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E-raamat: Textbook on Ordinary Differential Equations: A Theoretical Approach

(Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India)
  • Formaat: 290 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: River Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781000824056
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  • Formaat: 290 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: River Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781000824056

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This book aims to introduce all the necessary topics of differential equations in one book so that laymen can easily understand the subject and apply it in their research areas. This book is based on syllabi of the theory of differential equations prescribed for postgraduate students of mathematics and applied mathematics.



Many scientific and real-world problems that occur in science, engineering, and medicine can be represented in differential equations. There is a vital role for differential equations in studying the behavior of different types of real-world problems. Thus, it becomes crucial to know the existence and uniqueness properties of differential equations and various methods of finding differential equation solutions in explicit form. It is also essential to know different kinds of differential equations in terms of eigenvalues, termed eigenvalue problems, and some special functions used in finding the solution to differential equations. The study of nonlinear problems also plays a significant role in different real-world situations. There is a necessity to know the behavior of solutions of nonlinear differential equations. Still, there are very few forms of differential equations whose solution can be found in explicit form. For the differential equations whose solutions cannot be found in explicit form, one has to study the properties of solutions of the given differential equation to guess an approximate solution of it. This book aims to introduce all the necessary topics of differential equations in one book so that laymen can easily understand the subject and apply it in their research areas. The novel approach used in this book is the introduction of different analytical methods for finding the solution of differential equations with sufficient theorems, corollaries, and examples, and the geometrical interpretations in each topic.

This textbook is intended to study the theory and methods of finding the explicit solutions to differential equations, wherever possible, and in the absence of finding explicit solutions, it is intended to study the properties of solutions to the given differential equations. This book is based on syllabi of the theory of differential equations prescribed for postgraduate students of mathematics and applied mathematics in different institutions and universities of India and abroad. This book will be helpful for competitive examinations as well.

Preface ix
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xii
List of Abbreviations
xv
1 Basic Concepts of Differential Equations
1(14)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.1.1 Basic Concepts
2(2)
1.2 Formation of Differential Equations
4(2)
1.3 Classification of Solutions
6(1)
1.4 Geometrical Interpretation of a Differential Equations
7(1)
1.5 Geometrical Classification of Solutions
8(3)
1.5.1 Geometrical Interpretation of a Differential Equation of Second and Higher Order
9(2)
1.6 Classification of Solutions
11(4)
2 Uniform Convergence
15(14)
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 The Convergence of Sequences
15(6)
2.3 The Weierstrass M Test
21(1)
2.4 The Function of Two Variables: Lipschitz Condition
22(3)
2.5 Lipschitz Condition
25(4)
3 Existence and Uniqueness Theory
29(18)
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Integral Equations Equivalent to IVPs
29(3)
3.3 The Fundamental Existence and Uniqueness Theorem
32(1)
3.4 Existence and Uniqueness Theorem
33(5)
3.5 Picard's Iteration Method
38(9)
4 Nonlocal Existence Theorem
47(34)
4.1 Introduction
47(4)
4.2 Global Variant of the Existence and Uniqueness Theorem
51(1)
4.3 Gronwall's Integral Inequality
52(2)
4.4 Continuity of Solutions
54(4)
4.5 Dependence of Solution on Initial Conditions
58(2)
4.6 Existence Theorem
60(4)
4.6.1 Ascoli's Lemma
61(3)
4.7 Extremal Solutions
64(1)
4.8 Lower and Upper Bound Solution
65(16)
5 System of First-Order Differential Equations
81(24)
5.1 Introduction
81(1)
5.2 Differential Operators and an Operator Method
81(4)
5.3 Linear Systems of Differential Equations
85(2)
5.4 Differential Operator Method
87(3)
5.5 An Operator Method for Linear Systems with Constant Coefficients
90(3)
5.6 Homogenous Linear System with Constant Coefficients
93(5)
5.7 Solution of Systems with Matrix Exponential
98(7)
6 Non-Homogenous Linear Systems
105(30)
6.1 Non-Homogenous Linear Systems
105(1)
6.2 Solution of Non-Homogenous Differential Equations
105(7)
6.3 Periodic Solutions of Linear System
112(7)
6.4 Existence and Uniqueness Theorems for Linear Systems
119(5)
6.5 Linear System in Vector Variables
124(2)
6.6 Existence Theorems for Equations of Order n
126(9)
7 Boundary Value Problems
135(28)
7.1 Introduction
135(4)
7.2 Sturm-Liouville Problems
139(5)
7.3 Characteristic Value and Characteristic Function
144(6)
7.4 Existence of Eigenvalues
150(1)
7.5 Orthogonality of Eigenfunctions
151(12)
8 Green's Function and Sturm Theory
163(12)
8.1 Introduction
163(1)
8.2 Green's Function
163(2)
8.3 Green's Function for Second-Order Equations
165(3)
8.4 Construction of the Green's Function
168(1)
8.5 Construction of the Green's Function for Second-Order Equations
169(6)
8.5.1 Observation
170(5)
9 Sturm Theory
175(14)
9.1 Introduction
175(1)
9.2 Self-Adjoint Equations of the Second Order
175(4)
9.3 Some Basic Results of Sturm Theory
179(4)
9.4 The Separation and Comparison Theorem
183(6)
10 The Nonlinear Theory
189(28)
10.1 Introduction
189(2)
10.2 Elementary Critical Points for a System of Linear Equations
191(2)
10.3 Classification of Critical Points
193(3)
10.4 Critical Points and Stability for Linear Systems
196(9)
10.5 Stability by Lyapunov's Method
205(1)
10.6 Simple Critical Points of Nonlinear Systems
206(11)
11 Linearization
217(12)
11.1 Introduction
217(1)
11.2 Isolated Critical Points
218(2)
11.3 Stability of Isolated Critical Points
220(3)
11.4 The Trouble with Centers
223(2)
11.5 Conservative Equations
225(4)
12 Analytical and Numerical Methods for Differential Equations
229(40)
12.1 Adomian Decomposition Method
229(2)
12.2 Convergence Analysis of the Adomian Decomposition Method
231(1)
12.3 Modified Adomian Decomposition Method
232(1)
12.4 Application of Modified Adomian Decomposition Method
233(3)
12.5 Numerical Examples
236(9)
12.6 Homotopy Analysis Method
245(1)
12.7 Basic Idea of Homotopy Analysis Method
246(1)
12.8 Basic Idea of Homotopy Perturbation Method
247(3)
12.9 Differential Transform Method
250(1)
12.9.1 Differential Transform Method for Ordinary Differential Equations
250(1)
12.9.2 Differential Transform Method for Partial Differential Equations
251(1)
12.10 Convergence Analysis of Differential Transform Method
251(1)
12.11 Operator in Differential Transform Method
252(7)
12.12 Applications of the Differential Transform Method
259(6)
12.13 Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
265(4)
12.13.1 Euler's Method
266(1)
12.13.2 Runge-Kutta Method of Fourth Order
266(3)
Index 269(4)
About the Author 273
Professor Ramakanta Meher, a leading researcher and author, works at the Department of Mathematics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India. He has authored six leading textbooks on Mathematics and published around 60 research publications in various reputed indexed international journals. Professor Meher has a combined career and research experience of more than 16 years. Fluid dynamics, linear algebra, differential and integral equations, and fractional differential equations are some of his research interests. He has supervised around 24 master's students and six doctoral students. He has coordinated over ten short term training/faculty development programs, and he has given over 20 invited speeches at several notable institutions. He is a member of several prestigious societies and a reviewer of more than 20 international journals.