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xi | |
Preface |
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xv | |
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Part I Fundamentals of Ultra-dense Networks |
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1 | (90) |
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1 Fundamental Limits of Ultra-dense Networks |
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3 | (38) |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Wireless Propagation Model |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Performance Metrics |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3 The Quest for Exact Analytical Expressions |
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9 | (16) |
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1.3.1 Coverage Probability |
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10 | (6) |
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1.3.2 The Effect of LOS Fading |
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16 | (3) |
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1.3.3 The Effect of BS Height |
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19 | (6) |
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1.4 The Quest for Scaling Laws |
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25 | (11) |
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26 | (7) |
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1.4.2 Network Performance |
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33 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Network Ordering and Design Guidelines |
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35 | (1) |
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1.5 Conclusions and Future Challenges |
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36 | (5) |
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37 | (4) |
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2 Performance Analysis of Dense Small Cell Networks with Line of Sight and Non-Line of Sight Transmissions under Rician Fading |
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41 | (24) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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2.2.4 User Association Strategy (UAS) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Antenna Radiation Pattern |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.3 Coverage Probability Analysis Based on the Piecewise Path Loss Model |
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44 | (2) |
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2.4 Study of a 3GPP Special Case |
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46 | (6) |
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2.4.1 The Computation of TL1 |
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47 | (1) |
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2.4.2 The Computation of TNL1 |
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48 | (9) |
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2.4.3 The Computation of TL2 |
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51 | (1) |
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2.4.4 The Computation of TNL2 |
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51 | (1) |
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2.4.5 The Results of pcov(λ, γ) and AASE(λ, γ0) |
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52 | (1) |
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2.5 Simulation and Discussion |
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52 | (3) |
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2.5.1 Validation of the Analytical Results of pcov(λ, γ) for the 3GPP Case |
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52 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Discussion on the Analytical Results of AASE(λ, γ) for the 3GPP Case |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (10) |
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Appendix A Proof of Theorem 1.1 |
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55 | (5) |
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Appendix B Proof of Lemma 2.2 |
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60 | (1) |
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Appendix C Proof of Lemma 2.3 |
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61 | (1) |
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Appendix D Proof of Lemma 2.4 |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (3) |
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3 Mean Field Games for 5G Ultra-dense Networks: A Resource Management Perspective |
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65 | (26) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (4) |
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3.2.1 5G Ultra-dense Networks |
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67 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Resource Management Challenges in 5G |
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71 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Game Theory for Resource Management in 5G |
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71 | (1) |
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3.3 Basics of Mean field game |
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71 | (5) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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3.4 MFGs for D2D Communications in 5G |
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76 | (2) |
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3.4.1 Applications of MFGs in 5G Ultra-dense D2D Networks |
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76 | (1) |
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3.4.2 An Example of MFGs for Interference Management in UDN |
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77 | (1) |
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3.5 MFGs for Radio Access Network in 5G |
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78 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Application of MFGs for Radio Access Network in 5G |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.5.3 An Example of MFGs for Radio Access Network in 5G |
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81 | (3) |
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3.6 MFGs in 5G Edge Computing |
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84 | (1) |
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3.6.1 MFG Applications in Edge Cloud Communication |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (6) |
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85 | (6) |
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Part II Ultra-dense Networks with Emerging 5G Technologies |
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91 | (112) |
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4 Inband Full-duplex Self-backhauling in Ultra-dense Networks |
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93 | (20) |
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93 | (1) |
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4.2 Self-backhauling in Existing Literature |
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94 | (1) |
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4.3 Self-backhauling Strategies |
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95 | (4) |
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4.3.1 Half-duplex Base Station without Access Nodes |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Half-duplex Base Station with Half-duplex Access Nodes |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Full-Duplex Base Station with Half-Duplex Access Nodes |
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98 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Half-duplex Base Station with Full-duplex Access Nodes |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4 Transmit Power Optimization under QoS Requirements |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (8) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (6) |
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109 | (4) |
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110 | (3) |
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5 The Role of Massive MIMO and Small Cells in Ultra-dense Networks |
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113 | (22) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Propagation Environment |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2.3 User Association Policy |
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117 | (1) |
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5.3 Average Downlink Rate |
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117 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Association Probabilities |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Downlink Data Transmission |
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120 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Approximation of Average Downlink Rate |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Validation of Analytical Results |
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123 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Comparison between Massive MIMO and Small Cells |
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124 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Optimal Network Configuration |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (8) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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A.2 Proof of Corollary 5.1 |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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A.5 Proof of Proposition 5.1 |
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130 | (1) |
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A.6 Proof of Proposition 5.2 |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (4) |
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6 Security for Cell-free Massive MIMO Networks |
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135 | (16) |
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135 | (1) |
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6.2 Cell-free Massive MIMO System Model |
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136 | (3) |
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6.3 Cell-free System Model in the presence of an active eavesdropper |
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139 | (4) |
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6.4 On Dealing with Eavesdropper |
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143 | (3) |
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6.4.1 Case 1: Power Coefficients Are Different |
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143 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Case 2: Power Coefficients Are the Same |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (3) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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7 Massive MIMO for High-performance Ultra-dense Networks in the Unlicensed Spectrum |
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151 | (24) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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7.3 Fundamentals of Massive MIMO Unlicensed (mMIMO-U) |
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154 | (6) |
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7.3.1 Channel Covariance Estimation |
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154 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Enhanced Listen Before Talk (eLBT) |
