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E-raamat: Titan: Exploring An Earthlike World (2nd Edition)

(Univ Of Oxford, Uk), (Paris-meudon Observatory, France)
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Coustenis (space studies and instrumentation in astrophysics, Paris-Meudon Observatory) and Taylor (physics, Oxford U.) Have completely updated this edition to reflect new discoveries about this mysterious body in the solar system, which is the only known moon with a thick atmosphere mostly made of nitrogen. They describe the Discovery missions to Titan, observations of Titan from the earth, spacecraft that orbited Saturn and landed on Titan, Titan's atmosphere and climate (much like the earth but much colder), the moon's chemistry and composition, its clouds and hazes, it's atmospheric dynamics and meteorology, Chris and interior, its origin and evolution in the solar system, and plans for future exploration. Includes a wealth of beautiful full-color photographs. Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Titan: Exploring an Earthlike World presents the only comprehensive description in book form of what is currently known about Titan, the largest satellite of the planet Saturn and arguably the most intriguing and mysterious world in the Solar System. Because of its resemblance to our own planet, Titan is often described as a “frozen primitive Earth” and is therefore of wide interest to scientists and educated laypersons from a wide range of backgrounds. The book aims to cater to all of these by using nontechnical language wherever possible, while maintaining a high standard of scientific rigor.The book is a fully revised and extensively updated edition of Titan: The Earthlike Moon, which was published in 1999, before the Cassini and Huygens missions arrived to orbit Saturn and land on Titan. As investigators on these missions, the authors use the latest results to present the most recent revelations and latest surprises about an exciting new world.
Prologue xiii
Foreword xvii
Introduction
1(15)
Early History
1(4)
Titan in Mythology
5(3)
Space Exploration of the Solar System
8(5)
The 20th Century, Before Voyager
13(3)
The Voyager Missions to Titan
16(22)
Space Missions to the Saturnian System
16(4)
Voyager Observations of Titan
20(2)
Atmospheric Bulk Composition
22(1)
Vertical Temperature Structure
22(4)
Energy Balance and the Temperature Profile in the Thermosphere
26(2)
Atmospheric Composition
28(3)
Photochemistry
31(3)
Cloud and Haze Properties
34(1)
Speculations on the Surface and Landscape of Titan from Voyager
35(1)
The Aftermath of Voyager
36(2)
Observations of Titan from the Earth
38(34)
Introduction
38(1)
Space Observatories
38(6)
Hubble Space Telescope
39(1)
The James Webb Space Telescope
40(1)
Infrared Space Observatory
41(3)
Ground-Based Observatories
44(8)
Mauna Kea Observatories
44(2)
The European Southern Observatories
46(2)
The University of Arizona and Steward Observatory Telescopes
48(1)
Radio Astronomy
49(3)
Earth-Based Studies of Titan
52(19)
Occultations of Titan
52(2)
The Radar Search for Oceans, Seas or Lakes
54(3)
Spectroscopic Measurements of Titan's Albedo
57(7)
Imaging Titan's Atmosphere in the Near-Infrared
64(2)
Imaging the Surface
66(5)
Ground-Based Observations and Cassini-Huygens
71(1)
Cassini-Huygens: Orbiting Saturn and Landing on Titan
72(57)
Introduction
72(1)
The Spacecraft and its Systems
73(4)
Scientific Objectives
77(2)
The Long History of the Cassini-Huygens Mission
79(3)
Departure for the Saturnian system
82(2)
Journey to Saturn and Orbit Insertion
84(1)
Huygens Descends onto Titan
85(4)
Experiments and Payloads
89(18)
The Scientific Instruments on the Orbiter
89(10)
The Scientific Instruments on the Probe
99(8)
Touring the Saturnian System
107(6)
Observations of Saturn
107(2)
The Icy Satellites, and Saturn's Rings
109(3)
Saturn's Magnetosphere and Titan
112(1)
Being Involved: Scientists and Instrument Providers
113(2)
Reaping the Benefits
115(14)
Colour Plates
117(12)
Titan's Atmosphere and Climate
129(21)
The Climate on Titan
129(8)
Atmospheric Pressure Profile
129(2)
Atmospheric Thermal Sturcture
131(2)
Troposphere
133(2)
Stratosphere
135(1)
Mesosphere
136(1)
Thermosphere
136(1)
Exosphere
136(1)
Radiation in Titan's Atmosphere
137(4)
Solar and Thermal Radiation
137(1)
Energy Balance and Surface Temperature
137(1)
Model Temperature Profile
138(1)
Radiative Equilibrium Temperature Profile
139(2)
Remote Atmospheric Temperature Sounding
141(3)
Titan's Ionosphere and its Interaction with the Magnetosphere of Saturn
144(3)
Climate Change on Titan
147(3)
Chemistry and Composition
150(44)
Titan's Chemical Composition
150(4)
The Bulk Composition of the Atmosphere
154(1)
Ionospheric Chemistry
155(2)
Trace Constituents in the Neutral Atmosphere
157(24)
Stratospheric Composition Measurements with Cassini
160(15)
Vertical Distributions
175(2)
Spatial Variations
177(3)
Temporal Variations of the Trace Constituents
180(1)
Photochemistry
181(13)
Hydrocarbons
185(3)
Nitriles
188(1)
Oxygen Compounds
189(3)
Condensation Efficiencies
192(1)
Aerosol Production
193(1)
Clouds and Hazes
194(37)
Introduction and Overview
194(3)
Terrestrial Clouds and precipitation
197(1)
Visible-Aspects of Titan's Haze
198(3)
Size and Vertical Distribution of the haze Particles
201(5)
Haze Vertical Profiles
203(2)
Haze Opacity Spatial Variations
205(1)
Tropospheric Condensate Clouds
206(4)
Thermal and Dynamical Interactions with the Haze
210(3)
Observational Evidence on the Aerosol Composition
213(4)
Laboratory Simulations of Haze Materials
217(6)
Chemical Composition of Tholins
218(3)
Optical Properties of Tholins
221(2)
Microphysical Models of Titan's Haze
223(6)
Organic Haze Production
223(4)
Fractal Models and Scattering Properties of the Haze
227(2)
Discussion and Conclusion
229(2)
Atmospheric Dynamics and Meteorology
231(27)
Introduction
231(1)
Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres
232(5)
Titan's General Circulation
237(1)
Zonal Motions
238(5)
The Meridional Circulation
243(4)
The Hemispherical Asymmetry
244(1)
The Polar Vortex
245(2)
Vertical Motions
247(3)
Waves, Tides and Turbulence
250(1)
The Weather Near the Surface
251(4)
Does Lighting Occur on Titan?
255(3)
The Surface and Interior of Titan
258(28)
Introduction
258(1)
Remote Sensing of the Surface
259(2)
Huygens Takes a Plunge
261(5)
Naming Distant New Places
266(3)
Evidence for Geological Activity
269(8)
Albedo Variations
269(1)
Craters
270(3)
Mountains and Volcanoes
273(1)
Dunes
274(1)
Lakes
275(2)
The Nature and Composition of the Surface
277(4)
The Interior of Titan
281(5)
Titan's Origin and Evolution in the Solar System
286
Introduction
286(1)
Relations Among Solar System Bodies
287(2)
The Formation of the Solar System
289(1)
The Terrestrial Planets and Titan
290(7)
Titan and the Outer Planets
297(7)
Titan and the Other Saturnian Satellites
304(14)
Titan and Europa
318(1)
Nitrogen Atmospheres in the Outer Solar System
318(3)
Titan's Origin and Evolution
321(3)
Evolutionary Models for Titan's Atmosphere
324(1)
Origin of the Atmospheric Components
325(4)
Titan and Life
329(1)
Open Questions
330