cultural References |
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125 | (1) |
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Encourage Students to Write Original Problems |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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3.5 Assessing English Language Learners in Equitable Ways |
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127 | (9) |
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Provide Access to Learning Tools during Assessments |
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127 | (2) |
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Avoid Linguistic Complexities |
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129 | (1) |
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Provide Test Accommodations |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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3.6 Teaching Mathematics in Ways that Are Culturally Responsive |
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136 | (8) |
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Teacher Critical Self-Examination and Self-Reflection |
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137 | (1) |
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Provide a Welcoming Environment for ELLs |
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138 | (1) |
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Attend to Individualized Cultural Characteristics and Experiences |
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138 | (1) |
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Create a Culturally Respectful Learning Environment |
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139 | (1) |
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Use Cooperative Learning to Facilitate Language Acquisition and Mathematics Comprehension |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (1) |
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3.7 Questions for Discussion and Reflection |
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144 | (3) |
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Part 4 Collaborations to Support English Language Learners |
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147 | (34) |
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4.1 Overview: Collaborations to Support ELLs |
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149 | (2) |
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Overview of Chapters in Part 4 |
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149 | (2) |
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4.2 Strategies for Mathematics Teachers Who Are Themselves English Language Learners |
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151 | (7) |
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Create a Learning Environment that Is Accepting of Linguistic Differences |
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153 | (1) |
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Alert Students to Areas of Potential Difficulty Related to Language |
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153 | (1) |
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Review the Mathematics Text for Linguistic and Symbolic Differences |
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154 | (1) |
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Use Various Strategies to Produce Comprehensible Output |
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154 | (1) |
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Collaborate with English-Speaking Colleagues |
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155 | (1) |
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Engage in Ongoing Professional Development |
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156 | (1) |
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Observe Others Teaching Mathematics |
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156 | (1) |
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Share and Receive Cultural Information |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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4.3 Mathematics Teachers Collaborating with English as Second Language Teachers |
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158 | (5) |
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Barriers to Collaborations that Need to be Acknowledged and Addressed |
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159 | (1) |
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Different Approaches to ESL-Content Teacher Collaborations |
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160 | (1) |
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Reflecting on Your Own Perspectives on Collaboration |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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4.4 ELL Home-School Communication |
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163 | (4) |
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Ideas: On Fostering Access |
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164 | (1) |
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Ideas: On Fostering Approachability |
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164 | (1) |
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Ideas: On Achieving Good Follow-Through |
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165 | (1) |
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Make Mathematics Links to Students' Families |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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4.5 Questions for Discussion and Reflection |
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167 | (14) |
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169 | (1) |
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Internet Resources to Support Mathematics Teaching and Learning |
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169 | (3) |
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Print Resources for Further Study |
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172 | (9) |
Glossary |
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181 | (3) |
Notes |
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184 | (1) |
References |
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185 | (11) |
Index |
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196 | |