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E-raamat: Tuvaluan: A Polynesian Language of the Central Pacific.

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(Professor of Cultural Anthropology at the University of Amsterdam)
  • Formaat: 688 pages
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Sep-2002
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781134974726
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Tuvaluan: A Polynesian Language of the Central Pacific.Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: 688 pages
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Sep-2002
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781134974726
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Tuvaluan is a Polynesian language spoken by the 9,000 inhabitants of the nine atolls of Tuvalu in the Central Pacific, as well as small and growing Tuvaluan communities in Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia. This grammar is the first detailed description of the structure of Tuvaluan, one of the least well-documented languages of Polynesia. Tuvaluan pays particular attention to discourse and sociolinguistics factors at play in the structural organization of the language.

Arvustused

'Tuvaluan is a tour de force, a work of consummate scholarship, most unlikely to be bettered in its essentials.' - H.G.A. Hughes, Languages and Literature

List of tables, maps, and figures
xiv
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviations and grammaticality conventions xvi
0 Introduction xvii
0.1 Tuvalu xvii
0.2 Population xix
0.3 Tuvaluan society xx
0.4 The Tuvaluan language xxi
0.4.1 Genetic affiliations and sociolinguistic content xxi
0.4.2 Typological characteristics xxiv
0.4.3 Previous descriptions xxv
0.4.4 Organization of the grammar and database xxv
0.4.5 Orthography xxvi
1 Syntax
1(263)
1.1 General features
1(114)
1.1.1 Sentence-types
1(1)
1.1.1.1 Direct speech and quoted speech
1(5)
1.1.1.2 Interrogative sentences
6(27)
1.1.1.3 Imperative sentences
33(6)
1.1.1.4 Other distinct sentence types
39(1)
1.1.1.5 Indirect speech acts
40(5)
1.1.2 Subordination
45(1)
1.1.2.1 General markers of subordination
46(8)
1.1.2.2 Noun clauses
54(9)
1.1.2.3 Relative clauses
63(17)
1.1.2.4 Adverb clauses
80(27)
1.1.2.5 Sequence of tenses
107(1)
1.1.2.6 Equi-deletion
107(3)
1.1.2.7 Noun-phrase raising
110(5)
1.2 Structural features
115(36)
1.2.1 Internal structure of the sentence
115(1)
1.2.1.1 Copular sentences
115(11)
1.2.1.2 Verbal sentences
126(10)
1.2.1.3 Adverbials
136(3)
1.2.2 Adjective phrases
139(1)
1.2.2.1 Operational definition for the adjective phrase
139(1)
1.2.2.2 Adjectives that take arguments
140(2)
1.2.2.3 Adverbial modifiers of adjectives
142(1)
1.2.2.4 Order of arguments and modifiers
142(1)
1.2.3 Adverbial phrases
143(1)
1.2.3.1 Operational definition for the adverbial phrase
143(1)
1.2.3.2 Adverbial modifiers of adverbials
143(1)
1.2.3.3 Order of modifying and modified adverbials
144(1)
1.2.3.4 Restriction of adverbial modifiers to particular adverbials
144(1)
1.2.4 Prepositional phrases
144(1)
1.2.4.1 Operational definition for the prepositional phrase
144(1)
1.2.4.2 Prepositions and their objects
145(1)
1.2.4.3 Modifiers of prepositions
145(1)
1.2.4.4 Prepositions that can govern more than one case
145(1)
1.2.5 Noun phrases
