Introduction |
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xxi | |
Part I Getting Started |
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1 | (58) |
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Chapter 1 Dive In and Threat Modell |
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3 | (26) |
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4 | (22) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (5) |
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12 | (12) |
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24 | (2) |
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Threat Modeling on Your Own |
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26 | (1) |
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Checklists for Diving In and Threat Modeling |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Strategies for Threat Modeling |
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29 | (30) |
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"What's Your Threat Model?" |
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30 | (1) |
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Brainstorming Your Threats |
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31 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Perspective on Brainstorming |
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34 | (1) |
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Structured Approaches to Threat Modeling |
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34 | (9) |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (13) |
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44 | (6) |
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50 | (2) |
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What to Include in a Diagram |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (3) |
Part II Finding Threats |
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59 | (64) |
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61 | (26) |
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Understanding STRIDE and Why It's Useful |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
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Spoofing a Process or File on the Same Machine |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Information Disclosure Threats |
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70 | (2) |
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Information Disclosure from a Process |
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71 | (1) |
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Information Disclosure from a Data Store |
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71 | (1) |
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Information Disclosure from a Data Flow |
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72 | (1) |
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Denial-of-Service Threats |
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72 | (1) |
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Elevation of Privilege Threats |
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73 | (1) |
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Elevate Privileges by Corrupting a Process |
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74 | (1) |
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Elevate Privileges through Authorization Failures |
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74 | (1) |
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Extended Example: STRIDE Threats against Acme-DB |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (7) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (5) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (14) |
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Working with Attack Trees |
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87 | (4) |
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Using Attack Trees to Find Threats |
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88 | (1) |
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Creating New Attack Trees |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (3) |
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Human-Viewable Representations |
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91 | (3) |
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Structured Representations |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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Election Operations Assessment Threat Trees |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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Perspective on Attack Trees |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Attack Libraries |
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101 | (10) |
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Properties of Attack Libraries |
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101 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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Libraries and Literature Reviews |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (4) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (12) |
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Solove's Taxonomy of Privacy |
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112 | (2) |
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Privacy Considerations for Internet Protocols |
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114 | (1) |
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Privacy Impact Assessments (PIA) |
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114 | (1) |
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The Nymity Slider and the Privacy Ratchet |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (3) |
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Contextual Integrity Decision Heuristic |
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118 | (1) |
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Augmented Contextual Integrity Heuristic |
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119 | (1) |
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Perspective on Contextual Integrity |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
Part III Managing and Addressing Threats |
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123 | (92) |
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Chapter 7 Processing and Managing Threats |
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125 | (20) |
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Starting the Threat Modeling Project |
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126 | (4) |
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126 | (2) |
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What to Start and (Plan to) End With |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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Digging Deeper into Mitigations |
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130 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Tracking with Tables and Lists |
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133 | (5) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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Scenario-Specific Elements of Threat Modeling |
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138 | (5) |
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Customer/Vendor Trust Boundary |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Defensive Tactics and Technologies |
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145 | (22) |
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Tactics and Technologies for Mitigating Threats |
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145 | (14) |
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Authentication: Mitigating Spoofing |
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146 | (2) |
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Integrity: Mitigating Tampering |
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148 | (2) |
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Non-Repudiation: Mitigating Repudiation |
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150 | (3) |
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Confidentiality: Mitigating Information Disclosure |
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153 | (2) |
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Availability: Mitigating Denial of Service |
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155 | (2) |
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Authorization: Mitigating Elevation of Privilege |
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157 | (2) |
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Tactic and Technology Traps |
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159 | (1) |
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Addressing Threats with Patterns |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Mitigating Privacy Threats |
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160 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Trade-Offs When Addressing Threats |
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167 | (22) |
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Classic Strategies for Risk Management |
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168 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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Selecting Mitigations for Risk Management |
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170 | (8) |
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170 | (4) |
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Applying Standard Mitigation Technologies |
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174 | (2) |
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Designing a Custom Mitigation |
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176 | (1) |
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Fuzzing Is Not a Mitigation |
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177 | (1) |
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Threat-Specific Prioritization Approaches |
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178 | (6) |
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178 | (2) |
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Threat-Ranking with a Bug Bar |
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180 | (1) |
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Cost Estimation Approaches |
