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E-raamat: Trailblazing Medicine: Sustaining Explorers During Interplanetary Missions

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  • Sari: Springer Praxis Books
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-May-2011
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781441978295
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Praxis Books
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-May-2011
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781441978295
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Looking forward to the day when astronauts depart on extended exploration missions, this assessment of the future of space medicine analyzes what is necessary to keep a crew alive in space as well as the medical challenges faced by interplanetary astronauts.



Space medicine has been an important component of the success of human spaceflight and will continue to play a critical role in the future ventures. To prepare for the day when astronauts will leave low Earth orbit for long-duration exploration missions, space medicine experts must develop a thorough understanding of the effects of microgravity on the human body, as well as ways of migrating these effects. To gain a complete understanding of the effects of space on the human body and to create the tools and technologies required for successful exploration, space medicine will become an increasingly collaborative discipline incorporating the skills of physicians, biomedical scientists, engineers, and mission planners. In this work, Dr. Erik Seedhouse examines the future of space medicine in relation to human space exploration. He describes what is necessary to keep a crew alive in space, how it will be accomplished in the future, and the medical challenges faced by interplanetary astronauts. The book is divided into three sections. The first looks at space medicine on board the ISS, where astronaut stays are often of long duration. The second section considers the Exploration Class medical dangers, beginning with radiation and the consequent Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). The final section looks at future developments and the importance of telemedicine and how revolutionary technologies will protect interplanetary astronauts from the space environment. The book ends with a description of the kind of hibernation necessary to insure the well being of interplanetary astronauts.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
About the author xv
List of figures
xvii
List of tables
xix
List of panels
xxi
List of abbreviations and acronyms
xxiii
Section I Space Medicine
1(54)
1 Medicine onboard the International Space Station
3(12)
Radiation
6(3)
Bone loss
9(1)
Muscle atrophy
10(1)
Behavioral health and fatigue
11(1)
Balance
12(3)
2 Interplanetary health care
15(24)
Medical capabilities
15(4)
Medical strategies
19(1)
The interplanetary flight surgeon
20(7)
In-flight health care
27(5)
Anesthesia
32(1)
Airway management
32(1)
Surgery
33(2)
Rehabilitating astronauts
35(2)
References
37(2)
3 Medical qualification for exploration class missions
39(16)
Medical selection of astronauts
39(8)
Genetic screening
47(2)
Types of genetic testing
49(1)
Precautionary surgery
49(4)
Appendicitis
52(1)
Appendectomy
52(1)
Pre-mission medical selection
53(1)
References
53(2)
Section II Exploration Class Medical Challenges
55(58)
4 Radiation
57(20)
Radiation types
57(2)
Measuring radiation
59(1)
Radiation damage
60(4)
Radiation exposure guidelines
64(2)
Countermeasures
66(2)
Operations
66(1)
Shielding
66(1)
Biological
67(1)
Nanotech
68(7)
Installation
73(2)
References
75(2)
5 Bone loss
77(14)
Effect of microgravity on the skeletal system
78(4)
Countermeasures to bone demineralization
82(4)
Artificial gravity
86(5)
Joosten's spinning spaceships
89(2)
6 Behavior and performance
91(22)
Shackleton
94(2)
Nansen
96(4)
Interplanetary stressors
100(9)
Mission operations
109(3)
Post-mission mental health care
112(1)
Section III Future Developments
113(60)
7 Bioethics, sex, and cloning
115(26)
The survivor scenario
115(2)
The terrorist attack scenario
117(1)
The injured crewmember scenario
117(2)
The solutions
119(2)
No sex please, we're astronauts
121(6)
Pulling the plug
127(1)
The one-way trip option
127(4)
Gattaca
131(3)
Cloning
134(4)
Cloning ethics
138(3)
8 Robotic surgery and telemedicine
141(18)
Telemedicine
141(3)
Supervisory-controlled systems
144(1)
Telesurgery
145(3)
Autonomous
148(2)
Nanobots
150(2)
Trauma pods
152(3)
Medical monitoring
155(4)
9 Stasis
159(14)
Animal hibernation
162(3)
Human hibernation
165(5)
Entry
166(1)
Hibernation period
166(1)
Exit
167(3)
Stasis monitoring
170(3)
Life support
171(2)
Appendix: The Interplanetary Bioethics Manual 173(6)
Index 179
Erik Seedhouse is an aerospace scientist whose ambition has always been to work as an astronaut. After completing his first degree in Sports Science at Northumbira University, the author joined the legendary 2nd Battalion the Parachute Regiment, the world's most elite airborne regiment. During his time in the "Para's," Erik spent six months in Belize, where he was trained in the art of jungle warfare and conducted several border patrol along the Belize-Guatemala border. Later, he spent several months learning the intricacies of desert warfare on the Akamas Range in Cyprus. He made more than 30 jumps from a Hercules C130 aircraft, performed more than 200 abseils from a helicopter, and fired more light anti-tank weapons than he cares to remember!

Upon returning to the comparatively mundane world of academia, the author embarked upon a master's degree in Medical Science at Sheffield University. He supported his master's degree studies by winning prize money in 100 km ultradistance running races. Shortly after placing third in the World 100 km Championships in 1992 and setting the North America 100 km record, the author turned to ultradistance triathlon, winning the World Endurance Triathlon Championships in 1995 and 1996. For good measure, he also won the inaugural World Double Ironman Championships in 1995 and the infamous Decatriathlon, the world's longest triathlon.

Returning in academia once again in 1996, Erik pursued his Ph.D at the German Space Agency's Institute for Space Medicine. While conducting his Ph.D. studies, he still found time to win Ultraman Hawaii and the European Ultraman Champion-ships as well as completing the Race Across America bike race. Due to his success as the world's ultradistance triathlete, Erik was featured in dozens of magazines and television interviews. In 1997, GQ magazine nominated him as the "Fittest Man in the World."

In 1999,  Erik decided it was time to get a real job. He retired from being aprofessional triathlete and started his post-doctoral studies at Vancouver's Simon Fraser University's School of Kinesiology. In 2005, the author worked as an astronaut training consultant for Bigelow Aerospace in Las Vegas and wrote 'Tourists in Space,' a training manual for spacefligth participants. He is a Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society and a member of the Aerospace Medical Association. Recently, he was one of the final 30 candidates of the Canadian Space Agency Astronaut Recruitment Campaign. Erik currently works as a manned spaceflight consultant, triatholn coach, and author. He is the Training Director for Astronauts for Hire and plans to travel into space with one of the private spaceflight companies.

In addition to being a triathlete, sky-diver, pilot, and author, Erik is an avid scuba-diver and mountaineer and is currently pursuing his goal of climbing the Seven Summits. 'Trailblazing Medicine' is his seventh book.