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E-raamat: Temporal Urban Design: Temporality, Rhythm and Place

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Temporal Urban Design: Temporality, Rhythm and PlaceSuurem pilt
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Some cities are characterised by a vivid and contrasting sense of time, and so are particular places within cities. Fast cities are represented as complex, busy and agitated, while in contrast, slow cities are conceived as somewhat easy to understand, quiet and ordered. And within cities, specific urban places are perceived to be temporally distinct. Some are perceived fast as they form hectic hubs of activity and movement, whereas slow places are often experienced as temporary halts in the city, breathing occasions, and also moments of silence and encounter. These common temporal experiences of particular cities and places suggest the sense of time as not only somewhat intersubjective but also location or place-specific. As people go about performing their tasks in everyday life, they perform time collectively. Moreover, as everyday urban life accelerates and home - work distances increase and affect personal and social times, time increasingly becomes a conscious and collective objectivity. Starting off by questioning what actually influences the sense of time, and how this expresses itself in urban environment, this book then examines the value of the everyday sense of time and rhythmicity in urban space, and explores how urban designers can understand and ultimately play a role in the creation of temporally unique, both sensorial and affective, places in the city. Whilst focusing on urban place-temporality, the book defies conventional urban design perspectives on the aesthetics of urban places and the environment, which at predominantly focus on the visual dimension and the materiality of space. Instead, by using theories and concepts from the field of music, it brings forward an alternative approach which looks at urban spaces through the filter of time and rhythmicity, and with it experience, sensoriality and performativity. It explores the everyday sense of time as an indicator of quality in urban space, and how everyday rhythms of social life, nature and physical space, shape meaningful temporal experiences in city spaces.

Arvustused

The temporal dimension of urban design has for too long been neglected by practitioners and academics alike. That is until now and this wonderful book by Filipa Wunderlich which tackles the conceptual and practical complexities head on. A timeless tour through temporal urban design.

Matthew Carmona, The Bartlett School of Planning, UCL

"In this stimulating book, Wunderlich recasts conventional understandings of time and the city in terms of rhythms, aesthetics, experiences and meanings. In particular, she explores the value we give to time in terms of ecology, society and the vibrancy of urban life. A thorough, perceptive and thought-provoking account, of great relevance to urbanist academics and practitioners alike.

Iain Borden, The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL

List of figures

List of tables

Introduction

Chapter 1: The need for a paradigm shift

Why the sense of time and rhythm is important for design

The problem of our cities: new conditions and challenges

The problem with growth-led development

The problem with design: obsolete aesthetics hinder innovation

The intermittent loss of temporality with Covid19

Ways forward: an intellectual and aesthetical review

A doughnut spatial economy: an alternative model

Temporal Urban Design: an alternative aesthetic

Cultural and social place-temporalities as temporal heritage to design for

The need for methodological innovation and interdisciplinarity

The need for a paradigm shift

Chapter 2: Time and temporality in urban design

Incorporating time in urban design studies

Planning cities and time

Governing and delivering through time

Mapping through time: time-geography and urban mobility studies

Managing through time: planning for slowing time in the city

Taking stock of urban design research on time

The significance of senses of time in urban design

Conclusion

Chapter 3: Time and temporality in philosophy and in science

Time or temporality: early conundrums in philosophy and science

The first temporal conundrums: origins of the Western discourses

The dialectics on time: Aristotle and Plato

The early Christian times

The dialectic in the Middle Ages: presentism or eternalism

The progressive and instrumental times of the Middle Ages

Eternalism or Presentism: early to late modern physics

Eternalism: the absolute time

Presentism: the crumbling of time

Quantum time: on spacetime, time and rhythm

The time of the mind, experiential or relational time

Critical debates on the experience of urban time: Bergson and Bachelard

Time as duration: intuition and memory, and its distortion in space, by Bergson

Time as discontinuous and creative, by Bachelard

Duration, temporality and rhythm

Temporality: as concrete duration and refrain, by Bergson

Temporality: as created by rhythms, by Bachelard

Listening to rhythms to understand temporal existence

Temporality: phenomenological time, rhythm, rhythmanalysis, assemblage, refrain and territoriality

Temporality: as the phenomenological time

Distaff theories of time and temporality: Deleuze and Lefebvre

Conclusion

Chapter 4: The urban temporal condition: understanding rhythm in urban space

Time constructs in society and space

Temporality as a sense or as a process? Time, rhythm and urban space

Temporality as a sense: experiential and representational time

Temporality as a process time through the rhythms of everyday life

Rhythm, refrain and territoriality

The coincident accent on rhythm to express time in space

Towards the territorialisation of time: paradigm shifts in urban critical theory

Place as temporal: sense of time, sense of place or atmosphere?

