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E-raamat: Unlocking Human Rights

  • Formaat: 448 pages
  • Sari: Unlocking the Law
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Nov-2013
  • Kirjastus: Hodder Education
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781444166125
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Unlocking Human RightsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 448 pages
  • Sari: Unlocking the Law
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Nov-2013
  • Kirjastus: Hodder Education
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781444166125
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Unlocking Human Rights covers all the substantive provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights and the operation of the Human Rights Act. Basic aspects and key terms of human rights including their origin and development over the centuries are comprehensively explained through to how human rights regimes operate outside of Europe and United Kingdom.

Unlocking Human Rights includes an invaluable section indicating how to tackle essay questions and scenario-based examination and coursework questions. The study of human rights encompasses wider issues compared with many other law subjects and this extra practical material will help students to understand the nature and importance of human rights in the modern world. Unlocking Human Rights will provide you with the tools you need to engage with and understand Human Rights law.

Unlocking the Law is the groundbreaking series of textbooks with a unique approach to the study of undergraduate law. Designed specifically to make the subject matter accessible, the text is broken up with features, activities, key facts charts, diagrams, and numerous headings and sub-headings. Unlocking the Law textbooks have been written specifically to ensure that readers understand fully the concepts required and are able to apply them with confidence.

All titles in the series follow the same formula and include the same features so students can move easily from one subject to another. The series covers all the core subjects required by the Bar Council and the Law Society for entry onto professional qualifications as well as popular option units.

Unlocking the Law textbooks remain the most original and accesible textbooks available.

Arvustused

'... the text is straightforward and accessible, and will prove useful to students on introductory level modules relating to human rights law'