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181 | (3) |
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Mitigation via Risk Acceptance |
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184 | (1) |
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Mitigation via Business Acceptance |
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184 | (1) |
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Mitigation via User Acceptance |
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185 | (1) |
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Arms Races in Mitigation Strategies |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Validating That Threats Are Addressed |
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189 | (14) |
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Testing Threat Mitigations |
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190 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Checking Code You Acquire |
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192 | (3) |
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Constructing a Software Model |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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Model/Reality Conformance |
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195 | (1) |
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Task and Process Completion |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Process Aspects of Addressing Threats |
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197 | (1) |
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Threat Modeling Empowers Testing; Testing Empowers Threat Modeling |
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197 | (1) |
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Validation/Transformation |
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197 | (1) |
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Document Assumptions as You Go |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (4) |
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202 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Threat Modeling Tools |
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203 | (12) |
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204 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (5) |
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208 | (1) |
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Corporate Threat Modeller |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Microsoft's SDL Threat Modeling Tool |
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209 | (4) |
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Tools That Don't Exist Yet |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
Part IV Threat Modeling in Technologies and Tricky Areas |
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215 | (138) |
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Chapter 12 Requirements Cookbook |
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217 | (26) |
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218 | (1) |
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The Interplay of Requirements, Threats, and Mitigations |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Outshining the Competition |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Scenario-Driven Requirements |
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221 | (1) |
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Prevent/Detect/Respond as a Frame for Requirements |
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221 | (6) |
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221 | (4) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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People/Process/Technology as a Frame for Requirements |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Development Requirements vs. Acquisition Requirements |
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228 | (1) |
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Compliance-Driven Requirements |
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229 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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Fair Information Practices |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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The Seven Laws of Identity |
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233 | (1) |
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Microsoft Privacy Standards for Development |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (6) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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Operational Non-Requirements |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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Microsoft's "10 Immutable Laws" |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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Chapter 13 Web and Cloud Threats |
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243 | (10) |
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243 | (3) |
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244 | (1) |
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Web Browser and Plugin Threats |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (3) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Threats to Forensic Response |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Threats Directly from Tenants |
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249 | (1) |
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Threats Caused by Tenant Behavior |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Accounts and Identity |
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253 | (40) |
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254 | (5) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Account Life-Cycle Checklist |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (23) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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Threats to "What You Have" |
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263 | (1) |
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Threats to "What You Are" |
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264 | (3) |
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Threats to "What You Know" |
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267 | (4) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Time and Account Recovery |
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272 | (1) |
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E-mail for Account Recovery |
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273 | (1) |
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Knowledge-Based Authentication |
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274 | (4) |
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278 | (2) |
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Attacker-Driven Analysis of Account Recovery |
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280 | (1) |
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Multi-Channel Authentication |
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281 | (1) |
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Account Recovery Checklist |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (8) |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (1) |
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Social Security Numbers and Other National Identity Numbers |
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286 | (3) |
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289 | (1) |
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Names, IDs, and SSNs Checklist |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Human Factors and Usability |
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293 | (40) |
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294 | (10) |
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Applying Behaviorist Models of People |
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295 | (2) |
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Cognitive Science Models of People |
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297 | (5) |
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Heuristic Models of People |
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302 | (2) |
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Models of Software Scenarios |
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304 | (7) |
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304 | (3) |
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Diagramming for Modeling the Software |
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307 | (2) |
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Modeling Electronic Social Engineering Attacks |
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309 | (2) |
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Threat Elicitation Techniques |
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311 | (5) |
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311 | (1) |
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The Ceremony Approach to Threat Modeling |
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311 | (1) |
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Ceremony Analysis Heuristics |
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312 | (3) |
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Integrating Usability into the Four-Stage Framework |
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315 | (1) |
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Tools and Techniques for Addressing Human Factors |
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316 | (6) |
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Myths That Inhibit Human Factors Work |
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317 | (1) |
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Design Patterns for Good Decisions |
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317 | (3) |
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Design Patterns for a Kind Learning Environment |
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320 | (2) |
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User Interface Tools and Techniques |
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322 | (5) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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Patterns That Grab Attention |
