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E-raamat: Understanding Climate Change: Science, Policy, and Practice, Second Edition

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  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: University of Toronto Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781487518387
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Understanding Climate Change: Science, Policy, and Practice, Second EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: University of Toronto Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781487518387
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The second edition of Understanding Climate Change provides readers with a concise, accessible, and holistic picture of the climate change problem, including both the scientific and human dimensions.



Conversations about climate change are filled with challenges involving complex data, deeply held values, and political issues. Understanding Climate Change examines climate change as both a scientific and a public policy issue. Sarah L. Burch and Sara E. Harris explain the basics of the climate system, climate models and prediction, and human and biophysical impacts, as well as strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The second edition has been fully updated throughout, including coverage of new advances in climate modelling and of the shifting landscape of renewable energy production and distribution. A brand new chapter discusses global governance, including The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and The Paris Agreement, as well as mitigation efforts at the national and sub-national levels. This new chapter makes the book even more relevant to climate change courses housed in social sciences departments such as political science and geography.

An effective and integrated introduction to an urgent and controversial issue, this book is well-suited to adoption in a variety of introductory climate change courses found in a range of science and social science departments. Its ultimate goal is to equip readers with the tools needed to become constructive participants in the human response to climate change.

Preface xi
Chapter 1 Climate Change in the Public Sphere
3(10)
1.1 Communicating about climate change
5(3)
1.2 The state of the science
8(2)
1.3 Responding to climate change: Mitigation and adaptation
10(1)
1.4 Governing climate change
10(1)
1.5 The scale of the challenge: Accelerating action on climate change
11(1)
1.6 Roadmap of the book
12(1)
Chapter 2 Basic System Dynamics
13(26)
2.1 What is a system?
14(10)
2.1.1 System parts and interactions
14(1)
2.1.2 Stocks and flows
15(4)
2.1.3 Feedbacks
19(3)
2.1.4 Lags
22(1)
2.1.5 Function or purpose
23(1)
2.2 Earth's climate system: The parts and interconnections
24(13)
2.2.1 Atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and anthroposphere
24(9)
2.2.2 Energy flows: The ins and outs of Earths energy budget
33(4)
2.3 Integrating systems, science, and policy
37(2)
Chapter 3 Climate Controls: Energy from the Sun
39(20)
3.1 Incoming solar radiation
40(6)
3.1.1 Blackbody radiation: The Sun versus Earth
40(5)
3.1.2 Our place in space: The Goldilocks planet
45(1)
3.2 Natural variability
46(11)
3.2.1 4.5 billion years of solar energy
47(2)
3.2.2 Orbital controls: Baseline variability in the past few million years
49(6)
3.2.3 Sunspots: How important?
55(2)
3.3 Response strategies
57(2)
Chapter 4 Climate Controls: Earth's Reflectivity
59(18)
4.1 Natural variability
61(11)
4.1.1 At Earth's surface: Ice, water, and vegetation
61(6)
4.1.2 In the atmosphere: Aerosols and clouds
67(5)
4.2 Anthropogenic variability
72(3)
4.2.1 Land-use changes
72(1)
4.2.2 Anthropogenic aerosols
73(2)
4.3 Response strategies
75(2)
Chapter 5 Climate Controls: The Greenhouse Effect
77(22)
5.1 How does the greenhouse effect work?
79(6)
5.1.1 Characteristics of a good greenhouse gas
79(4)
5.7.2 Energy flows in a greenhouse world
83(2)
5.2 The unperturbed carbon cycle and natural greenhouse variability
85(9)
5.2.1 Carbon stocks andflows
85(1)
5.2.2 Time scales of natural greenhouse variability
86(5)
5.2.3 Feedbacks in volving the greenhouse effect
91(3)
5.3 Anthropogenic interference
94(5)
5.3.1 Perturbed stocks, flows, and chemical fingerprints
94(2)
5.3.2 Cumulative carbon emissions: A budget
96(3)
Chapter 6 Climate Change Mitigation: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Transforming the Energy System
99(24)
6.1 The global energy system
102(2)
6.2 Mitigation strategies
104(13)
6.2.1 Demand-side mitigation: Energy efficiency and conservation
104(3)
6.2.2 Supply-side mitigation: Renewable energy and nuclear power
107(8)
6.2.3 Carbon capture and storage
115(2)
6.3 Decarbonization in key sectors
117(5)
6.3.1 Low-carbon cities
117(1)