145(1)
1.2.5.1 Operational definition for the noun phrase
145(1)
1.2.5.2 Modifiers in noun phrases
146(3)
1.2.5.3 Order of modifiers of the same type
149(1)
1.2.5.4 Inadmissible combinations of modifier types
150(1)
1.2.5.5 Order of the head and modifiers
150(1)
1.3 Coordination
151(26)
1.3.1 Characteristics of coordinate structures
151(1)
1.3.1.1 Sentence coordination
151(6)
1.3.1.2 Number of coordinators
157(1)
1.3.1.3 Coordination of nonsentential elements
158(8)
1.3.1.4 Coordination and accompaniment
166(2)
1.3.1.5 Structural parallelism in coordinate structures
168(3)
1.3.1.6 Double additive coordination
171(2)
1.3.1.7 Split noun-phrase coordination
173(1)
1.3.2 Omission of sentence elements in coordinated sentences
174(2)
1.3.3 Omission of elements in other coordinated constructions
176(1)
1.3.3.1 Omission of elements in noun-phrase coordination
176(1)
1.3.3.2 Omission of elements in adjective-phrase coordination
176(1)
1.3.3.3 Omission of elements in adverbial-phrase coordination
176(1)
1.4 Negation
177(15)
1.4.1 Sentence negation
180(1)
1.4.1.1 Verbal sentence negation
180(2)
1.4.1.2 Verbless sentence negation
182(1)
1.4.2 Constituent negation
182(4)
1.4.3 Multiple negatives
186(1)
1.4.4 Negation of coordinated elements
186(1)
1.4.5 Negation in subordinate clauses
186(1)
1.4.6 Subordinators with inherently negative meaning
187(1)
1.4.7 Other lexemes and constructions with negative meaning
188(4)
1.5 Anaphora
192(10)
1.5.1 Means of expressing anaphora
193(1)
1.5.1.1 Deletion
193(1)
1.5.1.2 Deletion and verb-marking
193(1)
1.5.1.3 Ordinary personal pronoun
194(1)
1.5.1.4 Reflexive pronoun
194(1)
1.5.1.5 Special anaphoric pronoun
194(3)
1.5.1.6 Other means
197(1)
1.5.2 Domains of anaphora
198(1)
1.5.2.1 Within the clause
198(1)
1.5.2.2 Between coordinate structures
198(1)
1.5.2.3 Between superordinate and subordinate clauses
198(3)
1.5.2.4 Between different subordinate clauses
201(1)
1.5.2.5 Between different sentences
202(1)
1.5.3 Anaphoric elements next to complementizers
202(1)
1.6 Reflexives
202(10)
1.6.1 Means of expressing reflexivity
202(1)
1.6.1.1-3 Reflexive pronouns and verbal affixes
202(1)
1.6.1.4 Other means
203(1)
1.6.1.5 Means of circumventing reflexivity
204(3)
1.6.2 Clause-boundedness of reflexivity
207(1)
1.6.3-4 Constraints on the antecedent
208(2)
1.6.5 Constraints on the target
210(1)
1.6.6 Reflexivity in nominalized clauses
211(1)
1.6.7 Reflexive relations in ordinary noun phrases
211(1)
1.6.8 Reflexive structures without overt antecedent
212(1)
1.6.9 Other uses of reflexive forms
212(1)
1.7 Reciprocals
212(5)
1.7.1 Means of expressing reciprocality
212(1)
1.7.1.1-2 Reciprocal pronouns
212(1)
1.7.1.3 Verbal affixes
212(1)
1.7.1.4 Quantifiers
213(1)
1.7.1.5 Lexical means
213(2)
1.7.2 Clause-boundedness of reciprocality
215(1)
1.7.3-5 Constraints on the antecedent and target
215(2)
1.7.6 Reciprocality in nominalized clauses
217(1)
1.7.7 Reciprocal relations in ordinary noun phrases
217(1)
1.7.8 Reciprocal structures without overt antecedent
217(1)
1.7.9 Other uses of reciprocal forms
217(1)
1.8 Comparison
217(7)
1.8.1 Means of expressing comparison
217(3)
1.8.2-4 Omission under identity in comparative constructions
220(1)
1.8.5 Differences between comparative structures
221(1)
1.8.6 Correlative comparison
221(1)
1.8.7 Superlative comparison
222(2)
1.9 Equatives
