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E-raamat: Transitional Justice for Israel/Palestine: Truth-Telling and Empathy in Ongoing Conflict

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This book applies the dynamic field of transitional justice to conflict resolution in Israel/Palestine. Around the globe, diverse societies have pursued truth-telling, restorative justice and reconciliation to end conflict -- yet the language of transitional justice has been all but absent in Israel/Palestine. 

This volume squarely addresses how transitional justice could contribute to conflict transformation and accountability, incorporating the questions of collective justice, memory, and human rights. It covers the most important historical and legal issues facing Israel/Palestine with a focus on civil societies in South Africa, Northern Ireland and Latin America. Ultimately, the book proposes an unofficial Israeli-Palestinian Truth and Empathy Commission (IPTEC) to address gross human rights abuses committed by both nations.

Transitional Justice for Israel/Palestine will be of interest to researchers, NGOs, and policy makers working in transitional justice and societies with ongoing conflict.
1 The Historical Framework: The Struggle over Narrative, Memory, and Identity
1(28)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Part One: `1948'
3(12)
Historical Outline
3(6)
Collective Memory and National Narratives
9(3)
Competing Victimhood
12(3)
1.3 Part Two: `1967'
15(6)
Historical Outline
15(1)
National Narratives
16(5)
1.4 Part Three: Second Intifada (2000-2005)
21(8)
Historical Outline
21(2)
National Narratives
23(6)
2 Legal Dimensions of the Conflict and Legacies of Human Rights Abuse
29(76)
2.1 Introduction
29(1)
2.2 Part One (1948): The Palestinian Right of Return
30(16)
Relevant Palestinian Specific UN Texts (UNG A Resolutions)
31(4)
International Human Rights Instruments
35(9)
Customary International Law
44(1)
Conclusion
45(1)
2.3 Part Two: 1967, Legal Regime in the Palestinian Territories
46(15)
Applicability of IHL to the Territories
46(3)
Applicability of Occupation Law to Israel
49(6)
Applicability of Human Rights Law in the Territories
55(6)
2.4 Part Three: Second Intifada Legacies of Abuse
61(41)
Applicability of IHL to the Second Intifada
62(7)
Duties of Non-state Actors and Palestinian Obligations
69(4)
Palestinian International Legal Violations
73(5)
Justifications by Palestinian Armed Groups
78(5)
PA Accountability
83(1)
Israeli Obligations During Second Intifada
84(2)
Israeli Violations
86(12)
Israeli Self-Defence Claims
98(2)
Israeli Impunity?
100(2)
2.5 Conclusion
102(3)
3 Transitional Justice: `Truth', `Justice', and `Reconciliation' in Conflict Resolution
105(22)
3.1 Introduction
105(1)
3.2 Part One: Theory and Meaning of Transitional Justice
106(4)
A `Holistic' Menu of Measures
108(2)
3.3 Part Two: Debates on the Value of Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation
110(15)
The Normative Value of `Truth' and Engaging the Past
110(5)
The Normative Value of Justice and Human Rights Law
115(4)
The Normative Value of Reconciliation
119(6)
3.4 Conclusion
125(2)
4 The Applicability of Transitional Justice to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
127(32)
4.1 Introduction
127(1)
4.2 Part One: The Existing Israeli-Palestinian Paradigm of Conflict Resolution
128(5)
Excluding Transitional Justice
128(1)
Sidelining `1948' and `Justice'
129(1)
Sidelining Human Rights
130(2)
Sidelining Reconciliation
132(1)
4.3 Part Two: Normative Value of Transitional Justice to Israelis and Palestinians
133(11)
Value of Engaging the Past and Truth-Telling
133(3)
Desirability of `Justice' and Human Rights to Israelis and Palestinians
136(5)
Desirability of Reconciliation to Israelis and Palestinians
141(3)
4.4 Part Three: Transitional Justice Mechanisms: Obstacles and Opportunities for the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
144(13)
Introduction
144(1)
Expanding the Theoretical Framework for Israeli-Palestinian Mechanisms
144(7)
Expanding Practice: Transitional Justice in Active Conflict
151(6)
4.5 Conclusion
157(2)
5 International Criminal Justice, the ICC, and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
159(50)
5.1 Introduction
159(1)
5.2 Part One: The Field of International Criminal Justice
160(4)
The Prosecution Preference
161(2)
Conceptual Tension: Is ICJ a Tool or a Field?
163(1)
5.3 Part Two: ICC Procedural History in Israel/Palestine
164(7)
ICC Route
165(1)
ICC Preliminary Examination
166(1)
OTP Referral on `Statehood'
167(1)
Recent Developments
168(3)
5.4 Part Three: Jurisdictional Hurdles at the ICC
171(22)
Palestinian Statehood and Territory
171(7)
Complementarity
178(6)
`Gravity'
184(5)
`Interests of Justice'
189(4)
5.5 Part Four: Normative Objections to ICJ and Prosecution Preference
193(14)
Retribution and Victims' Rights
194(3)
Deterrence
197(1)
Positive Complementarity
198(3)
Individual Responsibility
201(1)
