| Foreword to the Fifth Edition |
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v | |
| Preface |
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vii | |
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xvii | |
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xxi | |
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1 Legislation as a tool for regulation |
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1 | (6) |
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Regulatory and legislative quality |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (16) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (5) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (32) |
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23 | (1) |
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Syntax and grammar in legislative drafting |
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23 | (1) |
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The significance of syntax |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Subject-predicate relationship |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (6) |
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Incomplete and fused sentences |
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36 | (4) |
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Subject-verb disagreement |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (5) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (40) |
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Style and the purposes of legislation |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Communication of legislation |
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56 | (2) |
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Style should help communication |
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58 | (1) |
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Traditional legislative style - is it really a problem? |
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59 | (2) |
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Are short simple Acts the answer? |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Simplicity and precision - a tension and a balance |
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62 | (1) |
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Beware the allure of abstract words |
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63 | (1) |
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Signposts along the way to clarity |
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64 | (1) |
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The pursuit of clarity - general rules |
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64 | (1) |
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The pursuit of clarity - rules for drafting sentences |
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65 | (1) |
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The pursuit of clarity - word choice |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (24) |
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Six rules instead of twenty-nine |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (3) |
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5 Specific matters of style |
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95 | (42) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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Numbering, lettering and indentation practice |
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99 | (2) |
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Miscellaneous stylistic matters |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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References to legislation |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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Symbols and abbreviations |
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107 | (4) |
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6 Miscellaneous words and expressions |
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111 | (1) |
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Words and expressions to avoid |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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aforesaid; abovementioned; aforementioned; beforementioned |
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112 | (1) |
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following; foregoing; preceding; succeeding |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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herein; hereinafter; hereinbefore; hereto; herewith; hitherto; heretofore |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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It shall be lawful for; it shall not be lawful for |
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114 | (1) |
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It is hereby declared that |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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whatsoever; wheresoever; whosoever; whomsoever |
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115 | (1) |
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Words and expressions to use carefully |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Less than; more than; not exceeding; exceeding |
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121 | (1) |
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above; below; over; under |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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notwithstanding; subject to |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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forthwith; as soon as possible; immediately; without delay; without unreasonable delay; as soon as may be; without undue delay |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (16) |
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137 | (2) |
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Application of interpretation legislation |
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139 | (1) |
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Definitions of words and expressions |
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140 | (3) |
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Provisions regarding construction of legislation |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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Saving of delegated legislation |
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151 | (1) |
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When is an Interpretation Act bad law? |
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152 | (1) |
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8 The drafting process: Part 1 |
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153 | (22) |
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153 | (1) |
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The role of a legislative drafter |
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154 | (1) |
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When should drafters become involved in legislative proposals? |
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155 | (1) |
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The role of instructing officers |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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The five stages of the drafting process |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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1 Legislative proposals and existing law |
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164 | (1) |
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2 Legislative proposals and special responsibility areas |
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165 | (4) |
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3 Legislative proposals and practicality |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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The layered structure of legislation |
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171 | (1) |
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The design of legislation not directly amending in character |
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172 | (2) |
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The design of amending legislation |
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174 | (1) |
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9 The drafting process: Part 2 |
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175 | (44) |
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Stage 4 Composition and development |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (14) |
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The use of purpose provisions |
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191 | (6) |
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The use of supplementary aids |
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197 | (9) |
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The use of precedents: legal transplants |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (6) |
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Stage 5 Scrutiny and testing |
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215 | (4) |
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10 Formalities and arrangement |
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219 | (20) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (3) |
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Criteria for arrangement in Parts |
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224 | (2) |
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Dangers arising from arrangements in Parts |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (3) |
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Headings (other than section headings or marginal notes) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Section headings and marginal notes |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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Recommended order of arrangement |
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235 | (4) |
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11 Preliminary provisions |
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239 | (26) |
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Long title/introductory text |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (5) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (4) |
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251 | (2) |
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Enacting formula or enacting clause |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Application to circumstances existing at commencement |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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Extra-territorial application |
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257 | (1) |
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Application to specific persons and things |
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258 | (2) |
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Application to Crown or to Government |
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260 | (1) |
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Purpose clauses or objectives |
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261 | (4) |
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265 | (32) |
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265 | (1) |
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Drafting statutory powers |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Who should be given the power? |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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Transfer and revocation of statutory functions |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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Remedies for breach of statutory duty |
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273 | (2) |
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Power to delegate executive functions |
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275 | (2) |
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Agency - the Carltona principle |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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Directions concerning the performance of statutory functions |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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Power to make appointments |
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282 | (1) |
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Power to require information |
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283 | (1) |
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Powers of entry, search and seizure |
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284 | (4) |
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Magistrate may issue entry and search warrant |
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288 | (1) |
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Form and content of entry and search warrant |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Powers concerning codes of practice |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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Consequences of breach of a code |
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294 | (3) |
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13 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 1 |
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297 | (36) |
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297 | (1) |
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Statutory corporations and other bodies |
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298 | (1) |
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Check list for legislation establishing corporations |
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298 | (3) |
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Forms relating to statutory bodies |
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301 | (5) |
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Financial provisions and accountability |
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306 | (13) |
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Dissolution of statutory corporations |
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319 | (14) |
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14 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 2 |
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333 | (28) |
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Licensing and registration |
