| Acknowledgements |
|
9 | (2) |
| Introduction |
|
11 | (24) |
|
Multiplicity, Practice Ontology, and Looping Effects |
|
|
12 | (4) |
|
Unani and Traditional Medicine in South Asia |
|
|
16 | (8) |
|
The Biomedicalization of Traditional Medicines |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
|
|
21 | (3) |
|
From the Topic to Fieldwork |
|
|
24 | (11) |
|
|
|
26 | (7) |
|
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
|
|
35 | (46) |
|
Official Representations of Unani Medicine |
|
|
37 | (17) |
|
Government Institutions and Official Publications |
|
|
37 | (6) |
|
The Prescription of Drugs |
|
|
43 | (4) |
|
The National Formulary of Unani Medicine and the Unani Pharmacopoeia of India |
|
|
47 | (7) |
|
|
|
54 | (13) |
|
|
|
54 | (3) |
|
The Old Khandani Hakim as Embodiment of Unani Knowledge |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
The Cult of Eminent Hakims |
|
|
59 | (4) |
|
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
Textual Sources of Authority |
|
|
67 | (7) |
|
Systematization and Looping Effects |
|
|
74 | (7) |
|
The Systematization of (Unani) Medicine: Historical Overview |
|
|
74 | (3) |
|
|
|
77 | (4) |
|
2 Authority, Originality, and the Limits of Standardization |
|
|
81 | (40) |
|
Creation and Transmission of Medical Knowledge |
|
|
81 | (12) |
|
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
Institutionalized Training and its Shortcomings |
|
|
83 | (5) |
|
Family Lineages and Secret Knowledge |
|
|
88 | (5) |
|
Degrees and (Un-)Official Practice |
|
|
93 | (10) |
|
The Regulation of Practice |
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
Qualified and Registered Practitioners |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
Practicing Allopathy' with a Unani Degree |
|
|
98 | (5) |
|
|
|
103 | (18) |
|
Individualized Treatments and Clinical Falsification |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
Pulse Diagnosis and the Limits of Standardization |
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
Exclusive Knowledge and the Pursuit of Originality |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
Variations of Medicine and Multiplicity |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
|
|
121 | (40) |
|
Fundamental Principles of Unani Medicine |
|
|
122 | (9) |
|
The Concept of Medicine and the Principles of Human Physiology |
|
|
122 | (2) |
|
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
|
|
126 | (4) |
|
Treatments and Prevention |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Finding the Root Cause of Disease |
|
|
131 | (10) |
|
Observation and Questioning |
|
|
131 | (3) |
|
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
`It is Written in the Books that Urine Speaks to the Hakims' |
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
|
|
141 | (15) |
|
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
|
|
146 | (5) |
|
|
|
151 | (5) |
|
Humoralism and Looping Effects |
|
|
156 | (5) |
|
4 The Appropriation of Modern Scientific Advances and Concepts |
|
|
161 | (32) |
|
A Case of Biomedicalization? |
|
|
161 | (5) |
|
Using Modern Diagnostic Methods |
|
|
166 | (15) |
|
|
|
167 | (8) |
|
|
|
175 | (4) |
|
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
|
|
181 | (12) |
|
|
|
181 | (5) |
|
Combining Unani and Biomedical Knowledge |
|
|
186 | (7) |
|
5 Science and the Quest for Acceptance and Recognition |
|
|
193 | (34) |
|
Science as Means for Recognition |
|
|
194 | (17) |
|
The Beginnings of Modern Scientific Research on Unani |
|
|
197 | (4) |
|
The Government's Agenda for Unani Research and Global Health Policy |
|
|
201 | (5) |
|
A `New Unani': The Unani Pharmaceutical Industry and the Global CAM Market |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
Validating Unani through Modern Science |
|
|
211 | (16) |
|
|
|
211 | (5) |
|
`The Method Has Changed but Not the Principles' |
|
|
216 | (4) |
|
|
|
220 | (7) |
|
6 Unani Medicine and Muslims in India |
|
|
227 | (28) |
|
Unani Medicine and Muslim Culture |
|
|
228 | (8) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (3) |
|
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
|
|
236 | (9) |
|
|
|
236 | (3) |
|
|
|
239 | (6) |
|
Secular or Islamic? Unani and Prophetic Medicine |
|
|
245 | (10) |
|
Hijamah in the Context of Unani |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
The Revival of Prophetic Medicine in the Context of Unani |
|
|
249 | (6) |
| Summary and Ref lexions for Future Engagement |
|
255 | (10) |
| Bibliography |
|
265 | (14) |
| Index |
|
279 | (1) |
| People |
|
279 | (1) |
| Places |
|
280 | (1) |
| Subjects |
|
280 | |