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E-raamat: Unraveling Bluetooth LE Audio: Stretching the Limits of Interoperable Wireless Audio with Bluetooth Next-Generation Low Energy Audio Standards

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2021
  • Kirjastus: APress
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781484266588
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2021
  • Kirjastus: APress
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781484266588
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Explore how Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) has transformed the audio landscape, from music streaming to voice recognition applications. This book describes the rationale behind moving to LE audio, the potential power savings, and how various specifications need to be linked together to develop a final end product. 

LE Audio is a natural development of the Bluetooth audio standard. The standard is spread across more than a dozen different specifications, from application profiles, down to the core transports in both Host part and Controller part. You'll see how this new architecture of the Bluetooth audio stack defines a LE Audio stack from the Core Controller to the Host Protocols, and Profiles.

You’ll also learn how to free yourself from wires and charging. LE Audio introduces a new audio compression codec called LC3 (Low Complexity Communication Codec), which covers sampling rates for the full range of voice and media application at high fidelity, low complexity and low bit-rate and is ideal for new applications – such as voice assistance and gaming.

Unraveling Bluetooth Low Energy Audio provides full context to anyone who is curious to learn about the new LE Audio technology.

What You'll Learn
  • Understand the advantages of LE audio over current standards
  • Describe the overall Bluetooth LE audio stack and its various blocks
  • Enable LE audio with the Core Controller specification
  • See how an end-to-end application works its through the LE audio ecosystem
  • Examine how LE Audio addresses current and future trends in interoperable wireless audio 
Who This Book Is For

The target audience for this book are developers, manufacturers, students, lecturers, teachers, technology geeks, platform integrators, and entrepreneurs. 
About the Authors ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(28)
Motivation for LE Audio
2(2)
LE Audio Architecture
4(1)
App Layer
5(1)
Control Layer
5(3)
Transport Layer
8(4)
Codec
12(1)
Compatibility with Classic Audio
12(2)
Audio
14(3)
Speech Audio
17(1)
Media Audio
18(1)
Hybrid Audio
19(1)
The Social Aspect of Audio
20(2)
Audio and Bluetooth
22(2)
Classic Audio Evolution
24(1)
What About Music?
25(1)
Classic Audio Applications
25(2)
Classic Audio Limits
27(1)
The One Architecture
27(1)
Summary
28(1)
Chapter 2 Bluetooth Overview
29(26)
Bluetooth
29(1)
Radio Model
30(1)
Media Access Control (MAC)
31(1)
Physical Layer Modulation Types
32(2)
Logical Link Control
34(1)
The MAC Scheduler
35(4)
Packet Structure
39(1)
Low Power Modes
40(1)
Host and Controller
41(1)
Bluetooth Low Energy
42(1)
Similarities and Differences to Classic
42(1)
Radio Model
43(1)
Physical Layer Modulation Types
44(1)
Logical Link Control
44(1)
The MAC Scheduler
45(1)
Packet Structure
46(2)
Host and Controller
48(2)
Classic Bluetooth Audio
50(3)
Summary
53(2)
Chapter 3 One Architecture Overview
55(24)
The LE Audio Layers
55(1)
App Layer
56(1)
Control Layer
57(1)
Stream Control Profiles and Services
58(6)
Capturing and Rendering Profiles and Services
64(1)
Content Control Profiles and Services
65(2)
Coordination Set Profiles and Services
67(1)
Routing Audio Profiles and Services
68(1)
Common Audio Profile (CAP)
69(1)
Codec Layer
69(1)
Low Complexity Communication Codec (LC3)
70(1)
Audio Latency and Retry Effort
71(1)
Transport Layer
72(1)
Unicast Transport - Connected Isochronous Stream (CIS)
72(1)
Broadcast Transport - Broadcast Isochronous Stream (BIS)
73(1)
Advertising (ADV)
74(1)
Signaling Connection - ACL
74(1)
LE Audio Host and Controller
74(2)
Host
76(1)
EATT
77(1)
Controller
77(1)
Summary
78(1)
Chapter 4 App Layer
79(10)
Architecture
79(3)
LE Audio Application
82(1)
Use Case-Based Profiles
82(1)
Telephony and Media Audio Profile
82(2)
Hearing Aid Profile
84(2)
Public Broadcast TV Profile
86(1)
Multichannel Surround Profile
87(1)
Summary
88(1)
Chapter 5 Control Layer
89(56)
Architecture
89(1)
Audio Stream Discovery and Establishment
90(1)
Unicast
91(19)
Broadcast
110(9)
Volume Control
119(4)
Microphone Control
123(3)
Media Control
126(7)
Telephony Control
133(4)
Coordination of Devices
137(2)
Routing Control
139(1)
Common Audio Profile
140(4)
Summary
144(1)
Chapter 6 LC3 Codec
145(16)
Why a New Codec?
145(4)
LC3 Compared with SBC/mSBC
149(1)
Listening Quality
150(2)
Latency and Complexity
152(5)
Bitrate
157(2)
Summary
159(2)
Chapter 7 Transport Layer
161(22)
Isochronous Channels
161(1)
Audio Quality of Service
162(1)
Latency
162(1)
Bitrate
163(1)
Reliability
163(2)
Isochronous Channel Types
165(1)
CIS Logical Transport
165(6)
BIS Logical Transport
171(5)
CIS Control
176(3)
BIS Control
179(3)
Summary
182(1)
Chapter 8 Vision
183(31)
Bring It All Together
183(2)
Future Use Case Examples
185(1)
Museum
186(4)
Home Theater
190(4)
Online Music Jam
194(3)
Interactive Classroom
197(4)
Trade Show
201(5)
Home Recording Studio
206(4)
Online Gaming
210(4)
Epilogue 214(3)
Index 217
 Himanshu Bhalla is a Software Architect in the Client Computing Group (CCG) inside Intel Corporation and is based out of Bengaluru, India. He is a Computer Science graduate of IIT-BHU (Indian Institute of Technology - (BHU), Varanasi) and has over 17 years of experience in Software architecture, design and development. He spent most of his career in the Bluetooth and wireless technology domain. During the start of his career he was involved with a startup (Impulsesoft) which was behind one of the worlds first Bluetooth combined (HF and A2DP) audio headsets in the market. He later worked with Broadcom where he was the architect for Bluetooth Software on Samsung Tizen DTV and received a key achievement award for it. He also contributed to Wi-Fi Direct Services (WFDS) standard and represented Broadcom in the Wi-Fi Alliance. In Intel, he contributed to Wi-Fi Serial Bus (WSB) standard and was instrumental in developing MAUSB (Media Agnostic USB) Software technology. He was a key contributor to Bluetooth Low Energy Audio standard and was editor of multiple critical specifications (ASCP, BAP, etc.). He received the prestigious Outstanding New Contributor of the year award for this work from the Chairman of Board of Directors of Bluetooth SIG during the Working Group Summit in Kirkland in 2018 - this award is based on anonymous voting by the members of the Bluetooth SIG Working Groups. For this, he was featured on the Bluetooth SIG website and also on Bluetooth SIG LinkedIn account, and this was written about him - The procedures which he defined are a corner stone for LE audio. He was also interviewed inside Intel and his interview was featured in the companys Inside Blue portal. He also represents Intel in Bluetooth Architecture Review Board (BARB) and has provided feedback to over 20 specifications spanning across various Bluetooth SIG Working Groups (e.g. Mesh, ATA, GA, etc.). He is also a prolific inventor and has 4 patents granted and 4 more filed with the USPTO. He considers this book as an attempt to give back to the technology and a means to show gratitude to everyone involved in development of this standard.