224(4)
1.9.1 Means of expressing equatives
224(4)
1.9.2--4 Omission under identity in equative constructions
228(1)
1.9.5 Differences between equative structures
228(1)
1.10 Possession
228(6)
1.10.1 Possessive sentences
228(1)
1.10.1.1 Possessive sentences with existential verbs
228(1)
1.10.1.2 Possessive verbs
229(2)
1.10.1.3 Miscellaneous verbs denoting possession
231(2)
1.10.2 Alienable and inalienable possession
233(1)
1.10.3-5 Other categories associated with possession
234(1)
1.11 Emphasis
234(13)
1.11.1 Sentence emphasis
234(1)
1.11.1.1-2 Contradictory v. noncontradictory emphasis
234(1)
1.11.1.3 Means of expressing sentence emphasis
234(4)
1.11.2 Constituent emphasis
238(1)
1.11.2.1 Means of expressing constituent emphasis
238(7)
1.11.2.2 Elements that can be emphasized by various means
245(1)
1.11.3 Focus of yes-no questions
246(1)
1.12 Topic
247(2)
1.12.1 Means of expressing sentence topic
247(1)
1.12.2 Elements that can be topicalized
248(1)
1.12.2.1 Constituent types
248(1)
1.12.2.2 Constituent functions
248(1)
1.12.2.3 Morphological processes accompanying movement
249(1)
1.13 Heavy shift
249(1)
1.14 Other movement processes
249(5)
1.14.1 Quantifier float
250(3)
1.14.2 Quantifier raising
253(1)
1.15 Minor sentence types
254(2)
1.15.1 Sentences without arguments or with restricted arguments
254(2)
1.15.2 Superlative expressions
256(1)
1.16 Word classes
256(8)
1.16.1 Noun
257(1)
1.16.2 Pronoun
258(1)
1.16.3 Verb
258(1)
1.16.3.1 Lexical verb
258(1)
1.16.3.2 Auxiliary
259(1)
1.16.4 Adjective
260(1)
1.16.4.1 Verbal adjective
260(2)
1.16.4.2 Nominal adjective
262(1)
1.16.4.3 Other adjective
262(1)
1.16.5 Preposition and case marker
263(1)
1.16.6 Numeral, quantifier, and interrogative word
263(1)
2 Morphology
264(344)
2.1 Inflection
264(326)
2.1.1 Noun inflection
264(1)
2.1.1.1 Means of marking syntactic and semantic functions
264(1)
2.1.1.2 Syntactic functions
264(38)
2.1.1.3 Syntactic functions with nonfinite verbs
302(9)
2.1.1.4 Nonlocal semantic functions
311(24)
2.1.1.5 Local semantic functions
335(14)
2.1.1.6 Location in time
349(9)
2.1.1.7 Double case marking
358(1)
2.1.1.8 Number
359(8)
2.1.1.9 Classes and genders
367(1)
2.1.1.10 Definiteness
367(2)
2.1.1.11 Indefiniteness
369(1)
2.1.1.12 Referentiality
370(2)
2.1.1.13 Genericness
372(1)
2.1.1.14 Obviation
373(1)
2.1.2 Pronouns
373(1)
2.1.2.1 Personal pronouns
374(22)
2.1.2.2 Reflexive pronouns
396(1)
2.1.2.3 Reciprocal pronouns
396(1)
2.1.2.4 Possessive pronouns
396(9)
2.1.2.5 Demonstrative pronouns and other demonstrative forms
405(16)
2.1.2.6 Interrogative words
421(12)
2.1.2.7 Relative pronouns and other relative words
433(4)
2.1.3 Verb morphology
437(1)
2.1.3.1 Voice and valency
437(35)
2.1.3.2 Tense
472(7)
2.1.3.3 Aspect
479(16)
2.1.3.4 Mood
495(15)
2.1.3.5 Finite and nonfinite forms
510(4)
2.1.3.6 Agreement in person, number, and other categories
514(24)
2.1.3.7 Serial verbs
538(1)
2.1.4 Adjectives
539(1)
2.1.4.1 Predicative and attributive adjectives
540(1)
2.1.4.2 Absolute and contingent states
541(1)
2.1.4.3 Noun-adjective agreement
541(5)
2.1.4.4 Comparison
546(1)
2.1.4.5 Degrees of quality
547(1)
2.1.4.6 Verbal morphology of predicative adjectives
548(1)
2.1.5 Prepositions and case markers
548(1)
2.1.5.1 Inventory of prepositions and case markers
548(2)
2.1.5.2 Preposition-noun agreement
550(1)
