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E-raamat: Underwater Acoustic Networking Techniques

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This literature study presents an overview of underwater acoustic networking. It provides a background and describes the state of the art of all networking facets that are relevant for underwater applications. This report serves both as an introduction to the subject and as a summary of existing protocols, providing support and inspiration for the development of network architectures.
1 Introduction
1(4)
1.1 Underwater Communications
1(1)
1.2 The Acoustic Channel
2(1)
1.3 Networking
3(1)
References
4(1)
2 Topics Bordering the Physical Layer
5(14)
2.1 Time Synchronization
5(5)
2.1.1 Clock Inaccuracy Model
6(1)
2.1.2 Time Synchronization Protocols
6(3)
2.1.3 Summary
9(1)
2.2 Full-Duplex Links
10(2)
2.2.1 Link Layer
10(1)
2.2.2 Physical Layer
11(1)
2.2.3 Concluding Notes
11(1)
2.3 Adaptive Data Rate
12(5)
2.3.1 The Physical Layer
13(2)
2.3.2 Medium Access Control, Lower Level
15(1)
2.3.3 Adaptive Data Rate in ARQ Systems
16(1)
2.3.4 Summary and Conclusions
17(1)
References
17(2)
3 Medium Access Control
19(30)
3.1 Frequency-Division Multiple Access
20(1)
3.1.1 Description
20(1)
3.1.2 Case Studies
21(1)
3.2 Code-Division Multiple Access
21(3)
3.2.1 Description
21(1)
3.2.2 Near-Far Problem
22(1)
3.2.3 Case Studies
22(2)
3.3 Time Based Multiple Access Technologies
24(21)
3.3.1 Study of Existing Strategies
24(2)
3.3.2 Study of Existing Technologies
26(18)
3.3.3 Medium Access Cooperation with Game Theory
44(1)
3.3.4 Discussion of Existing Time Based Multiple Access Technologies
44(1)
3.4 Combination of Different Multiple Access Schemes
45(1)
References
46(3)
4 Logical Link Layer Topics
49(14)
4.1 Scope
49(1)
4.2 ARQ
49(3)
4.2.1 Stop-and-Wait and Go-Back-N ARQ
50(1)
4.2.2 Selective Repeat ARQ
51(1)
4.3 Hybrid ARQ
52(2)
4.3.1 Type I Hybrid ARQ
52(1)
4.3.2 Type II Hybrid ARQ
52(1)
4.3.3 Fountain Codes (Rateless Codes)
53(1)
4.4 Link Layer Improvement Potential in Networks
54(6)
4.4.1 Topologies
54(2)
4.4.2 Implicit Acknowledgment
56(1)
4.4.3 End-to-End Feedback
56(1)
4.4.4 Opportunistic Routing
57(1)
4.4.5 Network Coding
57(2)
4.4.6 Collaborative Beamforming and Related Ideas
59(1)
References
60(3)
5 Routing
63
5.1 Overview of Routing Protocol Classes
64(7)
5.1.1 Proactive and Reactive Routing
64(1)
5.1.2 Geographic Routing
65(1)
5.1.3 Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast, Geocast, Anycast
66(2)
5.1.4 Hierarchical Versus Flat Routing
68(1)
5.1.5 Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks
69(2)
5.2 Overview of the Most Significant Underwater Routing Approaches
71(6)
5.3 Overview of DTN Routing Protocols and Approaches
77(4)
5.4 Conclusions Regarding Routing
81(1)
References
81