6.3.2 Transportation
118(3)
6.3.3 Buildings
121(1)
6.4 Fostering accelerated and transformative mitigation
122(1)
Chapter 7 Climate Models
123(18)
7.1 Climate model basics
125(7)
7.1.1 Physical principles
125(1)
7.1.2 The role of observations
126(1)
7.1.3 Time and space
127(2)
7.1.4 Parameterization
129(1)
7.1.5 Testing climate models
130(1)
7.1.6 Climate model output and comparisons
131(1)
7.2 Types of climate models
132(6)
7.2.1 Energy balance models
132(3)
7.2.2 Earth system models of intermediate complexity
135(1)
7.2.3 General circulation models
136(1)
7.2.4 Regional climate models
137(1)
7.2.5 Integrated assessment models
138(1)
7.3 Certainties and uncertainties
138(3)
Chapter 8 Future Climate: Emissions, Climatic Shifts, and What to Do about Them
141(18)
8.1 Scenarios: How to tell stories about the future
143(5)
8.1.1 SRES scenario "families" and storylines
144(3)
8.1.2 Post-SRES: Representative concentration pathways
147(1)
8.2 Global warming of 1.5°C
148(1)
8.3 The global climate in 2100
149(7)
8.3.1 Temperature, precipitation, sea-level rise, and extreme weather
149(6)
8.3.2 Uncertainty
155(1)
8.4 Backcasting
156(1)
8.5 The scale of the challenge: Transforming emissions pathways
157(2)
Chapter 9 Impacts of Climate Change on Natural Systems
159(16)
9.1 Observed impacts
162(7)
9.1.1 Impacts on land
162(4)
9.1.2 Impacts in the oceans
166(3)
9.2 Adaptation in natural systems
169(4)
9.2.1 The important role of biodiversity
170(1)
9.2.2 Evaluating ecosystem services
171(1)
9.2.3 Preserving species and ecosystems
172(1)
9.3 Conclusions
173(2)
Chapter 10 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Human Systems
175(20)
10.1 Introduction
176(1)
10.2 Key concepts in climate change impacts and adaptation
177(4)
10.3 Observed and projected impacts of climate change
181(7)
10.3.1 Impacts on water and food
181(2)
10.3.2 Impacts on cities and infrastructure
183(3)
10.3.3 Equity implications: Health and the global distribution of wealth
186(2)
10.4 Adaptation in human systems
188(7)
10.4.1 How to "do" adaptation
188(2)
10.4.2 Adaptation in urban settlements
190(5)
Chapter 11 Climate Change Policy and Governance
195(24)
11.1 Introduction to governing climate change
196(1)
11.2 Global or local?
197(2)
11.3 Policy goals: Choosing the right mix of adaptation and mitigation
199(1)
11.4 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: An overview of targets and baselines
200(2)
11.5 Global governance of climate change: The basics
202(4)
11.5.1 The United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment)
202(1)
11.5.2 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol
203(2)
11.5.3 International treaties moving forward: The Paris Agreement
205(1)
11.6 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
206(2)
11.7 National and subnational climate change mitigation
208(4)
11.7.1 Jurisdictional complexity: Who's in charge?
208(2)
11.7.2 Policy tools at the national and subnational levels
210(2)
11.8 Adaptation policy and governance
212(7)
11.8.1 International and national adaptation tools
213(2)
11.8.2 Subnational adaptation
215(1)
11.8.3 Uncovering adaptation co-benefits
216(3)
Chapter 12 Understanding Climate Change: Pathways Forward
219(16)
12.1 Integrating adaptation and mitigation: A sustainability approach
220(2)
12.2 Development paths and transformative change
222(3)
12.3 Ethics, equity, and responsibility
225(2)
12.4 Experiments that illustrate solutions
227(5)
12.4.1 Ecosystem-based approaches at work: TheWallasea Island Wild Coast project
227(1)
12.4.2 Ecosystem-based approaches at work: Peatland rewetting in Belarus
228(1)
12.4.3 Urban experiments: Vaxjo and Malmo, Sweden
229(1)
12.4.4 Indigenous-led sustainability in T'Sou-ke First Nation
230(1)
12.4.5 Unusual suspects in climate change innovation
231(1)
12.5 Individual choice and collective action: Moving forward
232(2)
12.5.1 Evidence-based decision-making and the science/policy interface
232(2)
12.6 Next steps
234(1)
Notes 235(24)
Index 259(8)
About the Authors 267
Sarah L. Burch is an associate professor and Canada Research Chair in Sustainability Governance and Innovation in the Department of Geography and Environmental Management at the University of Waterloo. She is a Lead Author in the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 6th Assessment Report, and a member of the Royal Society of Canadas College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists.



Sara E. Harris is a professor of teaching in the Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of British Columbia, where she has taught since 2005. In 2017, she started a stint in the Faculty of Science Deans Office as Associate Dean Academic. She has the true honour of being a member of the marvelous 2015 3M National Teaching Fellow cohort.
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