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E-raamat: This Is Philosophy: An Introduction

(Bloomsburg University)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: This is Philosophy
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Feb-2021
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119635543
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: This is Philosophy
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Feb-2021
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119635543
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As the oldest discipline in the academy, philosophy began by asking questions of the world and of human nature. Philosophers are responsible for the Enlightenment and laid the foundations for constitutional governments. Yet, while it may have given birth to the natural sciences, philosophy has earned a contemporary reputation as an esoteric and impractical field out of touch with everyday life-but it doesn't have to be that way. This is Philosophy: An Introduction expertly guides students through the fundamentals of philosophy by illuminating difficult, abstract ideas with straightforward language. Assuming no prior background in the subject, this volume brings philosophical concepts into sharp focus through relatable examples and clear explanations of philosophy's big questions and arguments.

The second edition of this accessible textbook is organized around seven central philosophical problems, including ethics, the existence of God, free will, personal identity, philosophy of mind, and epistemology. New to this edition is a chapter on political philosophy that explores the state of nature, anarchy, contractarianism, libertarianism, and the liberal state. These self-contained chapters have been reordered and recalibrated to best suit the needs of introductory philosophy courses, and can be taught independently or in sequence. Enhanced by updated examples, new hyperlinks and references, and detailed bibliographies, the book is complemented by extensively-revised online resources available to instructors, including a 200-question test bank and over 450 PowerPoint slides designed to strengthen student comprehension of key concepts.

THIS IS PHILOSOPHY

“The second edition of This is Philosophy improves upon an excellent first edition. This clear, succinct book is quite possibly the best introduction to Western philosophy on the market.”
—Gregory Morgan, Stevens Institute of Technology

“This is a terrific book. The writing is not only extremely clear, it is downright gripping—with relevant and detailed examples at every turn. Steven Hales has produced not just a great little introduction to philosophy—he has produced a great little book in philosophy, period.”
—Michael Lynch, University of Connecticut

“Hales clearly explains important philosophical ideas with a minimum of jargon and without sacrificing depth of content and he consistently gives a fair and accurate presentation of both sides of central philosophical disputes.”
—Matthew Van Cleave, Teaching Philosophy

As the oldest discipline in the academy, philosophy began by asking questions of the world and of human nature. Philosophers are responsible for the Enlightenment and laid the foundations for constitutional governments. Yet, while it may have given birth to the natural sciences, philosophy has earned a contemporary reputation as an esoteric and impractical field out of touch with everyday life—but it doesn’t have to be that way. This is Philosophy: An Introduction expertly guides students through the fundamentals of philosophy by illuminating difficult, abstract ideas with straightforward language. Assuming no prior background in the subject, this volume brings philosophical concepts into sharp focus through relatable examples and clear explanations of philosophy’s big questions and arguments.

The second edition of this accessible textbook is organized around seven central philosophical problems, including ethics, the existence of God, free will, personal identity, philosophy of mind, and epistemology. New to this edition is a chapter on political philosophy that explores the state of nature, anarchy, contractarianism, libertarianism, and the liberal state. These self-contained chapters have been reordered and recalibrated to best suit the needs of introductory philosophy courses, and can be taught independently or in sequence. Enhanced by updated examples, new hyperlinks and references, and detailed bibliographies, the book is complemented by extensively-revised online resources available to instructors, including a 200-question test bank and over 450 PowerPoint slides designed to strengthen student comprehension of key concepts.

Strengthening the popular first edition which launched the series, This is Philosophy: An Introduction, Second Edition is the perfect primary textbook for beginning philosophy students as well as general readers with an interest in philosophy.

Preface for Instructors x
Preface for Students xiv
Acknowledgments xvi
1 Ethics: Preliminary Views 1(26)
1.1 Is Morality Just Acting on Principles?
3(3)
1.2 Divine Command Theory (Is Morality Just What God Tells Me to Do?)
6(4)
1.3 Egoism (Is Morality Just My Own Personal Code?)
10(8)
1.4 Moral Relativism (Is Morality Just How Society Says We Should Act?)
18(9)
2 Ethics: The Big Three Theories 27(35)
2.1 Utilitarianism (Is Morality Doing What I Can to Make This the Best World Possible?)
27(15)
2.2 Deontology, or Kantianism (Is There an Absolute Moral Law?)
42(6)
2.3 Objections
48(4)
2.4 Virtue Ethics (Is Morality all about Having a Virtuous Character?)
52(2)
2.5 Objections
54(8)
3 God 62(49)
3.1 The Attributes of God
64(2)
3.2 Why There is a God
66(27)
3.3 Why There is No God
93(9)
3.4 Atheist Responses to the Free Will Defense
102(9)
4 Freedom 111(34)
4.1 Against Free Will, Part 1: Divine Foreknowledge
114(3)
4.2 Against Free Will, Part 2: A Regress of Reasons for Acting
117(6)
4.3 Against Free Will, Part 3: Determinism and the Dilemma Argument
123(3)
4.4 The Incompatibilist Argument
126(3)
4.5 The Dilemma Argument Against Free Will
129(1)
4.6 Free Will and Moral Responsibility
129(4)
4.7 Agent Causation
133(2)
4.8 Compatibilism
135(4)
4.9 The Feeling of Freedom
139(6)
5 Self 145(38)
5.1 Preliminary Positions
147(2)
5.2 The Soul Criterion
149(2)
5.3 Objections
151(5)
5.4 The Physicalist Criterion
156(7)
5.5 The Psychological Criterion
163(10)
5.6 The Bundle Theory
173(10)
6 Mind 183(32)
6.1 Substance Dualism
184(8)
6.2 Behaviorism
192(4)
6.3 Mind-brain Identity Theory
196(6)
6.4 Functionalism
202(13)
7 Knowledge 215(39)
7.1 The Value of Truth
215(4)
7.2 The Value of Evidence
219(11)
7.3 The Sources of Evidence
230(3)
7.4 The Nature of Knowledge
233(3)
7.5 The Skeptic's Challenge
236(18)
8 Politics 254(30)
8.1 State of Nature
255(2)
8.2 Anarchy
257(3)
8.3 Contractarianism
260(6)
8.4 Leviathan and the Philosopher Kings
266(6)
8.5 The Minimal State
272(4)
8.6 The Liberal State
276(8)
Postscript 284(2)
Index 286
STEVEN D. HALES is Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania. He works primarily in metaphysics and epistemology, and has published in Mind, Noûs, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, and other journals. He has been a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Cambridge, Turin, Edinburgh, and London, and has won awards for both teaching and research. He has written or edited 12 books, most recently The Myth of Luck: Philosophy, Fate and Fortune (2020).