Professor Lindsay Moir, University of Hull Law School

Acknowledgements xiv
Preface xv
Human rights study skills xvii
Table of cases
xxiv
Table of statutes
xxxv
Table of international legislation
xxxviii
List of figures
xliii
1 Introduction to human rights
1(25)
1.1 Overview
1(2)
1.1.1 Hard and soft law
2(1)
1.2 Rights and freedoms
3(1)
1.2.1 Rule of law
3(1)
1.2.2 Separation of powers
3(1)
1.2.3 Democracy
4(1)
1.3 Where did `rights' start?
4(8)
1.3.1 Slavery
4(2)
1.3.2 Civil and human rights in Europe
6(3)
1.3.3 League of Nations
9(1)
1.3.4 Aftermath of the Second World War
10(1)
1.3.5 End of colonialism
10(1)
1.3.6 Diplomats and heads of state
11(1)
1.3.7 Non-combatants, refugees and migrants
12(1)
1.4 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
12(2)
1.4.1 Legal scope of EU Charter
13(1)
1.5 Jurisprudential nature of human rights
14(7)
1.5.1 Universal v cultural relativism
14(1)
1.5.2 Implications of universalism
15(1)
1.5.3 Basic human goods
16(1)
1.5.4 Generational rights
17(2)
1.5.5 The Dembour analysis
19(2)
1.6 UK rights today
21(1)
1.7 Acronyms and glossary
22(2)
1.8 Summary
24(2)
2 European Convention on Human Rights
26(28)
2.1 Introduction
26(2)
2.1.1 Early twentieth century
26(1)
2.1.2 The UN
27(1)
2.1.3 The Council of Europe
27(1)
2.2 The European rights regime
28(1)
2.3 European Union
29(1)
2.4 Council of Europe institutions and personnel
30(5)
2.4.1 The Commission
30(1)
2.4.2 The Court
31(1)
2.4.3 The Committee of Ministers
31(1)
2.4.4 The Parliamentary Assembly
32(1)
2.4.5 The Commissioner for Human Rights
33(1)
2.4.6 The Judiciary
33(2)
2.5 The Convention Principles
35(9)
2.5.1 International treaty
35(1)
2.5.2 Prohibition on discrimination
36(2)
2.5.3 Protocols
38(1)
2.5.4 Reservations
39(1)
2.5.5 Derogations
40(2)
2.5.6 Hierarchy of rights?
42(1)
2.5.7 Lawfulness
42(2)
2.6 Inter-state applications
44(2)
2.7 Individual applications
46(1)
2.8 Operating principles of the ECHR
47(4)
2.8.1 Proportionality and purposive interpretation
47(1)
2.8.2 The margin of appreciation
48(1)
2.8.3 Advisory opinions
49(2)
2.9 Conclusions
51(3)
3 Human Rights Act 1998
54(29)
3.1 A proud English tradition
54(3)
3.1.1 Reluctant Europeans
55(1)
3.1.2 Need for change
56(1)
3.2 Genesis of the Act
57(5)
3.2.1 Bringing rights home
59(1)
3.2.2 Constitutional significance
60(2)
3.3 The Human Rights Act 1998
62(2)
3.3.1 Structure of the Act
62(1)
3.3.2 Summary explanation
63(1)
3.4 Introduction to the Act
64(2)
3.4.1 The Convention rights s 1
64(1)
3.4.2 Interpretation of Convention rights s 2
65(1)
3.4.3 Preamble
66(1)
3.5 Legislation
66(5)
3.5.1 Interpretation of legislation s 3
66(1)
3.5.2 Purposive interpretation
67(1)
3.5.3 Declarations of incompatibility s 4
68(1)
3.5.4 Incompatibility case law
69(2)
3.5.5 Right of Crown to intervene s 5
71(1)
3.6 Public authorities
71(2)
3.6.1 Acts of public authorities s 6
71(1)
3.6.2 Proceedings under s 7
72(1)
3.6.3 Judicial remedies s 8
73(1)
3.7 Remedial action s 10
73(1)
3.8 Other rights and proceedings
74(1)
3.8.1 Freedom of expression s 12
74(1)
3.8.2 Freedom of thought, conscience and religion s 13
74(1)
3.9 Derogations and reservations
74(4)
3.9.1 Derogation
75(2)
3.9.2 Reservations
77(1)
3.10 Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
78(1)
3.11 Parliamentary procedure
78(1)
3.12 Implementation
79(1)
3.13 Human rights in the UK
79(4)
4 Right to life
83(38)
4.1 Introduction
83(8)
4.1.1 Global conventions
83(1)
4.1.2 The European Convention
84(1)
4.1.3 Abolition of the death penalty
85(1)
