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This book is dedicated to the issue of animal metaphor together with its intricacies and internal complexity. Its main objective is to present a unified picture of the role animal terms have played in the shape of English and other natural languages. The author addresses such aspects of animal metaphor as the problem of animal names used as surnames, so-called verbal and adjectival zoosemy, or the use of names of animal body parts with reference to people. The cognitively-oriented analysis is carried out in terms of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which is capable of accounting for semantic change in a panchronic perspective. The results show that virtually any facet of humanity, which is beyond the norm, may be viewed, perceived, conceived of and expressed in animal terms.

This book is dedicated to the issue of animal metaphor. The cognitively-oriented panchronic analysis is carried out in terms of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The results show that virtually any facet of humanity which is beyond the norm may be viewed, perceived, conceived of and expressed in animal terms.
Preface 9(2)
Typographic Conventions 11(10)
List of Abbreviations
13(8)
List of Figures
19(2)
Introduction 21(8)
Chapter 1 On the Complexity, Multidirectionality and Universality of Animal Metaphor
29(66)
1.0 Introduction
29(1)
1.1 Metaphor as a Source of Cognitively Motivated Semantic Change
29(2)
1.2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory
31(4)
1.3 The Motivation of Conceptual Metaphors
35(1)
1.4 Metonymy
35(4)
1.5 The Scope of Animal Metaphor and the Theory of the Great Chain of Being
39(33)
1.5.1 The Working of Animal Metaphor on Various Levels of the Great Chain of Being
46(1)
1.5.1.1 Animal Metaphor <GOD IS ANIMAL>
47(1)
1.5.1.2 Zoosemy: Animal Metaphor <HUMAN BEING IS ANIMAL>
48(3)
1.5.1.2.1 The Nominating Function of Zoosemy: Animal Names Used as Human Surnames
51(6)
1.5.1.2.2 The Morphology-Semantics Interface of Animal-related Surnames
57(1)
1.5.1.2.2.1 Diminutivisation-related Surnames
57(2)
1.5.1.2.2.2 The Formation of Animal-related Surnames with Regard to the Gender Parameter
59(1)
1.5.1.2.2.3 Surnames Based on Animal-related Occupations/Professions
59(1)
1.5.1.2.2.4 Animal-based Surnames of Latin/Greek Origin
60(1)
1.5.1.2.2.5 Surnames Based on Animal-related Location/Habitat
60(1)
1.5.1.2.2.6 Surnames Based on Animal Body Parts
61(1)
1.5.1.2.2.7 Surnames Derived from Animal Verbs
61(1)
1.5.1.2.3 Animal-related Surnames: The Main Observations
62(1)
1.5.1.3 Animal Metaphor <ANIMAL IS (ANOTHER) ANIMAL>
63(3)
1.5.1.4 Animal Metaphor <PLANT IS ANIMAL>
66(2)
1.5.1.5 Animal Metaphor <INANIMATE ENTITY IS ANIMAL>
68(2)
1.5.1.6 Animal Metaphor in the Context of Toponymy
70(1)
1.5.1.7 Animal Metaphor in the Context of Medicine
70(2)
1.6 Towards a Zoosemic Analysis
72(3)
1.7 On the Varied Morpho-semantic Productivity and Complexity of Zoosemy
75(5)
1.8 On the Cross-linguistic Universality and Productivity of Zoosemy
80(4)
1.9 On the Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Workings of Zoosemy
84(11)
1.9.1 Some Aspects of Cross-cultural Zoosemy
85(1)
1.9.1.1 The Symbolism of the Owl
86(2)
1.9.1.2 The Symbolism of the Pig
88(2)
1.9.2 On the Polarization of the Conceptual Dimension BEHAVIOUR/CHARACTER
90(2)
1.9.3 Cross-cultural Zoosemy: Some Implications
92(3)
Chapter 2 On the Transparency and Opaqueness of Zoosemy
95(78)
2.0 Introduction
95(1)
2.1 Towards the Categorisation of Verbal Zoosemy
95(30)
2.1.1 Partial Conclusions
123(2)
2.2 On the Relation between Zoosemic Transfer and the Position of Entities Involved in the GCB: The Case of Equine and Canine Verbal Zoosemy
125(27)
2.2.1 The Notion of Panchrony
126(1)
2.2.2 Stekauer et al.'s (2001) Model
127(3)
2.2.3 English Equine Nominal and Verbal Zoosemy
130(7)
2.2.4 English Canine Nominal and Verbal Zoosemy
137(14)
2.2.5 Partial Conclusions
151(1)
2.3 Towards the Categorisation of Adjectival Zoosemy
152(21)
2.3.1 On the Categorisation of Adjectival Zoosemy: A Morphological Perspective
152(9)
2.3.2 On the Categorisation of Adjectival Zoosemy: A Semantic Perspective
161(10)
2.3.3 Partial Conclusions
171(2)
Chapter 3 Towards Various Mechanisms of Zoosemy-based Transfers
173(74)
3.0 Introduction
173(1)
3.1 Zoosemy as Metaphor-Metonymy Interaction: An Overview
173(27)
3.1.1 Nominal and Verbal Zoosemy: The Case of Metaphor-Metonymy Interface
176(1)
3.1.1.1 The Derivation tail > to tail
177(11)
3.1.1.1.1 In Search of Partial Conclusions
188(1)
3.1.1.2 The Derivation oganiac (sie) > ogon
189(3)
3.1.1.2.1 In Search of Partial Conclusions
192(1)
3.1.1.3 The Derivation snout > to snout
193(3)
3.1.1.3.1 In Search of Partial Conclusions
196(1)
3.1.1.4 The Derivation pysk > pyskowac
197(1)
3.1.1.4.1 In Search of Partial Conclusions
198(2)
3.2 Foodsemy as a Subtype of Zoosemy
200(2)
3.3 Habitat-conditioned Zoosemy
202(2)
3.4 Reversed Zoosemy
204(2)
3.5 GCB-level-conditioned Human-centred Degeneration of Animal Terms
206(2)
3.6 Concluding Remarks
208(39)
Conclusions
211(16)
References
227(20)
Appendices
247(22)
Appendix 1 Verbal Zoosemy
247(11)
Appendix 2 Adjectival Zoosemy
258(4)
Appendix 3 Zoosemy Based on Animal Body Parts
262(4)
Appendix 4 Habitat-zoosemy
266(3)
Index of Names 269
Robert Kietyka is an Associate Professor in the Institute of English Studies at the University of Rzeszów (Poland). His main research interests include diachronic semantics, cognitive linguistics and morphology-semantics interface.