Chapter 5: Temporal Urban Design: situating the theory

The case for a turn towards Temporal Urban Design

Manifesto (Thoughts on cities/notes to the urban designer)

What defines Temporal Urban Design?

A new temporal aesthetics for urban place design

The aesthetics of place-temporality

Conclusion: Place-temporality and the principal aspects of its aesthetics and experience in urban space

Chapter 6: An aesthetics akin to music: a new temporal aesthetics for urban place design

Music in urban environment research

Music, place-temporality and rhythm: experiencing, performing and listening

The experience

Performing: choreography and resonance

Listening

The conceptual tools

Three musical processes: rhythm, performance and tonality (or tonal organisation)

Rhythm (as in music)

Rhythm in urban space

The temporal aesthetics of places: eurythmia, performativity and tonality as in a place-score

Conclusion

Chapter 7: Temporal Urban Design: situating research practice

Temporal Urban Design: interdisciplinarity and inherent intellectual foundations

Place-rhythmanalysis: a methodology for temporal urban place design

Researching the temporality and rhythmicity of urban landscapes

Rhythmanalysis in urban studies

The focus on place-rhythmanalysis

Place-rhythmanalysis: ethnography into the temporal phenomenology of places

Working as a place-rhythmanalyst

Listening to urban place as a musician in urban places

The process: the fieldwork

The process: the analysis

Conclusion

Chapter 8: A place-rhythmanalysis: the singular rhythms and temporality of Fitzroy Square

At Fitzroy Square

An everyday place

Architecture and public space design

Nature at the square

Everyday social and cultural profile

A residential and communal square

A multicultural place

An events place

A working and institutionally representative square

An exceptional private-public garden square

Location and relationship to the wider neighbourhood

A particular sense of time, or tempo and the aesthetic significance

Spatial expression of place-rhythms at Fitzroy Square

Social place-rhythms: societal, cultural and functional

At Fitzroy Square

Physical place-rhythms

Natural place-rhythms

Temporal expression of place-rhythms: an horizontal place-rhythmanalysis

Principles for temporal horizontal place-rhythmanalysis

An horizontal temporal rhythmanalysis of social place-rhythms at Fitzroy Square

Physical and natural place-rhythms rhythmanalysis

Temporal expression of place-rhythms: a vertical place-rhythmanalysis

Principles for the temporal vertical analysis

Eurythmia at Fitzroy Square: One day performative narratives

A place-score on the temporal rhythmic aesthetics of place: a representation and interpretation tool for urban designers

The rhythmic DNA of one day at Fitzroy Square: intensity and accentuation barcodes

Summary

Chapter 9: Temporal urban design: Situating practice (epilogue)

Introduction

Framing the realm of practice

Temporary, Acupuncture and Tactical Urbanism

Participatory Data Urbanism

Sensorial and Performative Urbanism

Practising Temporal Urban Design: framing action

A collaborative route to methodological innovation

Tactical interventionism

Craft and craftsmanship in the temporal design of the city

Craftsmanship in urban place-rhythmanalysis

Collective urban craftmanship processes in places co-production

Designing for the Slow and Soft City

Conclusion

References

Index

Filipa Matos Wunderlich is an Associate Professor in Urban Design at the Bartlett School of Planning, at University College London (UCL) in the UK. Her research interests are on the temporal dimension of urban place design, sensory urbanism, the interface between urban and musical aesthetics, urban design theory and research by design methodologies. Filipa is the Director of the Master in Research (MRes) in Interdisciplinary Urban Design at the Bartlett School of Planning. She also coordinates Research By Design components for both the Sustainable Urbanism and Urban Design and City Planning MSc Programmes. She is an architect, urban designer and musician.
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