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E-raamat: Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB(R) Models

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(Nanyang Technological University, Singapore), (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., European Research Center, Munich, Germany)
  • Formaat: 438 pages
  • Sari: Optics and Photonics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439811306
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Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB(R) ModelsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 438 pages
  • Sari: Optics and Photonics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439811306
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Ultrashort pulses in mode-locked lasers are receiving focused attention from researchers looking to apply them in a variety of fields, from optical clock technology to measurements of the fundamental constants of nature and ultrahigh-speed optical communications. Ultrashort pulses are especially important for the next generation of ultrahigh-speed optical systems and networks operating at 100 Gbps per carrier.

Ultra Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB® Models is a self-contained reference for engineers and others in the fields of applied photonics and optical communications. Covering both fundamentals and advanced research, this book includes both theoretical and experimental results. MATLAB files are included to provide a basic grounding in the simulation of the generation of short pulses and the propagation or circulation around nonlinear fiber rings. With its unique and extensive content, this volume













Covers fundamental principles involved in the generation of ultrashort pulses employing fiber ring lasers, particularly those that incorporate active optical modulators of amplitude or phase types







Presents experimental techniques for the generation, detection, and characterization of ultrashort pulse sequences derived from several current schemes







Describes the multiplication of ultrashort pulse sequences using the Talbot diffraction effects in the time domain via the use of highly dispersive media







Discusses developments of multiple short pulses in the form of solitons binding together by phase states







Elucidates the generation of short pulse sequences and multiple wavelength channels from a single fiber laser

