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17 | (10) |
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18 | (5) |
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1.2 Defining Corrective feedback |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (2) |
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2 Review of the Literature |
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27 | (50) |
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2.1 Theoretical Framework |
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27 | (7) |
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2.1.1 Input, Output, Interaction, and Noticing |
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27 | (4) |
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2.1.2 Skill Acquisition Theory |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.2 The Role of Corrective Feedback in SLA: Empirical Studies |
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34 | (34) |
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2.2.1 An Overview of Research on Corrective Feedback |
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34 | (5) |
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2.2.2 Studies Investigating the Role of Corrective Feedback in CALL |
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39 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1 Advantages for explicit feedback |
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40 | (8) |
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2.2.2.2 Advantages for implicit feedback |
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48 | (1) |
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2.2.2.3 Explicit and implicit feedback equally effective |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (11) |
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2.2.3 Corrective Feedback and the Development of the Simple Past Tense |
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64 | (4) |
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2.3 Learners' Attitudes Concerning Corrective Feedback |
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68 | (7) |
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2.4 Rationale and Objectives of the Study |
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75 | (2) |
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3 Research Design and Methodology |
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77 | (40) |
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3.1 Overview of the Research Design |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (14) |
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87 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Corrective Feedback Types |
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88 | (2) |
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3.4.2.1 Explicit feedback conditions |
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90 | (2) |
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3.4.2.2 Implicit feedback conditions |
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92 | (3) |
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3.4.2.3 No feedback conditions |
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95 | (1) |
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3.4.2.4 Overview of feedback |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Guided Writing Task |
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101 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Unbanked Gap Filling Task |
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102 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT) |
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103 | (2) |
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3.5.4 Overview of Testing Instruments |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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3.7 Data Collection Procedures |
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107 | (2) |
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3.8 Data Analysis Procedures |
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109 | (8) |
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3.8.1 Coding and Scoring of Tests |
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109 | (2) |
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3.8.1.1 Guided writing task |
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111 | (1) |
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3.8.1.2 Unbanked gap filling task |
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111 | (1) |
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3.8.1.3 Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT) |
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112 | (2) |
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3.8.2 Processing Questionnaire Data |
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114 | (3) |
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4 Analysis and Results (1) |
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117 | (30) |
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118 | (6) |
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118 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Preliminary Analysis |
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118 | (1) |
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4.1.2.1 Reliability analysis and descriptive statistics |
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118 | (4) |
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4.1.2.2 Assumptions underlying the use of ANCOVA |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (23) |
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4.2.1 Results for Research Questions 1 and 2 |
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130 | (7) |
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4.2.2 Results for Research Question 3 |
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137 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Results for Research Question 4 |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (5) |
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5 Analysis and Results (2) |
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147 | (14) |
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148 | (1) |
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5.2 Results for Research Question 5 |
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149 | (12) |
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149 | (8) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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6 Discussion and Conclusions |
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161 | (22) |
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6.1 Discussion and Summary of Findings |
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161 | (15) |
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6.1.1 Research Question 1 |
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161 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Research Question 2 |
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162 | (3) |
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6.1.3 Research Question 3 |
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165 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Research Question 4 |
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166 | (2) |
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6.1.5 Research Question 5 |
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168 | (5) |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Theoretical Implications |
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176 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Pedagogical Implications |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
Appendices |
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183 | (20) |
References |
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203 | (22) |
Index |
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225 | |