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E-raamat: On Theories: Logical Empiricism and the Methodology of Modern Physics

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Feb-2022
  • Kirjastus: Harvard University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780674269729
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 47,97 €*
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"The final work of the esteemed philosopher William Demopoulos supplants logical empiricism's accounts of physical theories, which fail to satisfactorily engage modern physics. Arguing for a new appreciation of the tightly woven character of theory and evidence, Demopoulos offers novel insights into the distinctive nature of quantum reality"--

The final work of the esteemed philosopher William Demopoulos supplants logical empiricism’s accounts of physical theories, which fail to satisfactorily engage modern physics. Arguing for a new appreciation of the tightly woven character of theory and evidence, Demopoulos offers novel insights into the distinctive nature of quantum reality.

A renowned philosopher’s final work, illuminating how the logical empiricist tradition has failed to appreciate the role of actual experiments in forming its philosophy of science.

The logical empiricist treatment of physics dominated twentieth-century philosophy of science. But the logical empiricist tradition, for all it accomplished, does not do justice to the way in which empirical evidence functions in modern physics.

In his final work, the late philosopher of science William Demopoulos contends that philosophers have failed to provide an adequate epistemology of science because they have failed to appreciate the tightly woven character of theory and evidence. As a consequence, theory comes apart from evidence. This trouble is nowhere more evident than in theorizing about particle and quantum physics. Arguing that we must consider actual experiments as they have unfolded across history, Demopoulos provides a new epistemology of theories and evidence, albeit one that stands on the shoulders of giants.

On Theories finds clarity in Isaac Newton’s suspicion of mere “hypotheses.” Newton’s methodology lies in the background of Jean Perrin’s experimental investigations of molecular reality and of the subatomic investigations of J. J. Thomson and Robert Millikan. Demopoulos extends this account to offer novel insights into the distinctive nature of quantum reality, where a logico-mathematical reconstruction of Bohrian complementarity meets John Stewart Bell’s empirical analysis of Einstein’s “local realism.” On Theories ultimately provides a new interpretation of quantum probabilities as themselves objectively representing empirical reality.

Arvustused

Demopoulos has crafted a thoughtful and interesting interpretation of quantum mechanics that completes his earlier work of the mid-70sA wonderful tribute to a very significant philosopher. -- Adrian Heathcote * Metascience * Demopoulos wrote for the eye of God and the good of my soul, as he used to say. On Theories is a stunning achievement, a profound argument for a novel thesis about the nature of truth in scientific theories, ranging from case studies about our understanding of molecular reality to Bohrs dispute with Einstein about quantum reality. -- Jeffrey Bub, University of Maryland On Theories, a painstaking analysis of the seemingly straightforward concept of theory, takes us on an exciting journey through twentieth-century science and philosophy of science. It critiques naïve dogmas such as the theory/observation dichotomy, replacing them with a nuanced account centered on the notion of theory-mediated measurement. On the basis of this account, Demopoulos offers a novel interpretation of major breakthroughs in classical as well as quantum mechanics. Meticulous in its historical analysis and compelling in its philosophical argument, On Theories is a must for anyone interested in science and its method. -- Yemima Ben-Menahem, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem William Demopoulos was one of the leading philosophers of science of his generation. An accomplished logician whose mastery of the logicist tradition was unequaled, he was just as productive in contemporary philosophy of physics, especially philosophy of quantum physics. On Theories brings to a stunning close a line of research he actively pursued for the last two decades: the epistemology and ontology of physical theories. This is not only an important book but a rare landmark in the development of the discipline. -- Thomas Uebel, University of Manchester

Editor's Foreword vii
Introduction 1(17)
1 Logical Empiricist and Related Reconstructions of Theoretical Knowledge
18(46)
1.1 The Partial Interpretation Account of Theories
18(2)
1.2 Carnap on Ramsey Sentences and the Explicit Definition of Theoretical Terms
20(4)
1.3 A Proposal of David Lewis and Two Theorems of John Winnie
24(8)
1.4 Putnam's Model-Theoretic Argument
32(7)
1.5 Ramsey on Russell's Analysis of Matter and the Partial Interpretation of Theories
39(14)
1.6 Constructive Empiricism and Partial Interpretation
53(11)
2 Molecular Reality
64(36)
2.1 The Molecular Hypothesis
64(1)
2.2 Molecular Reality and Brownian Motion
65(13)
2.3 The Nature and Status of Perrin's "Connecting Link"
78(5)
2.4 Perrin's Argument for Molecular Reality
83(10)
2.5 Thomson and the Constitution of Cathode Rays
93(7)
3 Poincare on the Theories of Modern Physics
100(21)
3.1 Poincare on "True Relations"
100(10)
3.2 Robustness versus Consilience
110(3)
3.3 Poincare and Scientific Realism
113(3)
3.4 Russell and Poincare
116(5)
4 Quantum Reality
121(66)
4.1 Bohr on the Primacy of Classical Concepts
121(18)
4.2 Complementarity, Completeness, and Einstein's Local Realism
139(15)
4.3 Bell's Theorem and Einstein's Local Realism
154(18)
4.4 Quantum Mechanics and Reality
172(15)
Editor's Afterword 187(18)
Notes 205(20)
Bibliography 225(10)
Acknowledgments 235(4)
Index 239
William Demopoulos (19432017), editor of Freges Philosophy of Mathematics and author of Logicism and Its Philosophical Legacy, spent nearly four decades as Professor of Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario. Michael Friedman is Patrick Suppes Professor of Philosophy of Science at Stanford University.