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E-raamat: Textile Materials for Lightweight Constructions: Technologies - Methods - Materials - Properties

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  • ISBN-13: 9783662463413
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Textile Materials for Lightweight Constructions: Technologies - Methods - Materials - PropertiesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662463413
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In this book, experts on textile technologies convey both general and specific information on various aspects of textile engineering, ready-made technologies, and textile chemistry. They describe the entire process chain from fiber materials to various yarn constructions, 2D and 3D textile constructions, preforms, and interface layer design. In addition, the authors introduce testing methods, shaping and simulation techniques for the characterization of and structural mechanics calculations on anisotropic, pliable high-performance textiles, including concrete examples from the fields of fiber plastic composites, textile concrete and textile membranes. Readers will also be familiarized with the potential offered by increasingly employed textile structures, for instance in the fields of composite technology, construction technology, security technology and membrane technology.

1 Introduction 1(8)
Chokri Cherif
References
6(3)
2 The Textile Process Chain and Classification of Textile Semi-finished Products 9(28)
Chokri Cherif
2.1 Introduction
9(3)
2.2 Textile Process Chain
12(13)
2.2.1 Representation
12(1)
2.2.2 Definition
13(12)
2.3 Textile Semi-finished Products and Preforms for Lightweight Construction
25(6)
2.3.1 Classification, Distinction, and Definitions
25(3)
2.3.2 Preform and Preforming
28(1)
2.3.3 Advantages of the Integration of the Matrix as Continuous Fiber
29(2)
2.4 Application and Performance Potential of Textile Semi-finished Products and Preforms in Lightweight Construction
31(2)
References
33(4)
3 Textile Fiber Materials 37(66)
Christiane Freudenberg
3.1 Introduction
37(2)
3.2 Technological Basics of Synthetic-Fiber Production
39(19)
3.2.1 Principles of Synthetic-Fiber Production
39(5)
3.2.2 Fiber Parameters
44(5)
3.2.3 Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of Textile Fiber Materials
49(7)
3.2.4 Surface Preparation for Textile Processing
56(2)
3.3 Reinforcement Fibers
58(36)
3.3.1 Introduction
58(1)
3.3.2 Glass Fiber Materials
59(9)
3.3.3 Carbon Fiber Materials
68(8)
3.3.4 Aramid Fiber Materials
76(6)
3.3.5 Other High-Strength Synthetic Fibers made from Organic-Origin Synthetic Polymers
82(2)
3.3.6 Other High-Strength Synthetic Fibers Made from Natural Polymers of Inorganic Origin
84(1)
3.3.7 Metal Fibers
85(1)
3.3.8 Natural Fibers
86(1)
3.3.9 Technological Properties of High-Performance Fibers
87(2)
3.3.10 Overview of Reinforcement Fibers
89(5)
3.4 Matrix Fibers from Thermoplastic Polymers
94(2)
3.4.1 Tasks and General Characteristics of Matrix Fibers
94(1)
3.4.2 Major Matrix Fibers
94(2)
3.5 Requirement-Adapted Further Processing in the Textile Process Chain
96(2)
3.5.1 Hybrid Filament Yams
96(1)
3.5.2 Finishing of Fibers
97(1)
References
98(5)
4 Yarn Constructions and Yarn Formation Techniques 103(56)
Beata Lehmann
Claudia Herzberg
4.1 Introduction and Overview
103(7)
4.1.1 Introduction
103(1)
4.1.2 Yarn Parameters and Yam Structure
104(3)
4.1.3 Yams Made from Fiber Material Blends (Hybrid Yarn)
107(3)
4.2 Single Yam for Semi-finished Yam Products
110(28)
4.2.1 Classification
