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E-raamat: A Triple Bottom Line Analysis of Global Consumption: Economic, Environmental, and Social Effects of Pre-Pandemic World Trade 1990 2015

Edited by (The University of Sydney, Australia), Edited by (The University of Sydney, Australia), Edited by (University of Leeds, United Kingdom), Edited by
  • Formaat: 570 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: Jenny Stanford Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781000523140
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A Triple Bottom Line Analysis of Global Consumption: Economic, Environmental, and Social Effects of Pre-Pandemic World Trade 1990 2015Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: 570 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: Jenny Stanford Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781000523140
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This book adds a whole new dimension to the editors’ previous work on the social, economic, and environmental effects of global trade. For the first time it brings all three pillars of sustainability together into one coherent multiregional input–output (MRIO) framework. It shows the power of MRIO analysis to illuminate the local and global interdependencies of economic, environmental, and social systems and the benefits to be gained through analysing all three together. Change one thing and everything else changes. With chapters from around 60 researchers across 34 countries, this book illustrates the effect of natural resources and government policy settings 1990–2015 on the balancing act that was—and is—global trade. It provides a holistic systems’ view of how supply chains work, revealing how easily they can become fragmented and out of kilter. And within all the chaos of COVID-19 it shows how MRIO is the one tool that can help rebuild a post-pandemic global economy into a fairer, safer world.



This book brings all three pillars of sustainability together into one coherent multiregional input–output (MRIO) framework. It shows the power of MRIO analysis to illuminate the local and global interdependencies of economic, environmental, and social systems and the benefits to be gained through analysing all three together.
List of Contributors
xvii
Foreword xxi
Preface xxv
Part I Introduction
1 A Global Perspective on Sustainable Development
3(10)
Kirsten S. Wiebe
1.1 Global Sustainability Agendas
3(2)
1.2 Analysis: Global and Regional Development
5(3)
1.3 Discussion: Importance of Accounting for International Trade
8(1)
1.4 The Next
Chapters
9(4)
2 Deepening of Global Value Chains
13(26)
Norihiko Yamano
Kirsten S. Wiebe
2.1 Introduction
13(2)
2.2 Global Demand for Textiles, ICT Equipment, and Motor Vehicles
15(12)
2.2.1 Textiles
17(2)
2.2.2 ICT and Electronics
19(4)
2.2.3 Motor Vehicles
23(3)
2.2.4 Role of Services
26(1)
2.3 Drivers of Change in Regional Value Added along GVCs
27(6)
2.3.1 Textiles
29(2)
2.3.2 ICT and Electronics
31(2)
2.3.3 Motor Vehicles
33(1)
2.4 Summary: Comparing Value Added, Final Demand, CO2, and Employment
33(6)
3 Money Cannot Compensate for Entropy: Ecologically Unequal Exchange and the Decoupling of Economics from Reality
39(12)
Alf Hornborg
3.1 Introduction
39(2)
3.2 Ecologically Unequal Exchange as Neocolonialism
41(1)
3.3 Unequal Exchange as the Blind Spot of Economics
42(4)
3.4 Insidious Logic of All-Purpose Money
46(5)
References
49(2)
4 Is It the End of World (Trade) as We Know It? Changes in Global Trade Patterns after the Outbreak of COVID-19
51(12)
Andre Carrascal Incera
Esteban Fernandez Vazquez
Mdnica Serrano
4.1 Introduction
51(1)