2.1.5.3 Prepositions with pronominal objects
550(1)
2.1.5.4 Prepositions and articles
551(1)
2.1.6 Numerals and quantifiers
551(1)
2.1.6.1 Numerals used in counting
552(1)
2.1.6.2 Cardinal numerals as predicates and attributes
553(5)
2.1.6.3 Specialized numerals
558(11)
2.1.6.4 Ordinal numerals
569(1)
2.1.6.5 Other derivatives of numerals and related forms
570(5)
2.1.6.6 Quantifiers
575(10)
2.1.7 Adverbs
585(1)
2.1.7.1 Comparison
585(1)
2.1.7.2 Degrees of quality
586(1)
2.1.8 Clitics
587(1)
2.1.9 Discourse conjuncts
587(3)
2.2 Derivational morphology
590(18)
2.2.1 Nouns from other categories
591(1)
2.2.1.1 Nouns from nouns
591(1)
2.2.1.2 Nouns from verbs
592(1)
2.2.1.3--4 Nouns from adjectives and adverbs
593(1)
2.2.2 Verbs from other categories
593(1)
2.2.2.1 Verbs from nouns
593(3)
2.2.2.2 Verbs from verbs
596(2)
2.2.2.3-4 Verbs from adjectives and adverbs
598(1)
2.2.2.5 Verbs from interjections
598(1)
2.2.3 Adjectives from other categories
598(1)
2.2.4 Adverbs from other categories
598(1)
2.2.5 Other possibilities
599(1)
2.2.6 Compounding
599(1)
2.2.6.1 Complex prepositions
599(2)
2.2.6.2 Simple derived prepositions
601(1)
2.2.6.3 Compound morphology
601(7)
3 Phonology
608(15)
3.1 Phonological units
608(2)
3.1.1 Inventory of distinctive segments
608(1)
3.1.2 Description of distinctive segments
608(1)
3.1.2.1 Nonsyllabics
608(2)
3.1.2.2 Syllables
610(1)
3.1.2.3 Segments restricted to loanwords
610(1)
3.1.2.4 Segments restricted to particular word classes
610(1)
3.2 Phonotactics
610(2)
3.2.1 Restrictions on consonants
611(1)
3.2.2 Consonant clusters
611(1)
3.2.3 Restrictions on vowels
611(1)
3.2.4 Phonotactic structure of lexical morphemes
611(1)
3.2.5 Syllables
612(1)
3.2.6 Segmental harmony and other sequential restrictions
612(1)
3.3 Suprasegmentals
612(11)
3.3.1 Length contrasts
612(1)
3.3.1.1--3 Vowels
612(1)
3.3.1.4--6 Liquids, nasals, and fricatives
613(1)
3.3.1.7 Plosives
613(1)
3.3.2 Stress
613(1)
3.3.2.1 Significance of stress
613(1)
3.3.2.2 Phonetic correlates of stress
613(1)
3.3.2.3 Stress levels
613(1)
3.3.2.4 Position of stress
613(2)
3.3.3 Pitch and tone
615(1)
3.3.4 Intonation
615(1)
3.4.5 Segmental and suprasegmental morphophonology
616(1)
3.4.1 Segment alternation
616(1)
3.4.1.1--2 Assimilation and dissimilation
616(1)
3.4.1.3 Other alternations between segments
616(2)
3.4.2 Metathesis
618(1)
3.4.3 Coalescence and split
618(1)
3.4.4 Deletion and insertion
618(1)
3.4.4.1 Deletion processes
618(1)
3.4.4.2 Insertion processes
619(1)
3.4.5 Reduplication
619(1)
3.4.5.1 Full reduplication
619(1)
3.4.5.2 Partial reduplication
620(3)
4 Ideophones and Interjections
623(3)
4.1 Ideophones
623(1)
4.2 Interjections
623(3)
5 Lexicon
626(21)
5.1 Structured semantic fields
626(16)
5.1.1 Kinship terminology
626(1)
5.1.1.1 By blood
627(3)
5.1.1.2 By partial blood
630(1)
5.1.1.3 By marriage
630(1)
5.1.1.4--6 By adoption, fosterage, and affiliation
631(2)
5.1.1.7 Terms for pairs of kin
633(1)
5.1.2 Colour terminology
634(1)
5.1.2.1 Basic colour terms
634(1)
5.1.2.2 Nonbasic colour terms
635(2)
5.1.3 Body parts
637(2)
5.1.4 Cooking and eating terminology
639(1)
5.1.4.1 Cooking terminology
640(1)
5.1.4.2 Eating terminology
641(1)
5.2 Basic vocabulary
642(5)
References 647(9)
Index 656
Niko Besnier
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
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