4.1.4 Preliminary considerations
85(6)
4.2 Investigation of mistakes
91(5)
4.3 Wartime deaths
96(4)
4.3.1 Positive state obligation
99(1)
4.4 Deaths in custody
100(5)
4.5 Right to die?
105(6)
4.5.1 Competency
105(2)
4.5.2 Insoluble dilemma
107(1)
4.5.3 The doctrine of double effect
108(1)
4.5.4 Absence of competency
109(2)
4.6 Right to live
111(1)
4.6.1 Competency
111(1)
4.6.2 Absence of competency
111(1)
4.7 Self defence
112(3)
4.8 Right to life in Europe
115(2)
4.8.1 Turkey
115(1)
4.8.2 Germany
116(1)
4.8.3 Italy
117(1)
4.9 Conclusions
117(4)
4.9.1 Common law
117(1)
4.9.2 Rights law
118(3)
5 Prohibition against torture, inhuman and degrading treatment
121(26)
5.1 Background
121(2)
5.1.2 What is torture?
122(1)
5.2 The Milgram experiment
123(1)
5.3 Absolute unacceptability
124(1)
5.4 Meaning and sources
125(1)
5.5 UN Special Rapporteur
126(1)
5.6 Changing perceptions
127(2)
5.7 Chastisement of children
129(2)
5.7.1 Earlier cases
129(1)
5.7.2 Current law
130(1)
5.8 UK legislation
131(2)
5.8.1 School Standards and Framework Act 1998 c 31
131(1)
5.8.2 The Children Act 2004
132(1)
5.9 Children with disability
133(1)
5.10 Punishment of young criminals
134(1)
5.11 Interrogation of terrorists
135(2)
5.11.1 The Parker Report
136(1)
5.12 Deportation
137(3)
5.13 Europe
140(1)
5.14 Torture elsewhere
141(4)
5.14.1 USA
141(1)
5.14.2 China
142(1)
5.14.3 Chile
143(2)
5.15 Conclusions
145(2)
6 Prohibition against slavery
147(18)
6.1 Slavery, servitude, forced or compulsory labour
147(3)
6.1.1 Background
147(1)
6.1.2 Common law
148(1)
6.1.3 Statutory reform
149(1)
6.1.4 A global problem
150(1)
6.2 Definitions
150(2)
6.2.1 ECHR Article 4
152(1)
6.3 Slavery and servitude
152(2)
6.4 Servitude and forced labour
154(2)
6.5 Military Service
156(1)
6.6 Forced labour and Article 4(3) civil exceptions
157(3)
6.6.1 Jury service
157(1)
6.6.2 Legal service
158(1)
6.6.3 Fire service
158(1)
6.6.4 Sport
159(1)
6.7 Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Humans
160(2)
6.7.1 Examples of trafficking
161(1)
6.7.2 Operation Pentameter
162(1)
6.8 Conclusions
162(3)
7 Right to liberty and security
165(28)
7.1 English civil liberties
165(1)
7.2 Human rights
165(5)
7.2.1 Universal rights
166(1)
7.2.2 The European Convention
166(1)
7.2.3 Circumstances permitting deprivation of liberty
167(3)
7.3 Case law
170(3)
7.3.1 Breach of the peace
170(1)
7.3.2 Detention without warrant and `honest belief'
171(1)
7.3.3 Courts martial
171(1)
7.3.4 Crime
172(1)
7.3.5 Natural justice
172(1)
7.4 Balancing liberty and security: detention without charge
173(3)
7.5 Anti-libertarian policies
176(2)
7.6 Non-criminal detention under Article 5
178(7)
7.6.1 Art 5(1)(a) Detention after conviction
179(1)
7.6.2 Art 5(1)(b) Non-compliance with lawful court order
179(2)
7.6.3 Art 5(1)(c) Prevention of commission of an offence
181(1)
7.6.4 Art 5(1)(d) Detention of minors
182(1)
7.6.5 Art 5(1)(e) Detention on medical or social grounds
183(1)
7.6.6 Art 5(1)(f) Unauthorised entrants
184(1)
7.7 Detention involving foreign states
185(3)
7.7.1 Guantanamo
186(1)
7.7.2 Iraq
187(1)
7.8 European Union
188(5)
8 Right to a fair trial
193(36)
8.1 Trials and hearings
193(1)
8.2 Background
193(3)
8.2.1 Magna Carta (1215)
194(1)
8.2.2 English Bill of Rights 1689
195(1)
8.3 Fair process
196(2)
8.3.1 Kevin at the police station
196(2)
8.4 Judicial independence
198(7)
8.4.1 Protection of judicial office
198(1)
8.4.2 Judicial bias in hearings
198(5)
8.4.3 Jury bias
203(2)
8.5 ECHR Article 6 Right to a fair trial
205(5)
8.5.1 Types of hearing