110(1)
4.2.2 Filament Yarn
111(9)
4.2.3 Slivers and Spun Yarn
120(13)
4.2.4 Filament Spun Yarn
133(5)
4.3 Plied Yams for Semi-finished Yam Products
138(7)
4.3.1 Classification
138(1)
4.3.2 Flat Twisted Yam
138(5)
4.3.3 Cabled Yarn
143(1)
4.3.4 Co-wrapping Ply Yams
144(1)
4.4 Recommendations for the Processing into Semi-finished Yam Products
145(1)
4.5 Sewing Thread for the Assembly of Textile Semi-finished Products
146(5)
4.5.1 Introduction
146(1)
4.5.2 Sewing Thread Construction
147(3)
4.5.3 Sewing Thread Function
150(1)
4.6 Functional Integration
151(1)
4.7 Thread Finishing
151(1)
4.8 Significance of Threads for Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites
151(2)
References
153(6)
5 Woven Semi-finished Products and Weaving Techniques 159(54)
Cornelia Sennewald
Gerald Hoffmann
Roland Kleicke
5.1 Introduction and Overview
160(1)
5.2 Woven Fabric Structure
161(7)
5.2.1 Definition
161(1)
5.2.2 Schematic Representation
161(1)
5.2.3 Basic Weave Patterns
162(3)
5.2.4 Extended and Derived Basic Weave Patterns
165(2)
5.2.5 Jacquard Weave Patterns
167(1)
5.3 Woven Fabric Parameters and Properties
168(6)
5.3.1 Woven Fabric Parameters
168(2)
5.3.2 Woven Fabric Properties
170(4)
5.4 Manufacture of Woven Fabrics
174(14)
5.4.1 Weaving Methods
174(1)
5.4.2 Basic Set-up of the Weaving Machine
175(1)
5.4.3 Weft Yarn Feeding
176(1)
5.4.4 Shed Formation Systems
177(3)
5.4.5 Weft Insertion Principles
180(6)
5.4.6 Weft Beat-up
186(1)
5.4.7 Woven Fabric Take-off and Storage
187(1)
5.5 2D Woven Fabric Structures
188(12)
5.5.1 Conventional 2D Woven Fabrics
188(1)
5.5.2 Two-Layer and Profiled Woven Fabrics
188(1)
5.5.3 Two-Dimensional Multilayered Woven Fabric Structures
189(2)
5.5.4 Leno-Woven Fabric
191(1)
5.5.5 Multiaxial Woven Fabric
192(3)
5.5.6 Open Reed Woven Fabrics
195(2)
5.5.7 2D Polar Weave pattern
197(2)
5.5.8 Woven 3D Geometries in Shell Shapes
199(1)
5.6 3D Woven Fabric Structures
200(8)
5.6.1 Three-Dimensional Multilayered Woven Fabrics with Integrally Woven Profiles
200(2)
5.6.2 Woven Spacer Fabrics
202(2)
5.6.3 Terry Weaving and Pleated Woven Fabrics
204(2)
5.6.4 3D Orthogonal Woven Fabrics
206(2)
5.6.5 3D Polar Woven Fabrics
208(1)
5.7 Functional Integration
208(1)
References
209(4)
6 Semi-finished Weft Knitted Fabrics and Weft Knitting Techniques 213(38)
Wolfgang Tramper
6.1 Introduction and Overview
213(3)
6.2 Fundamentals
216(14)
6.2.1 General Remarks
216(1)
6.2.2 Binding Elements
216(5)
6.2.3 Basic Bindings
221(3)
6.2.4 Knitted Fabric Properties and Knitting Parameters
224(3)
6.2.5 Knitting Processes
227(3)
6.3 Flat and Circular Knitted Fabrics
230(17)
6.3.1 Shaping Possibilities
230(2)
6.3.2 Production on Flat Knitting Machines
232(3)
6.3.3 Production on Circular Knitting Machines
235(3)
6.3.4 Development Tendencies in Knitting Technology
238(1)
6.3.5 2D and 3D Knitted Fabrics with Integrated Reinforcement Yarns
239(8)
6.4 Functional Integration
247(1)
References
248(3)
7 Warp-Knitted Semi-finished Products and Warp-Knitting Technologies 251(38)
Jan Hausding
Jan Martin
7.1 Introduction and Overview
251(2)
7.2 Pattern Construction in Warp-Knitting
253(7)
7.2.1 Representation of Patterns
253(3)
7.2.2 Pattern Elements
256(1)
7.2.3 Patterns for the Production of Technical Textiles
257(3)
7.3 Manufacturing Basics of Warp-Knitted Fabrics
260(13)
7.3.1 Introduction
260(2)
7.3.2 Storage, Feeding, and Transport of Base Materials
262(6)
7.3.3 Joining of the Base Materials: Loop Formation Process
268(3)
7.3.4 Separation, Take-up, and Winding of the Fabric Web
271(1)
7.3.5 Process-Integrated Production