Feasibility and Selectivity
202(2)
Legal Norms and Moral Standards
204(2)
Truth-Telling and Reconciliation
206(1)
5.6 Conclusion
207(2)
6 The Applicability of Truth Commissions to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
209(30)
6.1 Introduction
209(1)
6.2 Part One: Defining Truth Commissions
210(3)
More Than Second-Best
211(1)
Normative Goals
212(1)
6.3 Part Two: Truth Commissions and `Justice'
213(9)
Beyond `An Eye for an Eye'
214(1)
Widening the Net of Accountability: Complicity and Collaboration
215(1)
Institutional Accountability
216(1)
Selling Out `Justice'?
217(2)
`Some Better Than None': Relative Justice for Transition
219(1)
Complementarity: ICC and Truth Commissions?
220(2)
Conclusion
222(1)
6.4 Part Three: Truth Commissions and `Truth-Telling'
222(6)
Broader `Truths'
222(1)
Quality of `Truths'?
223(2)
Narrative `Truths': Revealing as Healing
225(1)
Truth Vs. Reconciliation: Catharsis or Can of Worms?
226(2)
Conclusion
228(1)
6.5 Part Four: Truth Commissions and `Reconciliation'
228(8)
National Reconciliation
228(2)
Beyond Forgiveness and Repentance
230(1)
Empathy as Reconciliation
231(2)
Local Involvement and Institutional Reform
233(1)
Reconciling the Past: `Narrowing the Lies'
234(1)
Reconciliation as a `Process'
235(1)
Conclusion
236(1)
6.6 Part Five: Truth Commission Limitations
236(2)
6.7 Conclusion
238(1)
7 Transitional Justice and Civil Society
239(66)
7.1 Introduction
239(1)
7.2 Part One: Value of Civil Society to Transitional Justice
240(11)
State-Centric Theory
240(1)
Rise of Civil Society
241(1)
Civil Society and Official Truth Commissions
242(2)
`Transitional Justice from Below': Independent Actors
244(1)
Comparative Advantage in Ongoing Conflict
245(1)
Peacemaking (Civic Representation and Mobilisation)
246(2)
Peacemaking: Civic Consultation and Drafting
248(2)
Challenges
250(1)
Conclusion
250(1)
7.3 Part Two: Unofficial Transitional Justice Mechanisms and Truth-Seeking
251(11)
Value of Unofficial Truth-Seeking Measures
251(1)
Unofficial Vs. Official Truth Commissions
252(2)
Viable Alternatives to Official Truth-Telling
254(4)
Unofficial Civic Advantage
258(2)
Challenges
260(1)
Conclusion
261(1)
7.4 Part Three: Israeli--Palestinian Civil Society: Capacity and Challenges
262(12)
Introduction
262(1)
Defining Israeli/Palestinian Civil Society Actors
262(2)
Israeli--Palestinian Civic Peacebuilding and Human Rights
264(4)
Challenges for Israeli--Palestinian Civic Peacebuilding and Human Rights
268(6)
7.5 Part Four: Israeli/Palestinian Civic Resistance to Transitional Justice
274(7)
Hegemonic Security Discourse
274(2)
Sidelining 1948 and Collective Rights
276(1)
Legalism
277(2)
Palestinian Law-Fare and Absolute Justice
279(1)
Public Hostility
280(1)
Conclusion
280(1)
7.6 Part Five: Unofficial Israeli--Palestinian Transitional Justice Activity
281(21)
Unilateral Transitional Justice Measures
282(9)
Collaborative Initiatives
291(7)
Challenges and Opportunities for Israeli-Palestinian Transitional Justice Projects
298(4)
7.7 Conclusion
302(3)
8 Architecture of an Israeli-Palestinian Truth and Empathy Commission: Design, Goals, and Challenges
305(67)
8.1 Introduction
305(1)
8.2 Part One: IPTEC Institutional Design
306(39)
Introduction and Guiding Principles
306(3)
IPTEC Bodies
309(3)
Local Ownership and International Support
312(10)
Bi-national IPTEC
322(3)
Commissioner Selection
325(2)
Composition of Commission
327(5)
Temporal Parameters
332(4)
Legal Mandate
336(6)
Joint Accountability
342(3)
8.3 Part Two: Goals of the IPTEC
345(19)
IPTEC and Truth-Telling
346(4)
IPTEC and Justice
350(6)
IPTEC and Reconciliation
356(8)
8.4 Part Three: Overcoming Objections
364(8)
Asymmetry of Power
365(2)
Timing and Political Feasibility
367(3)
Public Support and Civic Capacity
370(2)
Concluding Remarks: Expectations, Risks, and Impact 372(5)
Appendix: The Israeli--Palestinian Truth and Empathy Commission (IPTEC) Functional Structure 377(2)
Index 379
Dr Jeremie M Bracka is an Australian-Israeli human rights lawyer and academic at Monash University (Melbourne). He was a Transitional Justice postdoctoral fellow and lecturer at Hebrew University, Minerva Center for Human Rights (Jerusalem). He lectures in constitutional law, torts, human rights law, international criminal law and transitional justice. His PhD from Monash University (2020) focused on transitional justice in ongoing conflict and specifically Israel/Palestine. Jeremie has been widely published in Oxford University Press, the Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law and the Melbourne Journal of International law. In 2018, Jeremie won the Monash University Law Publication Award for his chapter in Law and Memory: Towards Legal Governance of History (Cambridge University Press, 2017). He has worked as a legal advisor at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (2004), Israels Permanent Mission to the U.N (2009), Israels Supreme Court (2010) and the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2011-13).