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325 | (2) |
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Testing for Human Factors |
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327 | (2) |
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Benign and Malicious Scenarios |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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Perspective on Usability and Ceremonies |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (2) |
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Chapter 16 Threats to Cryptosystems |
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333 | (20) |
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334 | (7) |
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334 | (5) |
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339 | (1) |
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Modern Cryptographic Primitives |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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Attacks against Cryptosystems |
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342 | (4) |
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346 | (2) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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Authenticating before Decrypting |
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348 | (1) |
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Things to Remember about Crypto |
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348 | (1) |
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Use a Cryptosystem Designed by Professionals |
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348 | (1) |
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Use Cryptographic Code Built and Tested by Professionals |
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348 | (1) |
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Cryptography Is Not Magic Security Dust |
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349 | (1) |
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Assume It Will All Become Public |
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349 | (1) |
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You Still Need to Manage Keys |
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349 | (1) |
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Secret Systems: Kerckhoffs and His Principles |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (2) |
Part V Taking It to the Next Level |
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353 | (68) |
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Chapter 17 Bringing Threat Modeling to Your Organization |
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355 | (30) |
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How To Introduce Threat Modeling |
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356 | (3) |
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Convincing Individual Contributors |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (8) |
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Threat Modeling and Project Management |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (2) |
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Individual Roles and Responsibilities |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (4) |
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Diversity in Threat Modeling Teams |
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367 | (1) |
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Threat Modeling within a Development Life Cycle |
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367 | (12) |
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Development Process Issues |
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368 | (5) |
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373 | (5) |
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Customizing a Process for Your Organization |
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378 | (1) |
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Overcoming Objections to Threat Modeling |
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379 | (4) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (2) |
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Chapter 18 Experimental Approaches |
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385 | (22) |
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386 | (1) |
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Operational Threat Models |
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387 | (5) |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (4) |
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The "Broad Street" Taxonomy |
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392 | (6) |
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Adversarial Machine Learning |
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398 | (1) |
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Threat Modeling a Business |
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399 | (1) |
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Threats to Threat Modeling Approaches |
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400 | (4) |
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400 | (1) |
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Enumerate All Assumptions |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (2) |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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Find Aspects to Measure and Measure Them |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Architecting for Success |
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407 | (14) |
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407 | (6) |
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409 | (2) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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The Best Is the Enemy of the Good |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (3) |
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"The Threat Model Has Changed" |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
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420 | (1) |
Appendix A Helpful Tools |
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421 | (8) |
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Common Answers to "What's Your Threat Model?" |
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421 | (8) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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The Internet Threat Model |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (2) |
Appendix B Threat Trees |
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429 | (48) |
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430 | (40) |
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Spoofing an External Entity (Client/Person/Account) |
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432 | (6) |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (3) |
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442 | (2) |
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Tampering with a Data Flow |
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444 | (2) |
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Tampering with a Data Store |
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446 | (4) |
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Repudiation against a Process (or by an External Entity) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (2) |
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Information Disclosure from a Process |
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454 | (2) |
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Information Disclosure from a Data Flow |
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456 | (3) |
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Information Disclosure from a Data Store |
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459 | (3) |
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Denial of Service against a Process |
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462 | (1) |
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Denial of Service against a Data Flow |
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463 | (3) |
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Denial of Service against a Data Store |
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466 | (2) |
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Elevation of Privilege against a Process |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (7) |
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471 | (3) |
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Attack via a "Social" Program |
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474 | (2) |
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Attack with Tricky Filenames |
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476 | (1) |
Appendix C Attacker Lists |
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477 | (24) |
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478 | (2) |
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478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Aucsmith's Attacker Personas |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Background and Definitions |
|
|
481 | (3) |
|
|
484 | (17) |
|
David "NeOphyate" Bradley - Vandal |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
JoLynn "NightLily" Dobney - Trespasser |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Sean "Keech" Purcell - Defacer |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
Bryan "CrossFyre" Walton - Author |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Lorrin Smith-Bates - Insider |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
|
498 | (3) |
Appendix D Elevation of Privilege: The Cards |
|
501 | (10) |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Elevation of Privilege (EoP) |
|
|
508 | (3) |
Appendix E Case Studies |
|
511 | (22) |
|
|
512 | (7) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (6) |
|
Acme's Operational Network |
|
|
519 | (6) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (4) |
|
Phones and One-Time Token Authenticators |
|
|
525 | (3) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (5) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
The iNTegrity Data Flow Diagrams |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
531 | (2) |
Glossary |
|
533 | (10) |
Bibliography |
|
543 | (24) |
Index |
|
567 | |