4.2 How World Trade Has Changed in 2020?
52(5)
4.3 Expected Outcomes from the Literature
57(3)
4.4 Conclusion
60(3)
5 Measuring Impacts in Global Value Chains through Consumption-Based Accounting
63(16)
Moana Simas
5.1 Consumption-Based Accounting: Linking Global Value Chains to Consumption
64(3)
5.2 Environmentally Extended MRIO Analysis for Consumption-Based Accounting
67(1)
5.3 Eora Database
68(2)
5.4 Fundamentals of Environmentally Extended MRIO Mathematical Modeling
70(9)
Part II Europe
6 Europe: A Resource-Dependent Region with Strong Sustainability-Oriented Policies
79(6)
Moana Simas
6.1 Introduction
79(1)
6.2 Summary of the Analysis
80(5)
7 European Union: Protecting the Environment while Securing Jobs and Growth
85(20)
Jose Manuel Rueda-Cantuche
7.1 Introduction
85(2)
7.2 Analysis of Value Added in Trade
87(4)
7.3 Analysis of Trade in Employment
91(4)
7.4 Analysis of Trade in C02 Emissions
95(7)
7.5 Conclusion
102(3)
8 Austria
105(18)
Barbara Plank
Nina Eisenmenger
Dominik Wiedenhofer
8.1 Introduction
105(4)
8.2 Analysis
109(7)
8.3 Conclusion
116(7)
9 Bulgaria
123(8)
Diana Ivanovo
9.1 Introduction
123(1)
9.2 Analysis
124(4)
9.2.1 General Trends
124(1)
9.2.2 Electricity, Gas, and Water
125(2)
9.2.3 Transport Sector
127(1)
9.3 Discussion and Conclusion
128(3)
10 France: International Resources for a Sustainable, Inclusive, and Innovative Future?
131(10)
Yannick Oswald
10.1 Introduction
131(2)
10.2 Analysis
133(3)
10.3 Discussion and Conclusion
136(5)
11 Germany
141(8)
Lisa Becker
Christian Lutz
11.1 Introduction
141(3)
11.2 Analysis and Discussion
144(3)
11.2.1 Energy
144(1)
11.2.2 C02 Emissions
144(1)
11.2.3 Raw Materials
145(2)
11.3 Conclusion
147(2)
12 Italy
149(14)
Tullio Gregori
12.1 Introduction
149(2)
12.2 Analysis
151(8)
12.3 Conclusion
159(4)
13 The Netherlands
163(8)
Glenn A. Aguilar-Hernandez
Joao F. D. Rodrigues
Arnold Tukker
13.1 Introduction
163(1)
13.2 Analysis
164(3)
13.3 Discussion
167(1)
13.4 Conclusion
167(4)
14 Norway: Rich + Green = Sustainable?
171(10)
Carl-Johan Sodersten
Sarah Schmidt
14.1 Introduction
171(1)
14.2 Analysis
172(4)
14.3 Discussion and Conclusion
176(5)
15 Sweden: An Environmental Success Story
181(10)
Sarah Schmidt
Carl-Johan Sodersten
15.1 Introduction
181(1)
15.2 Analysis
182(4)
15.3 Discussion and Conclusion
186(5)
16 The UK: A Proud Leader, or Dishonest User of Statistics
191(10)
Simon Mair
Angela Druckman
16.1 Introduction
191(1)
16.2 Analysis and Discussion
192(4)
16.3 Conclusion
196(5)
17 Poland
201(12)
Marta Baltruszewicz
17.1 Introduction
201(2)
17.2 Analysis
203(10)
17.2.1 Domestic Economic Growth and Their Impacts on Environment before and after Joining the EU
203(3)
17.2.2 Coal Dependency
206(2)
17.2.3 Alternatives to Fossil-Fuel Energy: What about Renewables?
208(1)
17.2.4 Discussion and Conclusion
209(4)
18 Transition of Slovakia toward a Modern Market Economy
213(8)
Martin Ldbaj
18.1 Introduction
213(2)
18.2 Analysis
215(4)
18.3 Conclusion
219(2)
19 Spain
221(14)
Paola Rocchi
Juan-Manuel Valderas Jaramillo
19.1 Introduction
221(2)
19.2 Analysis
223(6)
19.3 Conclusion
229(6)
Part III Africa
20 Africa as Net Exporter of Natural Resources and Pollution
235(6)
Martin P. de Wit
20.1 Introduction
235(1)
20.2 Summary of the Analysis
236(2)
20.3 Setting up the Discussion
238(3)
21 South Africa: The Sideways Drift of a Jobless Coal-and-Carbon Nexus
241(10)
Martin P. de Wit
21.1 Introduction
241(1)
21.2 Analysis
242(5)
21.2.1 Employment
242(1)
21.2.2 CO2
243(2)
21.2.3 Carbon Intensity of Employment
245(1)
21.2.4 Embodied Carbon in Exports
246(1)
21.3 Discussion
247(2)
21.4 Conclusion
249(2)
22 Ghana
251(10)
Takako Wakiyama
22.1 Introduction
251(1)
22.2 Analysis
252(5)
22.3 Conclusion
257(4)
23 Kenya
261(12)
Sofia Jimenez Calvo
23.1 Introduction
261(2)
23.2 Analysis
263(5)
23.3 Discussion
268(2)
23.4 Conclusion
270(3)
24 Morocco
273(8)
Patrizio Lecca
Giovanni Mandras
24.1 The Economy
273(2)
24.2 Resource Footprint
275(5)
24.3 Conclusion
280(1)
25 Malawi
281(10)
Patrizio Lecca
Giovanni Mandras
25.1 The Economy
281(1)
25.2 Resource Footprint
282(5)
25.3 Conclusion
287(4)