272(1)
7.4 Machine Technology for Two-Dimensional Warp-Knitted Semi-finished Products
273(8)
7.4.1 Conventional RL Warp-Knitting Machines for the Manufacture of Warp-Knitted Semi-finished Products
273(2)
7.4.2 Multiaxial Warp-Knitting Machines for the Manufacture of Warp-Knitted Reinforcement Structures
275(6)
7.5 Machine Technology for Three-Dimensionally Warp-Knitted Semi-finished Products
281(2)
7.6 Parameters and Characteristics of Warp-Knitted Semi-finished Products
283(3)
References
286(3)
8 Braided Semi-finished Products and Braiding Techniques 289(18)
Ezzedine Laourine
8.1 Introduction and Overview
289(1)
8.2 Classification of Braiding Methods
290(1)
8.3 Functional Principle of Braiding Machines
291(2)
8.4 2D-Braiding Methods
293(2)
8.4.1 Round Braiding
293(1)
8.4.2 Sleeve Braiding
293(2)
8.5 3D-Braiding Methods
295(4)
8.5.1 Sleeve Braiding of 3D-Structures
295(1)
8.5.2 3D-Braiding with Concentric Carrier Paths
296(1)
8.5.3 3D-Braiding with Cartesian Carrier Paths
297(1)
8.5.4 3D-Braiding with Modular Carrier Drives
297(2)
8.6 Carrier Constructions
299(1)
8.7 Impeller
300(3)
8.8 Drive
303(1)
8.9 Applications of Braided Structures
304(1)
8.10 Functional Integration
304(1)
References
305(2)
9 Nonwoven Semi-finished Products and Nonwoven Production Technology 307(40)
Kathrin Pietsch
Hilmar Fuchs
9.1 Introduction and Overview
307(4)
9.1.1 Terminology
307(1)
9.1.2 Overview
308(3)
9.2 Production Methods for Nonwovens
311(16)
9.2.1 Overview
311(1)
9.2.2 Fiber Preparation
312(1)
9.2.3 Basic Principles of Nonwoven Formation
312(7)
9.2.4 Basic Principles of Nonwoven Bonding
319(8)
9.2.5 Finishing
327(1)
9.3 Structure and Characteristics
327(9)
9.3.1 Overview
327(1)
9.3.2 Construction Parameters
328(3)
9.3.3 Selected Structural Properties
331(5)
9.4 Selected Application Examples for Nonwoven Semi-finished Products
336(6)
9.4.1 Overview
336(1)
9.4.2 Technologies for the Production of Nonwoven Fabric Composites
337(1)
9.4.3 Nonwoven Semi-finished Products for Fiber-Reinforced Composites
338(3)
9.4.4 Nonwoven-Based Functional Layers for Filtration and Energy Engineering
341(1)
9.5 Development Tendencies
342(1)
References
342(5)
10 Embroidered Semi-finished Products and Embroidery Techniques 347(14)
Mirko Schade
10.1 Introduction
347(1)
10.2 Basic Principles of Embroidery
348(1)
10.3 Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP)
349(3)
10.3.1 Principle
349(1)
10.3.2 Machine Technology and Embroidery Parameters
350(2)
10.4 Embroidered Semi-finished Products
352(6)
10.4.1 Two-Dimensional Embroidered Semi-finished Products
352(4)
10.4.2 Three-Dimensionally Embroidered Semi-finished Products
356(1)
10.4.3 Embroidered Semi-finished Products with Yarn Reserves
357(1)
References
358(3)
11 Pre-impregnated Textile Semi-finished Products (Prepregs) 361(20)
Olaf Diestel
Jan Hausding
11.1 Introduction
361(3)
11.2 Thermoset Prepregs
364(6)
11.2.1 Free-Flowing Thermoset Prepregs and Molding Compounds (SMC/BMC)
364(2)
11.2.2 Non-free-flowing Thermoset Prepregs from Yarns and Flat, Planar Semi-finished Products
366(4)
11.3 Thermoplastic Prepregs
370(7)
11.3.1 Free-Flowing Thermoplastic Prepregs and Pressing Compounds (GMT/LFT)
370(3)
11.3.2 Non-free-flowing Thermoplastic Prepregs with Continuous Fiber-Reinforcements from Yarns or Flat, Planar Semi-finished Products
373(4)
References
377(4)
12 Ready-Made Technologies for Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites 381(46)
Hartmut Rodel
12.1 Introduction
381(2)
12.2 Product Development
383(3)
12.3 Cutting Layout and Material Utilization