Oren Haggai is a system architect in the wireless connectivity solutions group at Intel Israel, focusing on Bluetooth technology. He has over 20 years of experience working on various wireless products and standards. Over the years, he contributed to the specification development from early Bluetooth Core 0.7, 0.9, 1.0B, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1 and 5.2, until the latest state of the Bluetooth specifications. He began working on Bluetooth in 1999, while studying at the Technion university, Israel Institute of Technology, where he received a BSc in Computer and Software Engineering from the EE faculty. While at the university he integrated a Bluetooth stack for handheld PCs and phone form factors and instructed students in various Bluetooth projects. He designed and implemented a wireless local information system based on Bluetooth for the EE faculty at the Technion. He later joined a startup (Mobilian) in 2001 which integrated the worlds first single chip Wi-Fi/Bluetooth coexistence solution which was the basis of the PTA 3-wire standard. While at Mobilian he designed the worlds first wireless desktop system, enabling the concurrent operation of Bluetooth mouse, keyboard, A2DP music, file transfer, while co-running and co-exist with Wi-Fi networks. He joined Intel in 2003, as part of Mobilians acquisition by Intel. At Intel he designed and developed Bluetooth solutions for phones and PCs, and a quality of service based dynamic connection manager for cellular WiMAX networks. He wrote system requirements for Bluetooth Low energy for Intel products and became a Bluetooth training champion at Intel, providing training to multiple discipline teams from RF, analog, HW, VLSI, firmware software and validation. He designed numerous MAC and PHY modules in Wi-Fi and in Bluetooth, which are driving a few generations of Intel Wi-Fi/Bluetooth wireless solutions in todays Intel based PCs. He is a member in the following Bluetooth SIG working groups: Audio Telephony and Automotive Working Group (ATAWG), Hearing Aids Working Group (HAWG), Generic Audio Working Group (GAWG) and Core Spec Working Group (CSWG). He contributed to every aspect of the LE Audio specifications in Controller, Host and Codec. He initiated the 0.7 version of the LE Audio stream control specifications, while defining the basic stream control quality of service procedures and coined a few popular LE Audio terms such as PAC (Published Audio Capability) and BASE (Broadcast Audio Source Endpoint).  He holds several patents in the area of wireless communications. He sees the latest development in the Bluetooth specifications as an exciting era and a renaissance of the Bluetooth technology, and wishes to spread that knowledge to a wider audience.