Part IV The Americas
26 The Americas: On Track toward Sustainable Development?
291(12)
Jorge Gomez-Paredes
26.1 Introduction
291(1)
26.2 Summary of the Analyses
292(4)
26.3 Setting up the Discussion
296(7)
27 Ecuador: A Traditional Development Path
303(18)
Jorge Gomez-Paredes
Sofia Rojo
Jordi Cravioto
27.1 Introduction
303(2)
27.2 Analysis
305(10)
27.3 Discussion
315(3)
27.4 Conclusion
318(3)
28 Bolivia
321(16)
Andres Escobar Espinoza
Bernardo Romero Torres
28.1 Introduction
321(3)
28.2 Analysis
324(9)
28.3 Conclusion
333(4)
29 Nicaragua: Central America's Green Lung. But How much Longer?
337(8)
Sarah Schmidt
Carl-Johan Sodersten
29.1 Introduction
337(1)
29.2 Analysis
338(2)
29.3 Discussion and Conclusion
340(5)
30 Brazil
345(8)
Alessandra Maria Giacomin
Sergio Almeida Pacca
30.1 Introduction
345(2)
30.2 Analysis
347(1)
30.3 Discussion
348(3)
30.4 Conclusion
351(2)
31 Colombia
353(10)
Una I. Brand-Correa
31.1 Introduction
353(1)
31.2 Analysis and Discussion
354(6)
31.2.1 Trade Liberalization
354(1)
31.2.2 Economic Implications
355(3)
31.2.3 Social Implications
358(1)
31.2.4 Environmental Implications
358(2)
31.3 Conclusion
360(3)
32 Mexico: 20 Years of North American Free-Trade Agreement. Socio-Environmental Trends and Unequal Exchange
363(20)
Gibran Vita
32.1 Introduction
363(1)
32.2 A Free-Trade Nation
364(2)
32.2.1 North American Free-Trade Agreement
365(1)
32.3 Expected Socio-Ecological Effects of NAFTA
366(1)
32.4 Analysis
367(10)
32.4.1 Growth on Emissions and Resource Use since 1990
367(2)
32.4.2 NAFTA Effect on Employment
369(1)
32.4.3 Pre- and Post-NAFTA Trends in Economic, Social, and Environmental Indicators
370(2)
32.4.4 Land and Water Footprints Particularly Sensitive to Free Trade
372(1)
32.4.5 Evolution of Carbon Emissions: Production, Consumption, and Intensity
372(2)