386(1)
12.4 Spreading
386(4)
12.4.1 Purpose of Spreading
386(1)
12.4.2 Spreading Methods
387(1)
12.4.3 Spreading Process Variations
387(2)
12.4.4 Treatment of Faults in the Reinforcement Structure
389(1)
12.5 Cutting Technology
390(5)
12.5.1 General Remarks
390(1)
12.5.2 Cutting of Reinforcement Textiles
391(4)
12.6 Textile Assembly by Sewing
395(25)
12.6.1 Terminology
395(7)
12.6.2 Stitch Formation
402(6)
12.6.3 General Remarks Regarding Sewing Technology in Preform Manufacture
408(1)
12.6.4 Seam Functions
409(1)
12.6.5 Sewing Technology for Composite Assembly
410(4)
12.6.6 Sewing Material Fixations and Composite Production Tools
414(3)
12.6.7 Sewing-Technical Processing Centers
417(1)
12.6.8 Automated Handling of Textile Cutting Parts
417(3)
12.7 Textile Assembly by Means of Welding
420(2)
12.8 Textile Assembly in Preform Manufacture by Means of Adhesive or Binder Technology
422(2)
References
424(3)
13 Textile Finishing and Finishing Technologies 427(52)
Heike Hund
Rolf-Dieter Hund
13.1 Introduction and Overview
427(1)
13.2 Chemical-Physical Fundamentals
428(13)
13.2.1 Surface Energy, Surface Tension
429(1)
13.2.2 Surface Energy
429(1)
13.2.3 Chemical Properties of Textile Surfaces
430(1)
13.2.4 Chemical Properties of Fiber Materials
430(4)
13.2.5 Chemical Properties of Spin Finishes and Sizing Materials
434(3)
13.2.6 Chemistry of the Matrix Interface
437(4)
13.2.7 Topography of Textile Surfaces
441(1)
13.3 Material Combination and Compatibility
441(3)
13.3.1 Physical Compatibility
441(3)
13.3.2 Chemical Compatibility
444(1)
13.4 Experimental Determination of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Interfaces
444(9)
13.4.1 Investigations on Surface Energy of Textile Materials
445(5)
13.4.2 Investigations of the Chemistry of the Surfaces of Textile Materials
450(3)
13.5 Finishing Processes, Methods, and Technologies
453(21)
13.5.1 Spinning-Integrated Finishing of Fibers
453(1)
13.5.2 Pretreatment of Textile Yams and Fabrics in the Finishing Process
454(9)
13.5.3 Finishing of Textile Materials
463(11)
References
474(5)
14 Textile Testing Methods 479(58)
Thomas Pusch
14.1 Introduction
479(1)
14.2 Laboratory and Test Engineering Basics
480(10)
14.2.1 Measuring Versus Testing Technology
480(2)
14.2.2 Sensors
482(3)
14.2.3 Test Conditions
485(1)
14.2.4 Mechanical Displacement
486(3)
14.2.5 Presentation of Test Results
489(1)
14.3 Tests on Fibers and Filaments
490(2)
14.3.1 Diameter
490(1)
14.3.2 Linear Density
491(1)
14.3.3 Tensile Strength, Young's Modulus
492(1)
14.4 Yam Testing
492(8)
14.4.1 Linear Density
493(1)
14.4.2 Twist
493(1)
14.4.3 Tensile Strength, Young's Modulus
494(4)
14.4.4 Sizing and Preparation Content
498(1)
14.4.5 Moisture Content
499(1)
14.4.6 Other Test Methods
499(1)
14.5 Tests on Textile Fabrics
500(6)
14.5.1 Thickness
501(1)
14.5.2 Mass per Unit Area
501(1)
14.5.3 Tensile Strength, Young's Modulus
502(2)
14.5.4 Flexural Rigidity
504(1)
14.5.5 Resin and Fiber Content
505(1)
14.5.6 Additional Test Methods
506(1)
14.6 Tests on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites
506(20)
14.6.1 Tests Without Mechanical Loads
507(2)
14.6.2 Tests at Low Deformation Rates
509(11)
14.6.3 Tests at High Deformation Rates
520(5)
14.6.4 Other Test Methods
525(1)
14.7 Tests on Other Fiber-Based Composite Materials
526(3)
14.7.1 Textile Membranes
526(1)
14.7.2 Textile-Reinforced Concrete
527(2)
References
529(8)
15 Modeling and Simulation 537(62)
Lina Girdauskaite
Georg Haasemann
Sybille Krzywinski
15.1 Introduction
537(2)
15.2 Deformation Behavior of Textile Semi-finished Products