206(3)
8.5.2 Fair hearings despite flaws
209(1)
8.6 Article 6(1)
210(7)
8.6.1 Access to the Court
210(4)
8.6.2 Fair and public hearing and judgment
214(2)
8.6.3 Within a reasonable time
216(1)
8.6.4 Independent court and absence of bias
217(1)
8.7 Article 6(2) presumption of innocence
217(3)
8.7.1 The reversed burden of proof
218(2)
8.8 Article 6(3) minimum rights
220(9)
8.8.1 Article 6(3)(a) prompt information
220(1)
8.8.2 Article 6(3)(b) adequate time and facilities
221(1)
8.8.3 Article 6(3)(c) defending oneself and legal assistance
221(1)
8.8.4 Article 6(3)(d) witnesses
222(2)
8.8.5 Article 6(3)(e) interpreters
224(1)
8.8.6 Misuse of Article 6(3)
225(4)
9 No punishment without law
229(18)
9.1 Introduction
229(1)
9.2 Due process (of law)
229(1)
9.3 Legislative power of Parliament
230(2)
9.4 Development of the nullum crimen principle
232(1)
9.5 Modern international provisions
233(1)
9.5.1 UDHR Art 11
233(1)
9.5.2 The ICCPR Article 15
233(1)
9.5.3 ECHR Art 7
234(1)
9.6 The `Kevin test'
234(5)
9.6.1 Example of Principle 1
236(1)
9.6.2 Examples of Principle 2
236(3)
9.7 Retrospective crime and punishment
239(4)
9.7.1 Retrospective law
239(1)
9.7.2 Retrospective punishment
240(3)
9.8 Scope of Art 7 cases
243(2)
9.8.1 What kinds of case?
243(1)
9.8.2 Strictly criminal in scope
244(1)
9.8.3 Presumption of innocence
244(1)
9.9 Conclusions
245(2)
10 Privacy and respect for private and family life
247(33)
10.1 Introduction
247(1)
10.2 Privacy under the common law
248(3)
10.3 Rights brought home
251(23)
10.3.1 Convention provisions
252(1)
10.3.2 Development of `right to privacy'
252(2)
10.3.3 Framing the claim under Art 8
254(3)
10.3.4 Difficulty of categorisation
257(17)
10.4 Exclusion of evidence
274(2)
10.5 Importance of Art 8
276(1)
10.6 Marriage and founding a family
277(3)
11 Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
280(22)
11.1 Introduction
280(2)
11.2 Freedoms interconnectivity
282(1)
11.3 Analogous provisions
283(1)
11.4 Manifestation of religion
284(4)
11.5 Human Rights Act s 13
288(1)
11.6 Variety of religious beliefs
289(1)
11.7 UK state recognition of religion
290(2)
11.8 Secular beliefs
292(5)
11.9 EU policy
297(1)
11.10 European examples
297(3)
11.11 Scope of Art 9
300(2)
12 Freedom of expression
302(19)
12.1 The foundation freedom
302(1)
12.2 Importance of freedom of expression
302(2)
12.3 Treaty provisions
304(2)
12.4 Analysis of ECHR Article 10(1)
306(1)
12.5 Analysis of Article 10(2)
307(1)
12.6 Limitations on freedom of expression
307(3)
12.6.1 Prescribed by law
307(1)
12.6.2 Necessary in a democratic society
308(1)
12.6.3 Legitimate aims
309(1)
12.7 Art 10(2) duties and responsibilities
310(6)
12.8 Human Rights Act 1998
316(1)
12.9 Anti-terrorism laws
317(1)
12.10 United Nations periodic review report
318(3)
13 Freedom of assembly and association
321(17)
13.1 Strength in numbers
321(1)
13.2 Employment
322(1)
13.3 Domestic law
322(3)
13.4 International instruments
325(1)
13.5 Assembly and association
326(1)
13.5.1 UDHR Art 20
326(1)
13.5.2 EU Charter freedoms
327(1)
13.5.3 ECHR Article 11
327(1)
13.6 Analysis of `association'
327(5)
13.6.1 Case law on association
328(4)
13.7 Meaning of `assembly'
332(6)
13.7.1 Case law on assembly
333(5)
14 Right to marry
338(20)
14.1 Global recognition
338(2)
14.1.1 UDHR 1948 Article 16
339(1)
14.1.2 ICCPR 1966 Article 23
339(1)
14.2 European recognition
340(1)
14.2.1 ECHR 1950 Article 12
340(1)
14.2.2 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights 2000 Article 9
340(1)