32.4.6 Has NAFTA Contributed to the Equal Exchange of Natural and Human Capital between USA-CAN and Mexico?
374(3)
32.5 Discussion
377(2)
32.5.6.1 Limitations
378(1)
32.6 Conclusion
379(4)
33 Argentina: Energy Transition to a Cleaner Economy
383(14)
Maria Priscila Ramos
Carlos Adrian Romero
33.1 Introduction
383(2)
33.2 Analysis and Discussion
385(7)
33.3 Conclusion
392(5)
34 Chile
397(8)
Loreto Bieritz
34.1 Introduction
397(2)
34.2 Analysis and Discussion
399(4)
34.2.1 Water
399(1)
34.2.2 Energy
400(1)
34.2.3 Employment
401(2)
34.3 Conclusion
403(2)
35 United States of America
405(12)
T. Reed Miller
Catherine Benoit Norris
35.1 Introduction
405(1)
35.2 Analysis
406(6)
35.2.1 Trends in US Consumption Share
406(1)
35.2.2 C02
407(5)
35.2.3 Biomass
412(1)
35.3 Discussion
412(1)
35.4 Conclusion
413(4)
Part V Asia and Oceania
36 Asia and Oceania: Mutual Outsourcing Partners
417(6)
Keisuke Nansai
36.1 Introduction
417(2)
36.2 Recommended Reading Points
419(4)
37 China
423(18)
Yafei Wang
37.1 Introduction
423(2)
37.2 Historical Analysis of China's CO2 Emissions
425(4)
37.2.1 Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in China
425(1)
37.2.2 Production-versus Consumption-Based Emissions
426(2)
37.2.3 Carbon Efficiency and Economic Restructuring in China
428(1)
37.3 Sector Variations of China's Emissions
429(4)
37.3.1 Key Sectors in Production-Based Emissions in China
429(1)
37.3.2 Sector Distributions of Consumption-Based Emissions in China
430(3)
37.4 Emissions Embodied in China's International Trade
433(4)
37.4.1 Export-Emissions of China
433(2)
37.4.2 Dependency on Foreign Resource
435(2)
37.5 Conclusion
437(4)
38 Japan
441(10)
Takako Wakiyama
38.1 Introduction
441(1)
38.2 Analysis
442(6)
38.3 Discussion
448(3)
39 Indonesia
451(12)
Futu Faturay
39.1 Introduction
451(2)
39.2 Analysis
453(6)
39.2.1 Spillover Effects Due to Global Supply-Chain Disruption
453(3)
39.2.2 Spillover Effects Due to Shortage of Global Tourists
456(3)
39.2.3 Job Losses Due to Covid-19 Pandemic
459(1)
39.3 Conclusion
459(4)
40 Russia
463(10)
Kirill Muradov
40.1 Introduction
463(1)
40.2 Implications of Being an "Energy Superpower": Consumption-Based Perspective
464(6)
40.3 Conclusion
470(3)
41 Australia: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
473(10)
Jacob Fry
Murray Hall
Barney Foran
41.1 Introduction
473(2)
41.2 Analysis
475(3)
41.3 Discussion and Conclusion
478(5)
42 New Zealand
483(16)
John Holt
42.1 Introduction
483(2)
42.2 Analysis
485(8)
42.2.1 CO2
486(5)
42.2.2 Gray Water
491(2)
42.3 Discussion
493(1)
42.4 Conclusion
494(5)
Part VI Middle East
43 Middle East: The Dilemma of Oil, Water, and Development
499(4)
Moslem Yousefzadeh
Syed Muhammad Hassan Ali
43.1 Introduction
499(1)
43.2 Summary of the Analysis
500(1)
43.3 Setting up the Discussion
501(2)
44 Iran
503(8)
Moslem Yousefzadeh
44.1 Introduction
503(2)
44.2 Analysis
505(2)
44.3 Discussion
507(1)
44.4 Conclusion
508(3)
45 Iraq
511(6)
Syed Muhammad Hassan Ali
45.1 Introduction
511(1)
45.2 Analysis
512(3)
45.3 Conclusion
515(2)
Index 517
Joy Murray is a senior research fellow with the Integrated Sustainability Analysis (ISA) group at the School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia. Before joining ISA, Dr. Murray worked for over 25 years in education, preschool to postgraduate. She has also worked with residents of government housing estates to collaboratively develop leadership capacity.

Anne Owen is an academic fellow at the Sustainability Research Institute at the School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, UK. Dr. Owen has a background in end-use energy demand and consumption-based energy and carbon accounting using state-of-the-art MRIO databases. She is responsible for constructing the model being used to calculate the UKs carbon and material footprintthe statistics reported annually by the UK Government.

Moana Simas is a researcher at the Sustainable Energy Technologies group at SINTEF, one of the largest independent research organizations in Europe. She has a background in environmental sciences and energy systems. Her current work focusses on assessing triple bottom line impacts of technology change, climate policies, and circular economy strategies on local and global value chains.

Arunima Malik is an academic at the University of Sydney. She has expertise in undertaking Big-Data modelling of sustainability performance of products, processes, and organisations, and to quantify sustainability impacts at local, national, and global scales. She works closely with the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network for undertaking assessments for quantifying spillover effects in international supply chains.
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