539(12)
15.2.1 General Discussion
539(1)
15.2.2 Tensile Values
539(1)
15.2.3 Flexural Values
540(1)
15.2.4 Shear Values
540(11)
15.3 Computer-Assisted Simulation of the Deformation Behavior of Textile Composite Reinforcements
551(14)
15.3.1 Models for Simulating the Deformation Behavior Simulation
551(2)
15.3.2 Kinematic Modeling of the Deformation Behavior
553(10)
15.3.3 Local Structural Fixations for the Defined Draping of Textile Structures on Strongly Curved Surfaces
563(2)
15.4 Composite Material Modeling
565(13)
15.4.1 Modeling the Fiber/Matrix Composite (Micro-level)
567(1)
15.4.2 Modeling of the Textile in the Composite (Meso-level)
568(10)
15.5 Material Properties of Composite Materials, Exemplified by Multi-layered Weft-Knitted Fabrics
578(16)
15.5.1 Experimental Examinations
578(7)
15.5.2 Homogenization on the Basis of the Energy Criterion
585(9)
References
594(5)
16 Processing Aspects and Application Examples 599(64)
Chokri Cherif
Olaf Diestel
Thomas Engler
Evelin Hufnagl
Silvio Weiland
16.1 Introduction
600(1)
16.2 Composite Material Structure
601(2)
16.3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites
603(23)
16.3.1 General Remarks
603(3)
16.3.2 Reinforcing Structures
606(4)
16.3.3 Matrix Systems
610(2)
16.3.4 Component Production and Applications
612(14)
16.4 Textile-Reinforced Concrete
626(20)
16.4.1 Special Features of the Concrete Matrix
626(3)
16.4.2 Suitable Textile Fiber Materials
629(1)
16.4.3 Basics of Production Technology for Textile Concrete Reinforcement
630(3)
16.4.4 Composite Behavior and Load-Bearing Capacity of Textile Structures in Concrete
633(2)
16.4.5 Influence of Textile-Technological Parameters of Stitch-Bonding (Multiaxial Warp Knitting) Technology on Composites
635(2)
16.4.6 Relevant Characteristics of Textile-Reinforced Concrete
637(3)
16.4.7 Repair and Strengthening of Existing Buildings/ Constructions
640(2)
16.4.8 Formation of Textile-Reinforced Individual Components
642(3)
16.4.9 Development Trends for Textile-Reinforced Concrete
645(1)
16.5 Textile Membranes for Lightweight Constructions
646(9)
16.5.1 Definition and Applications
646(2)
16.5.2 Requirements for Construction Membranes
648(1)
16.5.3 Properties of Construction Membranes
649(4)
16.5.4 Realization of Membrane Structures
653(2)
References
655(8)
Formula Symbols 663(4)
Abbreviations 667(4)
Index 671
Prof. Dr.-Ing habil. Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Chokri Cherif graduated in Mechanical Engineering from RWTH Aachen, specializing in Textile Engineering. He obtained his doctorate in 1998, followed by his habilitation in 2001, both from RWTH Aachen. During his ensuing employment in the industry at Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau AG, he held several high-responsibility positions, e.g. as Head of Development and Construction, and as a member of the company management board, Business Unit Draw frame. Since October 2005, Professor Cherif has been Director of the Institute of Textile Machinery and High- Performance Material Technology (ITM) at TU Dresden, also holding the professorship for Textile Technology at ITM. Currently, Professor Cherif is involved in several large-scale projects (e.g. SFB 639, Initiatives of Excellence of the Free State of Saxony ECEMP, EU projects, Federal Initiatives of Excellence, Zwanzig20 Initiatives of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology). Professor Cherif has authored more than 750 scientific publications and more than 100 patents.
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