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155 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Neighboring-Node-Aware Scheduling |
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157 | (2) |
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7.3.4 Acquisition of Channel State Information |
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159 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Beamforming with Radiation Nulls |
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160 | (1) |
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7.4 Performance Evaluation |
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160 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Outdoor Deployments |
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160 | (1) |
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7.4.1.1 Cellular/Wi-Fi Coexistence |
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161 | (1) |
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7.4.1.2 Achievable Cellular Data Rates |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (5) |
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7.4.2.1 Channel Access Success Rate |
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166 | (1) |
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7.4.2.2 Downlink User SINR |
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166 | (3) |
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7.4.2.3 Downlink Sum Throughput |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Wi-Fi Channel Subspace Estimation |
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170 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Uplink Transmission |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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172 | (3) |
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8 Energy Efficiency Optimization for Dense Networks |
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175 | (28) |
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175 | (1) |
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8.2 Energy Efficiency Optimization Tools |
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176 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Fractional Programming |
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176 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Concave Fractional Programs |
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177 | (1) |
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8.2.2.1 Parameterized Approach |
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177 | (1) |
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8.2.2.2 Parameter-free Approach |
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178 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Max--Min Fractional Programs |
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179 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Generalized Non-convex Fractional Programs |
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179 | (1) |
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8.2.5 Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Distributed Implementation |
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180 | (1) |
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8.3 Energy Efficiency Optimization for Dense Networks: Case Studies |
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181 | (19) |
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8.3.1 Multiple Radio Access Technologies |
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181 | (1) |
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8.3.1.1 System Model and Energy Efficiency Maximization Problem |
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182 | (2) |
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8.3.1.2 Solution via Parameterized Approach |
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184 | (1) |
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8.3.1.3 Solution via Parameter-free Approach |
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184 | (1) |
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8.3.1.4 Distributed Implementation |
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185 | (4) |
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8.3.1.5 Numerical Examples |
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189 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Dense Small Cell Networks |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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8.3.2.2 Centralized Solution via Successive Convex Approximation |
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193 | (2) |
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8.3.2.3 Distributed Implementation |
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195 | (3) |
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8.3.2.4 Numerical Examples |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (3) |
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200 | (3) |
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Part III Applications of Ultra-dense Networks |
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203 | (86) |
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9 Big Data Methods for Ultra-dense Network Deployment |
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205 | (26) |
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205 | (2) |
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9.1.1 The Economic Case for Big Data in UDNs |
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205 | (2) |
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9.1.2 Chapter Organization |
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207 | (1) |
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9.2 Structured Data Analytics for Traffic Hotspot Characterization |
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207 | (12) |
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9.2.1 Social Media Mapping of Hotspots |
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207 | (4) |
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9.2.2 Community and Cluster Detection |
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211 | (2) |
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9.2.3 Machine Learning for Clustering in Heterogeneous UDNs |
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213 | (6) |
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9.3 Unstructured Data Analytics for Quality-of-Experience Mapping |
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219 | (7) |
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9.3.1 Topic Identification |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Data-Aware Wireless Network (DAWN) |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (5) |
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227 | (4) |
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10 Physical Layer Security for Ultra-dense Networks under Unreliable Backhaul Connection |
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231 | (16) |
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10.1 Backhaul Reliability Level and Performance Limitation |
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232 | (3) |
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10.1.1 Outage Probability Analysis under Backhaul Reliability Impacts |
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233 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Performance Limitation |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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10.2 Unreliable Backhaul Impacts with Physical Layer Security |
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235 | (12) |
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10.2.1 The Two-Phase Transmitter/Relay Selection Scheme |
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237 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Secrecy Outage Probability with Backhaul Reliability Impact |
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240 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Secrecy Performance Limitation under Backhaul Reliability Impact |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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11 Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in UDNs with Caching Architecture |
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247 | (20) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Power Assumption at the Relay |
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252 | (1) |
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11.3 Maximization of the serving information rate |
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252 | (3) |
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11.3.1 Optimization of TS Factors and the Relay Transmit Power |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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11.4 Maximization of the Energy Stored at the Relay |
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255 | (5) |
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11.4.1 Optimization of TS Factors and the Relay Transmit Power |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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263 | (4) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (2) |
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12 Cooperative Video Streaming in Ultra-dense Networks with D2D Caching |
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267 | (22) |
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267 | (1) |
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12.2 5G Network with Dense D2D Caching for Video Streaming |
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268 | (5) |
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12.2.1 System Model and Assumptions |
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269 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Cooperative Transmission Strategy |
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270 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Source Video Packetization Model |
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271 | (2) |
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12.3 Problem Formulation and Solution |
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273 | (3) |
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12.3.1 System Parameters Formulation |
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273 | (1) |
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12.3.1.1 Average Reconstructed Distortion |
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273 | (1) |
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12.3.1.2 Energy Consumption Guarantee |
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274 | (1) |
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12.3.1.3 Co-channel Interference Guarantee |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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12.4 Performance Evaluation |
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276 | (9) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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12.4.2.1 Simulation Setup |
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277 | (3) |
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12.4.2.2 Performance Metrics |
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280 | (5) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (4) |
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285 | (4) |
Index |
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289 | |