14.3 Overview of ECHR case law
340(1)
14.4 Understanding the meaning of marriage
341(1)
14.5 Relationship between Arts 8 and 12
342(3)
14.6 Right of prisoners to marry and found a family
345(2)
14.6.1 Marriage
345(1)
14.6.2 Founding a family
345(2)
14.7 Consanguinity
347(1)
14.8 Immigrants, illegal entrants, asylum seekers
348(2)
14.9 Divorce/legal separation
350(2)
14.10 Transsexuals
352(3)
14.11 Tax
355(1)
14.12 Protocol 7 Art 5
356(2)
15 Rights and remedies
358(23)
15.1 Establishing the principle
358(1)
15.2 Rights must be enforceable
358(9)
15.2.1 Ubi jus, ibi remedium
358(2)
15.2.2 Magna Carta Arts 39 and 40
360(1)
15.2.3 Equitable maxims
361(1)
15.2.4 Rule of law
362(1)
15.2.5 Equality before the law
363(1)
15.2.6 Petitions of right
364(2)
15.2.7 UDHR Article 8
366(1)
15.2.8 ECHR Article 13
366(1)
15.2.9 HRA 1998 s 1(1)
366(1)
15.3 Rights and remedies
367(4)
15.3.1 Enforceability of remedies
367(1)
15.3.2 Legal systems enforcing law
367(1)
15.3.3 UN global enforcement
368(3)
15.4 Enforcement of ECHR remedies under HRA
371(2)
15.4.1 Rights protected by the HRA
371(1)
15.4.2 Summary of HRA remedies
371(1)
15.4.3 Limitations on enforcement ability
372(1)
15.5 Case law
373(8)
15.5.1 Asylum seekers
373(1)
15.5.2 Medical negligence and stare decisis
374(1)
15.5.3 Higher education
375(1)
15.5.4 Deprivation of place of abode
376(1)
15.5.5 Failures to provide remedy
377(4)
16 Prohibition of discrimination
381(19)
16.1 Background
381(3)
16.1.1 Domestic legislation
381(1)
16.1.2 Consolidation of domestic provisions
382(1)
16.1.3 International declarations and treaties
383(1)
16.2 ECHR Article 14
384(1)
16.3 Discrimination and equality
384(1)
16.4 Getting a case heard
385(2)
16.5 What is discrimination?
387(2)
16.5.1 Rational justifiability
387(1)
16.5.2 The Michalak Catechism
388(1)
16.6 Other kinds of discrimination
389(11)
16.6.1 Property status
390(1)
16.6.2 Probationary tenancy
391(1)
16.6.3 Bankrupt's possessions
392(1)
16.6.4 Right to marry
393(1)
16.6.5 Sex discrimination
393(2)
16.6.6 Asylum
395(1)
16.6.7 Terrorism
396(4)
17 Regional rights regimes
400(10)
17.1 The Americas
400(2)
17.1.1 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man 1948
400(1)
17.1.2 Organisation of American States (OAS)
400(1)
17.1.3 American Convention on Human Rights 1969
401(1)
17.1.4 Forced disappearances
401(1)
17.2 Africa
402(2)
17.2.1 Organisation of African Unity
402(1)
17.2.2 African Union
403(1)
17.3 Minsk Convention
404(1)
17.4 Arab Declaration and Charter
405(1)
17.4.1 Cairo Declaration
405(1)
17.4.2 Arab Charter on Human Rights
405(1)
17.5 Asia
406(2)
17.6 Conclusions
408(2)
Index 410
Author:

Peter Halstead MA LLM is Senior Lecturer in Law and Human Rights at the University of Gloucestershire. He has over thirty years' experience teaching law at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and is a retired solicitor who worked in both private practice and local government. He is the author of Key Facts: Human Rights and Key Facts: Jurisprudence.



Series editors: Jacqueline Martin LLM has ten years' experience as a practising barrister. She has taught law at all levels and is an experienced author.

Chris Turner LLM is a qualified barrister and Senior Lecturer in Law at Wolverhampton University. He has taught law at all levels and is an experienced author.

Jacqueline Martin and Chris Turner are series editors of the Key Facts, Key Cases, and Key Statutes series, all published by Hodder Education.
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