The most practical short pulse sources are always found in the form of guided wave photonic structures. This minimizes problems with alignment and eases coupling into fiber transmission systems. In meeting these requirements, fiber ring lasers operating in active mode serve well as suitable ultrashort pulse sources. It is only a matter of time before scientists building on this research develop the practical and easy-to-use applications that will make ultrahigh-speed optical systems universally available.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Authors xvii
1 Introduction
1(22)
1.1 Ultrahigh Capacity Demands and Short Pulse Lasers
1(4)
1.1.1 Demands
1(3)
1.1.2 Ultrashort Pulse Lasers
4(1)
1.2 Principal Objectives of the Book
5(1)
1.3 Organization of the Book
Chapters
6(3)
1.4 Historical Overview of Ultrashort Pulse Fiber Lasers
9(8)
1.4.1 Overview
9(2)
1.4.2 Mode-Locking Mechanism in Fiber Ring Resonators
11(1)
1.4.2.1 Amplifying Medium and Laser System
12(2)
1.4.2.2 Active Modulation in Laser Cavity
14(1)
1.4.2.3 Techniques for Generation of Terahertz-Repetition-Rate Pulse Trains
15(1)
1.4.2.4 Necessity of Highly Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Section for Ultrahigh-Speed Modulation
16(1)
References
17(6)
2 Principles and Analysis of Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
23(48)
2.1 Principles of Mode Locking
23(2)
2.2 Mode-Locking Techniques
25(11)
2.2.1 Passive Mode Locking
25(2)
2.2.2 Active Mode Locking by Amplitude Modulation
27(1)
2.2.3 Active Medium and Pump Source
28(2)
2.2.4 Filter Design
30(1)
2.2.5 Modulator Design
30(2)
2.2.6 Active Mode Locking by Phase Modulation
32(4)
2.3 Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
36(6)
2.3.1 Principle of Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
36(1)
2.3.2 Multiplication of Repetition Rate
37(2)
2.3.3 Equalizing and Stabilizing Pulses in Rational HMLFL
39(3)
2.4 Analysis of Actively Mode-Locked Lasers
42(23)
2.4.1 Introduction
42(1)
2.4.2 Analysis Using Self-Consistence Condition with Gaussian Pulse Shape
43(3)
2.4.3 Series Approach Analysis
46(3)
2.4.4 Mode Locking
49(1)
2.4.4.1 Mode Locking without Detuning
49(5)
2.4.4.2 Mode Locking by Detuning
54(6)
2.4.5 Simulation
60(5)
2.5 Conclusions
65(1)
References
66(5)
3 Active Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Lasers: Implementation
71(34)
3.1 Building Blocks of Active Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser
71(5)
3.1.1 Laser Cavity Design
72(1)
3.1.2 Active Medium and Pump Source
73(1)
3.1.3 Filter Design
74(1)
3.1.4 Modulator Design
75(1)
3.2 AM and FM Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser
76(5)
3.2.1 AM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
76(2)
3.2.2 FM or PM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
78(3)
3.3 Regenerative Active Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser
81(10)
3.3.1 Experimental Setup
82(2)
3.3.2 Results and Discussion
84(1)
3.3.2.1 Noise Analysis
84(1)
3.3.2.2 Temporal and Spectral Analysis
85(2)
3.3.2.3 Measurement Accuracy
87(1)
3.3.2.4 EDF Cooperative Up-Conversion
88(1)
3.3.2.5 Pulse Dropout
88(3)
3.4 Ultrahigh Repetition-Rate Ultra-Stable Fiber Mode-Locked Lasers
91(11)
3.4.1 Regenerative Mode-Locking Techniques and Conditions for Generation of Transform-Limited Pulses from a Mode-Locked Laser
92(1)
3.4.1.1 Schematic Structure of MLRL
92(1)
3.4.1.2 Mode-Locking Conditions
93(1)
3.4.1.3 Factors Influencing the Design and Performance of Mode Locking and Generation of Optical Pulse Trains
94(2)
3.4.2 Experimental Setup and Results
96(4)
3.4.3 Remarks
100(2)
3.5 Conclusions
102(1)
References
102(3)
4 NLSE Numerical Simulation of Active Mode-Locked Lasers: Time Domain Analysis
105(34)
4.1 Introduction
105(1)
4.2 The Laser Model
106(3)
4.2.1 Modeling the Optical Fiber
106(1)
4.2.2 Modeling the EDFA
107(1)
4.2.3 Modeling the Optical Modulation
107(1)
4.2.4 Modeling the Optical Filter
108(1)
4.3 The Propagation Model
109(9)
4.3.1 Generation and Propagation
109(2)
4.3.2 Results and Discussions
111(1)
4.3.2.1 Propagation of Optical Pulses in the Fiber
111(7)
4.4 Harmonic Mode-Locked Laser
118(13)
4.4.1 Mode-Locked Pulse Evolution
118(4)
4.4.2 Effect of Modulation Frequency
122(1)
4.4.3 Effect of Modulation Depth
123(1)
4.4.4 Effect of the Optical Filter Bandwidth
123(4)
4.4.5 Effect of Pump Power
127(1)
4.4.6 Rational Harmonic Mode-Locked Laser
128(3)
4.5 FM or PM Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
131(3)
4.6 Concluding Remarks
134(2)
References
136(3)
5 Dispersion and Nonlinearity Effects in Active Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
139(38)
5.1 Introduction
139(1)
5.2 Propagation of Optical Pulses in a Fiber
140(7)
5.2.1 Dispersion Effect
141(3)
5.2.2 Nonlinear Effect
144(1)
5.2.3 Soliton