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323 | (1) |
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Check list for licensing or registration systems |
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323 | (3) |
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Forms relating to licensing and registration |
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326 | (13) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Legislative provision for expenditure |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (3) |
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Appropriation legislation |
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347 | (1) |
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Loan and guarantee legislation |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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Check list for legislation imposing or empowering a tax or levy |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (10) |
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15 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 3 |
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361 | (32) |
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361 | (5) |
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Validation of fees, taxes or charges |
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366 | (1) |
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Validation of unauthorised public expenditure |
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367 | (1) |
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Validation of judicial acts |
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367 | (1) |
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Validation of administrative acts |
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367 | (1) |
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Validation of appointment and irregular consequences |
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368 | (1) |
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Validation of subordinate legislation |
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368 | (1) |
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Implementation of international conventions |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (4) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (3) |
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Check list for legislation establishing and regulating tribunals |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (11) |
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16 Supplementary provisions |
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393 | (26) |
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The delegation of legislative power |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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Consultation and procedure |
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397 | (5) |
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402 | (1) |
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Parliamentary supervision |
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403 | (2) |
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Drafting enabling provisions |
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405 | (14) |
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419 | (44) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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Limited locality jurisdiction |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (2) |
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423 | (2) |
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Institution of prosecutions |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (1) |
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Responsibility for employees, contractors, agents, etc |
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432 | (1) |
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Responsibility for children and animals |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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Mens rea and strict liability |
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434 | (3) |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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Weather or other reasonable cause |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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Protection of health, property, environment |
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437 | (1) |
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Action beyond control of defendant |
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438 | (1) |
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Course of business or employment |
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438 | (1) |
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Mistake, accident, act of another and diligence |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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Precautions and diligence |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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Where certificate is evidence |
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441 | (1) |
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For the admission of evidence, by certificate of a constable |
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442 | (2) |
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Where certificate is sufficient evidence |
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444 | (1) |
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Where certificate is conclusive evidence |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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Power to make regulations as to evidence by certificate |
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446 | (1) |
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Admissibility of written statements |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (1) |
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Onus of proof in relation to exceptions |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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General form for fine and imprisonment |
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451 | (1) |
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Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for prosecution on indictment |
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452 | (1) |
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Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for a second offence |
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452 | (1) |
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Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for a body corporate |
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452 | (1) |
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Where monetary benefits have accrued to offender |
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452 | (1) |
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Where the offence is continuing in nature |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (3) |
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Provisions supplementary to punishments |
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457 | (1) |
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Suspension or cancellation of licence and disqualification |
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457 | (1) |
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Order to cease carrying on business |
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458 | (1) |
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Order to pay prosecution expenses |
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459 | (1) |
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Order to remedy cause of contravention |
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459 | (1) |
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Order to refund amount wrongfully obtained |
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459 | (1) |
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Payment of compensation for damage |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (2) |
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463 | (46) |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (6) |
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469 | (7) |
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476 | (5) |
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481 | (2) |
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483 | (2) |
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Where the legislation makes no specific commencement provision |
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485 | (1) |
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Where the legislation specifies a commencement date |
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486 | (1) |
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Where some person is empowered to specify a commencement date |
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486 | (1) |
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Where the Act is to commence upon the occurrence of a stipulated event |
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487 | (1) |
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Multiple commencement dates |
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487 | (3) |
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Conditional commencement dates |
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490 | (1) |
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Alternative commencement dates |
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490 | (1) |
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Automatic commencement when commencement provision fails |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (3) |
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Sunset and review provisions |
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494 | (3) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (3) |
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Citation by means of short title |
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500 | (2) |
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502 | (3) |
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Interpretation/Definition Schedules |
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505 | (4) |
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509 | (26) |
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509 | (2) |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (3) |
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Drafting direct amendments |
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515 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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Reference to the principal Act |
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515 | (1) |
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Reference to the section amended |
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515 | (1) |
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Recommended scope of amending section |
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516 | (1) |
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Parenthetic explanatory material |
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517 | (1) |
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Reference to prior amendments |
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518 | (1) |
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Caution against referring to line numbers |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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Consideration of repeal and re-enactment |
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521 | (1) |
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521 | (2) |
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523 | (1) |
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Repeals, deletions and omissions |
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524 | (2) |
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526 | (3) |
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529 | (3) |
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Amendments in schedule form |
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532 | (3) |
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20 Subordinate legislation |
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535 | (12) |
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535 | (1) |
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Validity of subordinate legislation |
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536 | (2) |
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Construction of subordinate legislation |
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538 | (1) |
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Drafting subordinate legislation |
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539 | (1) |
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539 | (2) |
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541 | (1) |
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541 | (1) |
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542 | (1) |
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Preambles and purpose provisions |
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543 | (1) |
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543 | (1) |
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544 | (1) |
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544 | (1) |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (1) |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (1) |
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21 Transposition of EU legislation |
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547 | (14) |
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547 | (1) |
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The intricacies of transposition |
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547 | (1) |
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The five stages of the transposition process |
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548 | (13) |
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22 Pre- and post-legislative scrutiny: the lifecycle of legislation |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (6) |
|
Post-legislative scrutiny |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
The lifecycle of legislation |
|
|
568 | |
| Index |
|
535 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta