Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: Urban Pollution: Science and Management

Edited by (Senior Lecturer, Construction and Infrastructure School of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Wolverhampton), Edited by
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119260509
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 129,61 €*
  • * hind on lõplik, st. muud allahindlused enam ei rakendu
  • Lisa ostukorvi
  • Lisa soovinimekirja
  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
  • Raamatukogudele
Urban Pollution: Science and ManagementSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119260509
Teised raamatud teemal:

DRM piirangud

  • Kopeerimine (copy/paste):

    ei ole lubatud

  • Printimine:

    ei ole lubatud

  • Kasutamine:

    Digitaalõiguste kaitse (DRM)
    Kirjastus on väljastanud selle e-raamatu krüpteeritud kujul, mis tähendab, et selle lugemiseks peate installeerima spetsiaalse tarkvara. Samuti peate looma endale  Adobe ID Rohkem infot siin. E-raamatut saab lugeda 1 kasutaja ning alla laadida kuni 6'de seadmesse (kõik autoriseeritud sama Adobe ID-ga).

    Vajalik tarkvara
    Mobiilsetes seadmetes (telefon või tahvelarvuti) lugemiseks peate installeerima selle tasuta rakenduse: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    PC või Mac seadmes lugemiseks peate installima Adobe Digital Editionsi (Seeon tasuta rakendus spetsiaalselt e-raamatute lugemiseks. Seda ei tohi segamini ajada Adober Reader'iga, mis tõenäoliselt on juba teie arvutisse installeeritud )

    Seda e-raamatut ei saa lugeda Amazon Kindle's. 

Multidisciplinary treatment of the urgent issues surrounding urban pollution worldwide 

Written by some of the top experts on the subject in the world, this book presents the diverse, complex and current themes of the urban pollution debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. It uniquely combines the science of urban pollution with associated policy that seeks to control it, and includes a comprehensive collection of international case studies showing the status of the problem worldwide.

Urban Pollution: Science and Management is a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of increasing urban living and associated issues with contamination by offering solutions specifically for the built environment. It covers: the impacts of urban pollution; historical urban pollution; evolution of air quality policy and management in urban areas; ground gases in urban environments; bioaccessibility of trace elements in urban environments; urban wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal; living green roofs; light pollution; river ecology; greywater recycling and reuse; containment of pollution from urban waste disposal sites; bioremediation in urban pollution mitigation; air quality monitoring; urban pollution in China and India; urban planning in sub–Saharan Africa and more. 

  • Deals with both the science and the relevant policy and management issues
  • Examines the main sources of urban pollution
  • Covers both first-world and developing world urban pollution issues
  • Integrates the latest scientific research with practical case studies
  • Deals with both legacy and emerging pollutants and their effects

The integration of physical and environmental sciences, combined with social, economic and political sciences and the use of case studies makes Urban Pollution: Science and Management an incredibly useful resource for policy experts, scientists, engineers and those interested in the subject.

List of Contributors xvii
1 Insights and Issues into the Impacts of Urban Pollution 1(6)
Colin A. Booth
Susanne M. Charlesworth
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Examples of Urban Pollution
2(2)
1.2.1 Air Pollution in London, United Kingdom
2(1)
1.2.2 Air Pollution in Bhopal, India
3(1)
1.2.3 Water Pollution in London, United Kingdom
3(1)
1.2.4 Water Pollution in Minamata, Japan
4(1)
1.2.5 Soil Pollution in Missouri, United States
4(1)
1.3 Structure of This Book
4(1)
1.4 Conclusions
5(1)
References
5(2)
2 Historical Urban Pollution 7(22)
Ann Power
Annie Worsley
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Historical Pollution Monitoring using Environmental Archives
8(1)
2.3 Ancient Air Pollution
8(2)
2.4 Industrial Revolution
10(3)
2.4.1 Case Study: Chemicals in Merseyside, NW England
11(2)
2.5 Twentieth-Century Urban Pollution
13(3)
2.5.1 Coal Consumption and the Rise of Urban Smog
13(1)
2.5.2 Case Study: London Smog 1952
13(2)
2.5.3 Post-1950 Urban Pollution - A Complex Signal
15(1)
2.6 Industrial Emissions
16(2)
2.6.1 Metals
16(1)
2.6.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants
17(1)
2.7 Transport
18(2)
2.7.1 Road Transport
18(2)
2.7.2 Air Transport
20(1)
2.8 Conclusions
20(1)
References
20(9)
3 Evolution of Air Quality Policy and Management in Urban Areas 29(10)
Enda Hayes
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Sources of Urban Air Pollution
29(1)
3.3 Health Implications of Urban Air Pollution
30(1)
3.4 Historical Context of Air Quality Policy and Management
30(4)
3.4.1 Towards Modern Air Quality Management in Europe
30(3)
3.4.2 Towards Modern Air Quality Management in the United Kingdom
33(1)
3.5 Future Urban Challenges
34(2)
3.5.1 Current Vehicle Emission Factors
34(1)
3.5.2 Vehicle Fleet Dynamics
35(1)
3.5.3 Human Behaviour
35(1)
3.5.4 Environmental Justice
36(1)
3.6 Conclusions
36(1)
References
36(3)
4 UK and EU Water Policy as an Instrument of Urban Pollution 39(18)
Anne-Marie McLaughlin
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Stephen J. Coupe
Acronyms used in This
Chapter
39(1)
4.1 Introduction
39(1)
4.2 Determining Water Quality
40(1)
4.3 UK Water Policy
41(5)
4.3.1 The EU Water Framework Directive
41(1)
4.3.2 Drinking Water Standards
42(1)
4.3.3 Regulations to Protect Groundwater
43(2)
4.3.4 Road Run-Off and the Development of Run-Off Specific Thresholds
45(1)
4.3.5 Heavily Modified Waterbodies and Artificial Waterbodies
45(1)
4.4 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)
46(3)
4.4.1 Run-Off Destination
46(2)
4.4.1.1 Discharge into the Ground
46(1)
4.4.1.2 Discharge to a Surface Waterbody
47(1)
4.4.1.3 Discharge to a Surface Water Sewer or Local Highway Drain
47(1)
4.4.1.4 Discharge to a Combined Sewer
47(1)
4.4.1.5 Effective Treatment
47(1)
4.4.1.6 Infiltration into the Ground
48(1)
4.4.1.7 Surface Waterbody
48(1)
4.4.2 Rainwater Harvesting
48(1)
4.5 European Policy
49(2)
4.5.1 The Water Framework Directive
49(2)
4.5.2 Drinking Water
51(1)
4.5.3 Groundwater
51(1)
4.5.4 Treatment of Urban Wastewater
51(1)
4.6 The Future
51(2)
4.6.1 Water Quality and Climate Change
52(1)
4.6.2 Potential Impacts of Brexit: Britain's Exit from the European Union
53(1)
4.7 Conclusions
53(1)
References
54(3)
5 Soil Quality and Policy 57(12)
J. Webb
Jose L. Rubio
Michael A. Fullen
5.1 Introduction
57(1)
5.2 Soil Pollutants and Their Sources
57(1)
5.3 Consequences of Urban Soil Pollution
58(3)
5.3.1 Heavy Metals
58(1)
5.3.1.1 Sources
58(1)
5.3.1.2 Characterisation
58(1)
5.3.1.3 Health Risks
58(1)
5.3.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
59(1)
5.3.2.1 Health Risks
59(1)
5.3.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
59(1)
5.3.3.1 Health Risk
59(1)
5.3.4 Dioxins
60(1)
5.3.4.1 Health Risks
60(1)
5.3.5 Platinum Group Elements
60(1)
5.3.6 Rare Earth Elements
60(1)
5.3.7 Particulate Matter
61(1)
5.4 Soils Legislation
61(4)
5.4.1 The European Strategy for Soil Protection
61(1)
5.4.2 EU Legislation Related to Soil Contamination
62(2)
5.4.3 UK Soils Legislation
64(5)
5.4.3.1 Current UK Soils Legislation
64(1)
5.4.3.2 Planning Policy
65(1)
5.5 Conclusions
65(1)
References
66(3)
6 Ground Gases in Urban Environments - Sources and Solutions 69(22)
Andrew B. Shuttleworth
6.1 Introduction
69(2)
6.1.1 Landfill Gas
69(1)
6.1.2 Mine Workings
70(1)
6.1.3 Minor Sources of Ground Gas
71(1)
6.2 The Biochemistry of Ground Gas Production
71(2)
6.2.1 Landfill Gas
71(1)
6.2.2 Natural Materials Producing Ground Gas
72(1)
6.2.3 Radon
72(1)
6.3 Ground Gas Monitoring and Risk Assessment
73(3)
6.3.1 Desk Top Study
73(1)
6.3.2 Intrusive Investigation
73(2)
6.3.2.1 Monitoring Gas in Wells
74(1)
6.3.2.2 Monitoring Instruments
74(1)
6.3.3 Risk Assessment Process
75(1)
6.3.4 Methane and Carbon Dioxide
75(2)
6.3.4.1 Low-Rise Housing with Ventilated Underfloor Void (Min 150 mm)
75(1)
6.3.4.2 All Other Developments
75(1)
6.5 Other Approaches
76(1)
6.6 Passive Barriers and Subfloor Ventilation
77(2)
6.6.1 The Effect of Development on Ground Gases
77(1)
6.6.2 Primary Receptor Protection - Ventilation Layer
77(2)
6.6.3 Secondary Protection - Low-Permeability Membranes
79(1)
6.7 Practical Examples of Gas Protection Details
79(3)
6.7.1 Quality Assurance, Verification, and Integrity Testing
82(1)
6.8 Pathway Interception Systems for Receptor Protection and Control of Historic Sources
82(4)
6.9 Examples of Other Techniques and Solutions: Biodegradation of Gaseous Pollutants
86(1)
6.10 Conclusion
87(1)
References
87(4)
7 Insights and Issues of Trace Elements Found in Street and Road Dusts 91(16)
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Eduardo De Miguel
Almudena Ordonez
Colin A. Booth
7.1 Introduction
91(1)
7.2 Sources of Street and Road Dusts
92(6)
7.2.1 Characteristics of Atmospheric Diffuse Sources
92(1)
7.2.2 Point Sources of Particulates and Pollutants to Street and Road Dust
93(16)
7.2.2.1 Sources Associated with Traffic
94(1)
7.2.2.2 Domestic Heating, Coal, and Oil Combustion
95(1)
7.2.2.3 Resuspension of Soil and Street Dust Particles
96(1)
7.2.2.4 Other Urban Sources
97(1)
7.3 House Dust
98(1)
7.4 Urban Soil
99(1)
7.5 Urban Geochemical Cycles
99(1)
7.6 Conclusions
100(1)
References
101(6)
8 Bioaccessibility of Trace Elements in Urban Environments 107(12)
Eduardo De Miguel
Almudena Ordoriez
Fernando Barrio-Parra
Miguel Izquierdo-Diaz
Rodrigo Alvarez
Juan Mingot
Susanne M. Charlesworth
8.1 Introduction
107(1)
8.2 Analytical Protocols
108(1)
8.3 Bioaccessibility and Urban Environments
109(4)
8.3.1 Bioaccessibility in Urban Soil
110(2)
8.3.2 Lung Bioaccessibility
112(1)
8.4 Bioaccessibility and Human Health Risk Assessment
113(1)
8.5 Conclusions
113(1)
References
113(6)
9 The Necessity for Urban Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal 119(12)
Colin A. Booth
David Oloke
Andrew Gooding
Susanne M. Charlesworth
9.1 Introduction
119(1)
9.2 Wastewater Collection in Developed Countries
120(1)
9.3 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries
121(3)
9.4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries
124(1)
9.5 WASH in Developing Countries
125(2)
9.6 Conclusions
127(1)
References
127(4)
10 Living Green Roofs 131(16)
Sara Wilkinson
Fraser Torpy
10.1 Introduction
131(1)
10.2 Increasing Urbanisation: Urban Growth
131(1)
10.3 Increasing Urbanisation: Soil, Water, and Air Pollution
132(3)
10.3.1 Soil Pollution
132(1)
10.3.2 Water Pollution
133(1)
10.3.3 Air Pollution
134(1)
10.4 Urban Heat Islands and Human Health
135(2)
10.5 Green Roof Options
137(2)
10.6 Case Study: University of Technology, Sydney, Food-Producing Roof and Urban Pollution
139(1)
10.7 Conclusions and Next Steps
140(1)
References
141(6)
11 Light Pollution 147(14)
Fabio Falchi
11.1 Introduction
147(2)
11.2 Environmental and Health Effects of Light Pollution
149(2)
11.3 How to Reduce Light Pollution
151(2)
11.4 The example of the Italian Regional Laws
153(2)
11.5 Conclusions
155(1)
References
156(5)
12 The Role of Forensic Science in the Investigation and Control of Urban Pollution 161(12)
Kenneth Pye
12.1 Introduction
161(1)
12.2 Types of Urban Pollutants
161(4)
12.3 Stages in the Forensic Investigation of Urban Pollution
165(1)
12.4 Methods Used to Identify Sources of Pollutants
165(3)
12.5 Conclusions
168(1)
References
169(4)
13 River Ecology and Urban Pollution 173(14)
Martin Fenn
13.1 Introduction
173(1)
13.2 History of River Ecology Monitoring
174(10)
13.2.1 Macroinvertebrates
175(5)
13.2.2 Macrophytes
180(1)
13.2.3 Diatoms
181(1)
13.2.4 Fish
181(3)
13.3 Success Stories
184(1)
13.3.1 Case Study: Love Your Rivers Telford
184(1)
13.3.2 River Wandle, South West London
184(1)
13.4 Conclusions
185(1)
References
185(2)
14 Urban Meadows on Brownfield Land 187(12)
Lynn Besenyei
14.1 Introduction
187(2)
14.2 Creating Flower-Rich Meadows
189(3)
14.3 Brownfield Soils for Meadow Creation
192(1)
14.4 Management of Created Meadows
193(2)
14.5 Opportunities for Urban Meadow Creation
195(1)
14.6 Conclusions
196(1)
References
196(3)
15 Urban Pollution and Ecosystem Services 199(12)
Rebecca Wade
15.1 Introduction
199(1)
15.2 Ecosystem Services (ES), the Ecosystem Approach, and Ecosystem Service Valuation
199(2)
15.3 Urban Impacts on ES
201(1)
15.4 ES and Urban Pollution in the UK Legislative Context
202(1)
15.5 Enhancing Urban ES to Mitigate Urban Pollution
203(3)
15.6 Conclusions
206(1)
References
207(4)
16 Greywater Recycling and Reuse 211(12)
Katherine Hyde
Matthew Smith
16.1 Introduction
211(1)
16.2 The Ubiquitous Nature of Pollutants in Wastewater from Baths, Showers, and Handbasins
211(1)
16.3 The Quality of Untreated Greywater and Its Water Resource Value
212(1)
16.4 Greywater Terminologies Used in this
Chapter
213(1)
16.5 Pollutants in Untreated Greywater
213(1)
16.6 Standardising Greywater Treatment Systems: Removing and Minimising Pollutant Concentrations
214(2)
16.7 Managing the Environmental Characteristics, Applications, and Urban Uses of Treated Greywater
216(1)
16.8 University of Reading's 2016 Experimental Irrigation of Sedum using Treated Greywater
217(1)
16.9 Soil Results Evaluated during Irrigation using Greywater Constituents
218(1)
16.10 Applying the Principles of Controlled Waters to Greywater Discharges for Sustaining Green Infrastructure
218(2)
16.11 Concluding Comments and Review
220(1)
Acknowledgements
220(1)
References
220(3)
17 Containment of Pollution from Urban Waste Disposal Sites 223(12)
Isaac I. Akinwumi
Colin A. Booth
Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri
Adebanji S. Ogbiye
Akinwale O. Coker
17.1 Introduction
223(1)
17.2 Generation of Waste Worldwide
224(1)
17.3 Waste Management Issues
224(5)
17.3.1 Sorting, Collection, Reuse, and Recycling
224(2)
17.3.2 Disposal
226(3)
17.4 Landfill Liners
229(2)
17.5 Conclusions
231(1)
References
231(4)
18 Mitigating Urban Pollution through Innovative Use of Construction Materials 235(14)
Jamal M. Khatib
A.A. Elkordy
Z. Abou Saleh
18.1 Introduction
235(1)
18.2 Recycled Materials
235(2)
18.3 Cement Replacement and Geopolymer-Based Materials
237(1)
18.4 Innovative Ways of Using Waste Clay
238(1)
18.5 Treatment and Stabilisation of Contaminated Sites
239(1)
18.6 Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste
239(1)
18.7 Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) Wastes
240(1)
18.8 Paper Industry Waste
240(1)
18.9 Shelled Compressed Earth
241(1)
18.10 Innovative Green Construction Materials
241(1)
18.11 Innovative Chemical Admixtures for Construction Materials
242(1)
18.12 Conclusions
242(1)
References
243(6)
19 Application of Zeolites to Environmental Remediation 249(10)
Craig D. Williams
19.1 Introduction
249(1)
19.2 Heavy Metal Removal
249(1)
19.3 Pesticide Removal
250(1)
19.4 Zeolites Used in Transport
250(1)
19.5 Zeolites Used in Wastewater Treatment
251(1)
19.6 Zeolites Used in Nuclear Clean-Up
251(1)
19.7 Zeolites in Organic Clean-Up
252(1)
19.8 Zeolites used in Agriculture
252(2)
19.9 Zeolites as Slow Release Agents
254(1)
19.10 Zeolite Safety
254(1)
19.11 Conclusions
255(1)
References
255(4)
20 Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Theoretical Background and Applications to Groundwaters 259(18)
Alan P. Newman
Andrew B. Shuttleworth
Ernest O. Nnadi
20.1 Introduction
259(1)
20.2 Essentials for Bioremediation
259(3)
20.3 Bioremediation of Groundwater
262(1)
20.4 In Situ Plume Treatment
262(2)
20.5 Electron Acceptor Management in Groundwater Bioremediation
264(1)
20.6 Oxygen Releasing Compounds
265(1)
20.7 Anaerobic Bioremediation of Groundwater
266(1)
20.8 Reductive Anaerobic Degradation
267(1)
20.9 PRBs and Bioremediation
268(2)
20.10 Reductive Biodegradation in Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs)
270(1)
20.11 Conclusion
270(1)
References
270(7)
21 Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Applications to Solid Media 277(16)
Andrew B. Shuttleworth
Alan P. Newman
Ernest O. Nnadi
21.1 Introduction
277(1)
21.2 In Situ Treatment above the Water Table
278(2)
21.3 Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation
280(2)
21.3.1 Landfarming
282(1)
21.4 Ex Situ Bioremediation in Unsaturated Strata
282(6)
21.4.1 Ex Situ Landfarming
282(1)
21.4.2 Turned Windrows
283(2)
21.4.3 Ventilated Biopiles
285(1)
21.4.4 Infrastructure Requirements
286(1)
21.4.5 Slurry Phase Biodegradation
287(1)
21.5 Conclusion
288(1)
References
289(4)
22 Use of Environmental Management Systems to Mitigate Urban Pollution 293(10)
Rosemary Horry
Colin A. Booth
22.1 Introduction
293(1)
22.2 Why Is Environmental Management Important?
293(1)
22.3 Organisational Benefits and Barriers of Implementing an Environmental Management System (EMS)
294(1)
22.4 What can Companies do in Relation to their Environmental Impacts?
294(3)
22.5 What Happens when Things Go Wrong?
297(4)
22.6 Conclusions
301(1)
References
301(2)
23 Role of Citizen Science in Air Quality Monitoring 303(10)
Natasha Constant
23.1 Introduction
303(1)
23.2 Air Pollution in Urban Environments
304(1)
23.3 Citizen Science and New Advances in Air Quality Monitoring
304(2)
23.4 Citizen Science, Biomonitoring, and Plants
306(1)
23.5 Social Dimensions of Citizen Science Air Quality Monitoring
307(1)
23.6 Conclusions
308(1)
References
309(4)
24 Unique Environmental Regulatory Framework Streamlines Clean-Up and Encourages Urban Redevelopment in Massachusetts, United States 313(14)
Catherine M. Malagrida
Ileen Gladstone
Ryan S. Hoffman
24.1 Introduction
313(1)
24.2 LSPs and the Privatised System
314(1)
24.3 The Risk-Based Clean-Up Programme
314(1)
24.4 Brownfield Redevelopment Incentives
315(1)
24.5 Case Studies
315(9)
24.5.1 Case Study 1 East End Veteran's Memorial Park
315(3)
24.5.1.1 Peabody, Massachusetts
315(1)
24.5.1.2 Porous Pavement Cap
316(1)
24.5.1.3 Top Soil Cap
317(1)
24.5.1.4 Mesh Grass Cap
317(1)
24.5.2 Case Study 2 Affordable Housing, Boston, Massachusetts
318(3)
24.5.2.1 The Community Builders
318(3)
24.5.3 Case Study 3 Thomas J. Butler Freight Corridor and Memorial Park
321(12)
24.5.3.1 South Boston, Massachusetts
321(3)
24.6 Conclusions