145(1)
5.2.4 Propagation Equation in Optical Fibers
146(1)
5.3 Dispersion Effects in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
147(7)
5.3.1 Zero Detuning
147(3)
5.3.2 Dispersion Effects in Detuned Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
150(3)
5.3.3 Locking Range
153(1)
5.4 Nonlinear Effects in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
154(6)
5.4.1 Zero Detuning
154(3)
5.4.2 Detuning in an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Nonlinearity Effect
157(2)
5.4.3 Pulse Amplitude Equalization in a Harmonic Mode-Locked Fiber Laser
159(1)
5.5 Soliton Formation in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Combined Effect of Dispersion and Nonlinearity
160(5)
5.5.1 Zero Detuning
160(3)
5.5.2 Detuning and Locking Range in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Nonlinearity and Dispersion Effect
163(2)
5.6 Detuning and Pulse Shortening
165(8)
5.6.1 Experimental Setup
165(1)
5.6.2 Mode-Locked Pulse Train with 10GHz Repetition Rate
166(3)
5.6.3 Wavelength Shifting in a Detuned Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Dispersion Cavity
169(2)
5.6.4 Pulse Shortening and Spectrum Broadening under Nonlinearity Effect
171(2)
5.7 Conclusions
173(1)
References
173(4)
6 Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Birefringent Cavity
177(38)
6.1 Introduction
177(1)
6.2 Birefringence Cavity of an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser
178(7)
6.2.1 Simulation Model
180(2)
6.2.2 Simulation Results
182(3)
6.3 Polarization Switching in an Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Birefringence Cavity
185(15)
6.3.1 Experimental Setup
185(1)
6.3.2 Results and Discussion
186(1)
6.3.2.1 H-Mode Regime
186(2)
6.3.2.2 V-Mode Regime
188(1)
6.3.3 Dual Orthogonal Polarization States in an Actively Mode-Locked Birefringent Fiber Ring Laser
189(1)
6.3.3.1 Experimental Setup
189(2)
6.3.3.2 Results and Discussion
191(6)
6.3.4 Pulse Dropout and Sub-Harmonic Locking
197(1)
6.3.5 Concluding Remarks
198(2)
6.4 Ultrafast Tunable Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers
200(10)
6.4.1 Introduction
200(1)
6.4.2 Birefringence Filter
201(1)
6.4.3 Ultrafast Electrically Tunable Filter Based on Electro-Optic Effect of LiNbO3
202(1)
6.4.3.1 Lyot Filter and Wavelength Tuning by a Phase Shifter
202(1)
6.4.3.2 Experimental Results
203(3)
6.4.4 Ultrafast Electrically Tunable MLL
206(1)
6.4.4.1 Experimental Setup
206(1)
6.4.4.2 Experimental Results
207(2)
6.4.5 Concluding Remarks
209(1)
6.5 Conclusions
210(2)
References
212(3)
7 Ultrafast Fiber Ring Lasers by Temporal Imaging
215(18)
7.1 Repetition Rate Multiplication Techniques
215(7)
7.1.1 Fractional Temporal Talbot Effect
216(1)
7.1.2 Other Repetition Rate Multiplication Techniques
217(1)
7.1.3 Experimental Setup
218(1)
7.1.4 Results and Discussion
219(3)
7.2 Uniform Lasing Mode Amplitude Distribution
222(7)
7.2.1 Gaussian Lasing Mode Amplitude Distribution
224(1)
7.2.2 Filter Bandwidth Influence
225(1)
7.2.3 Nonlinear Effects
225(2)
7.2.4 Noise Effects
227(2)
7.3 Conclusions
229(1)
References
230(3)
8 Terahertz Repetition Rate Fiber Ring Laser
233(34)
8.1 Gaussian Modulating Signal
233(7)
8.2 Rational Harmonic Detuning
240(11)
8.2.1 Experimental Setup
241(2)
8.2.2 Results and Discussion
243(8)
8.3 Parametric Amplifier-Based Fiber Ring Laser
251(12)
8.3.1 Parametric Amplification
251(1)
8.3.2 Experimental Setup
252(1)
8.3.3 Results and Discussion
252(1)
8.3.3.1 Parametric Amplifier Action
252(1)
8.3.3.2 Ultrahigh Repetition Rate Operation
253(7)
8.3.3.3 Ultra-Narrow Pulse Operation
260(1)
8.3.3.4 Intracavity Power
261(1)
8.3.3.5 Soliton Compression
262(1)
8.4 Regenerative Parametric Amplifier-Based Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser
263(1)
8.4.1 Experimental Setup
263(1)
8.4.2 Results and Discussion
263(1)
8.5 Conclusions
264(1)
References
265(2)
9 Nonlinear Fiber Ring Lasers
267(26)
9.1 Introduction
267(1)
9.2 Optical Bistability, Bifurcation, and Chaos
268(5)
9.3 Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror
273(3)
9.4 Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror
276(1)
9.5 NOLM-NALM Fiber Ring Laser
277(14)
9.5.1 Simulation of Laser Dynamics
277(3)
9.5.2 Experiment
280(1)
9.5.2.1 Bidirectional Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser
280(5)
9.5.2.2 Continuous-Wave NOLM-NALM Fiber Ring Laser
285(2)
9.5.2.3 Amplitude-Modulated NOLM-NALM Fiber Ring Laser
287(4)
9.6 Conclusions
291(1)
References
291(2)
10 Bound Solitons by Active Phase Modulation Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Lasers
293(34)
10.1 Introduction
293(1)
10.2 Formation of Bound States in an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser
294(3)
10.3 Experimental Technique
297(5)
10.4 Dynamics of Bound States in an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser
302(8)
10.4.1 Numerical Model of an FM Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Laser
302(2)
10.4.2 The Formation of the Bound Soliton States
304(2)
10.4.3 Evolution of the Bound Soliton States in the FM Fiber Loop
306(4)
10.5 Multi-Bound Soliton Propagation in Optical Fiber
310(6)
10.6 Bi-Spectra of Multi-Bound Solitons
316(8)
10.6.1 Definition
316(2)
10.6.2 The Phasor Optical Spectral Analyzers
318(5)
10.6.3 Bi-Spectrum of Duffing Chaotic Systems
323(1)
10.7 Conclusions
324(1)
References
324(3)
11 Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers
327(22)
11.1 Introduction
327(1)
11.2 Numerical Model of an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser
328(4)
11.3 Simulation Results of an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser
332(9)
11.3.1 Effects of Small Positive Dispersion Cavity and Nonlinear Effects on Gain Competition Suppression Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber
332(4)
11.3.2 Effects of a Large Positive Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber in the Cavity on Gain Competition Suppression
336(3)
11.3.3 Effects of a Large Negative Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber in the Cavity on Gain Competition Suppression
339(1)
11.3.4 Effects of Cavity Dispersion and a Hybrid Broadening Gain Medium on the Tolerable Loss Imbalance between the Wavelengths
339(2)
11.4 Experimental Validation and Discussion on an Actively Mode-Locked Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser
341(4)
11.5 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work
345(1)
References
346(3)
Appendix A Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier: Optimum Length and Implementation 349(4)
Appendix B MATLAB® Programs for Simulation 353(50)
Appendix C Abbreviations 403(4)
Index 407
Le Nguyen Binh received his BE (Hons) and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering and integrated photonics in 1975 and 1980, respectively, from the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia. In 1980, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, after a three-year period with Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Camberra, Australia, as a research scientist. In 1995, he was appointed as reader at Monash University. He has worked in the Department of Optical Communications of Siemens AG Central Research Laboratories in Munich, Germany, and in the Advanced Technology Centre of Nortel Networks at Harlow, United Kingdom. He has also served as a visiting professor of the Faculty of Engineering of Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany. Dr. Binh has published more than 250 papers in leading journals and refereed conferences, and three books in the field of photonic signal processing and optical communications: the first is Photonic Signal Processing, the second is Digital Optical Communications and the third on Optical Fiber Communications Systems (both published by CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida). His current research interests are in advanced modulation formats for long haul optical transmission, electronic equalization techniques for optical transmission systems, ultrashort pulse lasers, and photonic signal processing.

Nam Quoc Ngo received his BE and PhD degrees in electrical and computer systems engineering from Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, in 1992 and 1998, respectively. From July 1997 to July 2000, he was a lecturer at Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Since July 2000, he has been with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, where he is presently an associate professor. Since March 2009, he has been the deputy director of the Photonics Research Centre at the School of EEE. Among his other significant contributions, he has pioneered the development of the theoretical foundations of arbitrary order temporal optical differentiators and arbitrary-order temporal optical integrators, which resulted in the creation of these two new research areas. He has also pioneered the development of a general theory of the Newton Cotes digital integrators, from which he has designed a wideband integrator and a wideband differentiator known as the Ngo integrator and the Ngo differentiator, respectively, in the literature. His current research interests are on the design and development of fiber-based and waveguide-based devices for application in optical communication systems and optical sensors. He has published more than 110 international journal papers and over 60 conference papers in these areas. He received two awards for outstanding contributions in his PhD dissertation. He is a senior member of IEEE.
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