Beginning his career as an independent architect in the mid-1870s, Frank Darling came to prominence as the principal of Darling & Pearson Architects, designing a plethora of delightful bank buildings in the early twentieth century. Darling’s work aligned with the national ambitions of his clients and gave shape to Britain’s global imperial project on Canadian soil. In Toronto Edwardian David Winterton positions Darling as a leading architectural figure of the era. He demonstrates that the Canadian Edwardian Grand Manner was not merely an architectural interlude: it was pivotal to the development of Canada’s cultural identity and of the possibility of a national architecture in the early twentieth century. Darling was the first Canadian architect with a truly national presence, with built projects in every province – over 360 known buildings – ranging from elaborate urban designs to prefabricated banks that rose up in many towns and villages west of Lake Superior. Winterton has drawn from institutional archives and consulted with local historians, heritage professionals, and scholars to meticulously reconstruct the story of Frank Darling and his work. First exploring biographical, cultural, and patronage contexts, then focusing on the design and construction of fine houses, academic buildings, banks, and even the country’s first skyscrapers, Toronto Edwardian features new and previously unpublished photographs that illuminate the firm’s considerable influence and provide a visual record of Darling’s approach to style. Toronto Edwardian richly illustrates the breadth of Darling’s architectural creation and compellingly articulates the Edwardian period’s importance to Canadian architecture.
Frank Darling gained prominence as the principal of Darling & Pearson Architects, designing a plethora of bank buildings in the early twentieth century. Toronto Edwardian positions Darling, whose work aligned with national ambitions and Britain’s global imperial project, as a leading figure of the era.
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Toronto Edwardian is a field-defining book. Bringing to light a vast amount of new information on Frank Darling and the firm of Darling & Pearson, Winterton offers a penetrating account of Canadian architecture in its international context, raising its study to a new level of elegance and sophistication. Matthew M. Reeve, co-editor of Casa Loma: Millionaires, Medievalism, and Modernity in Torontos Gilded Age
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Navigating the architectural history of the Edwardian era and its most accomplished Canadian protagonist.
Foreword xi
MICHAEL McCLELLAND
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
Abbreviations xxv
Introduction
Edwardian Toronto; Edwardian Architecture 3
Part 1 Context 23
1 Frank Darling, Canadian Architect 25
2 Hogtown Shakes Off the Mud
Torontos Early Twentieth-Century Civic Imaginary 54
3 Patrons of the Grand Manner
Imperialists, Plutocrats, and Their Architect, Frank Darling 71
Part 2 Buildings 84
4 Residential Architecture
Houses for Patrons and Clubhouses for Leisure 86
5 Education and Edification
Hospitals, the University of Toronto, and Other Institutional Work 125
6 Temples of Commerce
The Bank Commissions 158
7 Commercial Building Commissions 203
8 Where shall the limit be?
Darling & Pearsons Tall Building Commissions 218
9 Twilight of Canadian Gothic
Darlings Last Work for Trinity College 245
Epilogue
The Architectural Legacy of Frank Darling and Darling & Pearson 257
APPENDIX 1
Catalogue Raisonné: Chronological List of Work (from the Biographical
Dictionary of Architects in Canada) 265
APPENDIX 2
Partners and Staff 285
APPENDIX 3
Patrons 295
APPENDIX 4
Architectural Glossary 299
Figures 303
Notes 313
Bibliography 325
Index 331
David E. Winterton is a Toronto-based architect and architectural historian.
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