324(1)
References
325(2)
25 Urban Pollution in China 327(14)
Jianmin Ma
Jianzhong Xu
25.1 Introduction
327(1)
25.2 Urban Air Pollution in China
327(5)
25.3 Urban Land/Soil Pollution
332(1)
25.4 Municipal Waste Contamination in Urban China
332(1)
25.5 A Case Study of Urban Pollution in Beijing
333(4)
25.5.1 Air Pollution in Beijing
333(2)
25.5.2 Soil/Land Pollution in Beijing
335(2)
25.6 Conclusions
337(1)
References
337(4)
26 Urban Pollution in India 341(16)
Manoj Shrivastava
Avijit Ghosh
Ranjan Bhattacharyya
S.D. Singh
26.1 Introduction
341(1)
26.2 Issues Related to Urban Pollution in India
341(4)
26.3 Pollution from Solid Waste and Wastewater in Indian Urban Areas
345(1)
26.4 Air Pollution in Urban Areas of India
346(2)
26.5 Water Pollution in Urban Areas of India
348(2)
26.6 Soil Contamination in Urban Areas of India
350(1)
26.7 Noise Pollution in Urban Areas of India
350(1)
26.8 Ways to Reduce Urban Pollution in India
351(1)
26.9 Conclusions
352(1)
References
352(5)
27 Urban Aquatic Pollution in Brazil 357(14)
Felippe Fernandes
Paulo Roberto Bairros Da Silva
Cristiano Poleto
Susanne M. Charlesworth
27.1 Introduction
357(1)
27.2 Current Brazilian Environmental Regulations
358(2)
27.3 Ecological Risk Assessment Approaches in Brazil
360(1)
27.4 Environmental Studies in Brazil
361(4)
27.4.1 The State of Parana
361(2)
27.4.2 The State of Rio Grande do Sul
363(1)
27.4.3 The State of Sao Paulo
364(1)
27.5 A Case Study of Curitiba, Parana
365(1)
27.6 Conclusions
366(1)
References
367(4)
28 Potentially Toxic Metal-Bearing Phases in Urban Dust and Suspended Particulate Matter: The Case of Budapest, Hungary 371(14)
Peter Sipos
Tibor Nemeth
Viktoria Kovcacs Kis
Norbert Zajzon
Chung Choi
Zoltan May
28.1 Introduction
371(1)
28.2 Materials and Methods
372(1)
28.2.1 Sampling
372(1)
28.2.2 Geochemical and Mineralogical Analyses
372(1)
28.3 Results and Discussion
373(6)
28.3.1 Urban Dust (UD)
373(2)
28.3.1.1 Metals' Enrichment
373(1)
28.3.1.2 Phase Composition of the Dust Material
374(1)
28.3.1.3 Metal-Bearing Phases
375(1)
28.3.2 Suspended Particulate Matter (PM)
375(4)
28.3.2.1 Metals' Enrichment
375(2)
28.3.2.2 Phase Composition of PM
377(1)
28.3.3.3 Metal-Bearing Phases
377(2)
28.4 Conclusions
379(1)
References
380(5)
29 The Role of Urban Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa Urban Pollution Management 385(12)
Kwasi Gyau Baffour Awuah
29.1 Introduction
385(1)
29.2 Overview of Urban Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
386(3)
29.3 Urban Planning as a Panacea
389(3)
29.4 Lessons for SSA Urban Planning
392(1)
References
393(4)
30 Water Pollution and Urbanisation Trends in Lebanon: Litani River Basin Case Study 397(20)
Jamal M. Khatib
Safaa Baydoun
A.A. El Kordi
30.1 Introduction
397(2)
30.2 Water Resources in Lebanon
399(1)
30.3 Urbanisation Trends
400(1)
30.4 Wastewater Management
401(1)
30.5 Water Quality
402(1)
30.6 The Case of the Litani River Basin
403(1)
30.7 Urbanisation and Water Pollution Trends
404(4)
30.8 Pollution Impact
408(1)
30.9 Current Management Efforts and Strategies
409(1)
30.10 Conclusions and Recommendations
409(1)
References
410(7)
31 Closing Comments on Urban Pollution 417(6)
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Colin A. Booth
31.1 Introduction
417(4)
31.2 The Future for Towns and Cities
421(1)
Reference
421(2)
Index 423
SUSANNE M. CHARLESWORTH is a Professor of Urban Physical Geography in the Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience at Coventry University, United Kingdom.

COLIN A. BOOTH is Associate Head of Research and Scholarship for the School of Architecture and the Built Environment at the University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/97811192605096e.html
Märksõnad: