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E-raamat: Ultrawideband Phased Array Antenna Technology for Sensing and Communications Systems

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
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Ultrawideband phased array antennas are an enabling technology for many ground-based and airborne communications and radar systems. This book surveys electromagnetic theory and phased array antenna theory and provides examples of ultrawideband phased array antenna technology. It describes some of the research on ultrawideband phased arrays undertaken by the authors and their colleagues at MIT Lincoln Laboratory over the last ten years. The book focuses on experimental prototype ultrawideband phased array technology developed at Lincoln Laboratory for applications in the VHF and UHF bands from approximately 100 MHz to 1 GHz, and addresses dipole, monopole, loop, and other antenna array elements. It offers examples of antennas for both airborne and ground vehicle applications. Most of the examples are developed in the context of rapid prototyping for quick assessment of communications and radar systems feasibility, with measurements and numerical electromagnetic simulation results provided for many prototype examples.

The book is intended primarily for practicing antenna engineers, radar engineers, and communications engineers, and for graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering. Readers need no prior knowledge of ultrawideband antennas, although some background in electromagnetic theory, antennas, radar, and communications would be helpful.

Preface xi
About the Authors xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1 Electromagnetics and Antenna Theory 1(90)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 Bandwidth
4(3)
1.3 Ultrawideband Phased Arrays
7(1)
1.4 Wavefront Time Delay
8(5)
1.5 Electromagnetic Radiation: Maxwell's Equations
13(12)
1.6 Fields from Time-Varying Electric and Magnetic Current Sources
25(23)
1.6.1 Magnetic Vector Potential and the Scalar Green's Function
28(6)
1.6.2 Dyadic Green's Function
34(14)
1.7 Boundary Conditions
48(1)
1.8 Wave Equation for Conducting Media, Propagation Parameters
49(6)
1.9 Electromagnetic Energy Flow
55(5)
1.10 Fields of Short Electric and Magnetic Dipoles
60(11)
1.10.1 Introduction
60(2)
1.10.2 Derivation of Fields for 2 Hertzian Dipole
62(2)
1.10.3 Derivation of Fields for an Arbitrarily Polarized Hertzian Dipole
64(3)
1.10.4 Duality and Fields for Hertzian Loop and Dipole Antennas
67(3)
1.10.5 Image Theory for Electric and Magnetic Dipole Antennas
70(1)
1.11 Electromagnetic Wave Polarization and Receive Antennas
71(10)
1.11.1 Introduction
71(7)
1.11.2 Short Dipole with Triangular Current Distribution
78(2)
1.11.3 Small Current Loop with Uniform Current Distribution
80(1)
1.12 Summary
81(1)
References
81(10)
2 Phased Array Antenna Theory 91(44)
2.1 Introduction
91(1)
2.2 Phased Array Basics
91(18)
2.2.1 Arrays of Isotropic Elements
93(6)
2.2.2 Array Far-Zone Electromagnetic Fields
99(1)
2.2.3 Array Mutual Coupling Effects
100(9)
2.3 Reaction Integral Equation
109(3)
2.4 Method of Moments
112(5)
2.5 Theory for Analysis of Infinite Arrays
117(10)
2.6 Summary
127(1)
References
127(8)
3 Ultrawideband Dipole Arrays 135(46)
3.1 Introduction
135(1)
3.2 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Concept
135(6)
3.3 Ultrawideband Dipole Compared to Thin Dipole: Free Space
141(1)
3.4 Ultrawideband Dipole Embedded in Seven-Element Array
142(1)
3.5 Ultrawideband Dipole over Perfect Conducting Ground Plane
143(9)
3.6 Ultrawideband Dipole with Feed Point Close to Ground Plane
152(4)
3.7 Infinite Array of Ultrawideband Dipoles over Ground Plane
156(4)
3.8 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Prototype Design, Fabrication, and Test
160(15)
3.8.1 Prototype 1
165(3)
3.8.2 Prototype 2
168(2)
3.8.3 Prototype 3
170(1)
3.8.4 Prototype 4
170(1)
3.8.5 Prototype 5
171(4)
3.9 Summary
175(2)
References
177(4)
4 Resistively Loaded Patch Dipole Array Antenna 181(16)
4.1 Introduction
181(1)
4.2 Array Antenna Design Approach
181(3)
4.3 Ultrawideband Patch Dipole Array Antenna Design and Prototype Development
184(2)
4.4 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Antenna Simulation Results
186(5)
4.5 Summary
191(4)
References
195(2)
5 Linear Array of Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antennas 197(16)
5.1 Introduction
197(1)
5.2 Slot Array Antenna Design and Analysis
198(7)
5.3 Prototype Slotted Cylinder Array Antenna
205(1)
5.4 Summary
206(5)
References
211(2)
6 Parasitic Dipole Array 213(14)
6.1 Introduction
213(1)
6.2 Parasitic Dipole Array Prototype Design and Fabrication
214(4)
6.3 Prototype Parasitic Dipole Array Measured Results
218(1)
6.4 Summary
219(5)
References
224(3)
7 Parasitic Dipole and Monopole Arrays over Ground Plane 227(14)
7.1 Introduction
227(1)
7.2 Array Design
227(3)
7.3 Array Fabrication
230(3)
7.4 Measured Results
233(2)
7.5 Summary
235(4)
References
239(2)
8 Time-Delay Steered Parasitic Dipole Linear Array 241(14)
8.1 Introduction
241(1)
8.2 Array Design and Fabrication
241(6)
8.3 Measured Results
247(5)
8.4 Summary
252(2)
References
254(1)
9 Multipolarized Vector Sensor Antenna Array 255(20)
9.1 Introduction
255(1)
9.2 UAV Characteristics for Vector Sensor Antenna Integration
256(1)
9.3 Vector Sensor Antenna Prototype: Design and Fabrication
257(7)
9.4 Measured Radiation Patterns of Vector Sensor Prototypes Installed on a UAV
264(2)
9.5 Summary
266(7)
References
273(2)
Acronyms 275(2)
Index 277