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E-raamat: Vital Models: The Making and Use of Models in the Brain Sciences

Volume editor (King's College London, UK), Volume editor (King's College London, UK), Volume editor (King's College London, UK)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Progress in Brain Research
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128125588
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Vital Models: The Making and Use of Models in the Brain SciencesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Progress in Brain Research
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128125588
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The use of models has been important to the historical and contemporary study of the human brain, yet very little study by social scientists has been dedicated to how the brain sciences develop and use models to better understand what brains are and how they work, including the complex entanglements between brains, bodies and their environments. Vital Models: The Making and Use of Models in the Brain Sciences explores the history and use of brain models from clinical psychiatry to psychopharmacology and cybernetics, as well as developments in digital brain modeling, simulation, imaging and connectomics.

This timely volume helps both scientists and students better understand the variety, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of models in neuroscience.

Muu info

Explores the history and use of 3D models of the brain in research and teaching and the development of digital models and simulations
Contributors v
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Vital brains: On the entanglement of media, minds, and models
1(24)
Cornelius Borck
1 The Presence of the Brain
3(2)
2 Vital Abstraction at Work in Past Theories of Brain Work
5(3)
3 Entanglements of Theory and Technology: Brain Models in Relation to Visualization Strategies
8(4)
4 Brain Models From Static Machines to Dynamic System and Virtual Avatars
12(3)
5 Grey Walter, The Living Brain and Vital Abstraction
15(3)
6 Conclusion: Abstract and Concrete Brain Models
18(7)
References
21(4)
Chapter 2 Slicing the cortex to study mental illness: Alois Alzheimer's pictures of equivalence
25(28)
Lara Keuck
1 Introduction
26(3)
2 Sources and Audiences
29(5)
3 Cortex Pathology as a Means for Bettering Clinical Psychiatry
34(4)
4 The Normal Vital Brain in Alzheimer's Pathological Anatomy
38(5)
5 Picturing Pathological Preparations
43(5)
6 Conclusion
48(5)
Acknowledgments
49(1)
References
49(4)
Chapter 3 Opaque models: Using drugs and dreams to explore the neurobiological basis of mental phenomena
53(20)
Nicolas Langlitz
1 Pharmacological Models of Psychosis
55(3)
2 An Animal Model of Psychosis
58(3)
3 Dreaming as a Model of Psychosis
61(2)
4 Dreaming as a Model of Consciousness
63(2)
5 The Functions of Opaque Models
65(8)
Acknowledgments
69(1)
References
69(4)
Chapter 4 Man not a machine: Models, minds, and mental labor, c. 1980
73(28)
Max Stadler
1 Introduction
74(3)
2 Role Models of the Mind
77(4)
3 Men vs Machines: The Somatization of Mental Labor
81(6)
4 Your Friend, the Computer
87(8)
5 Conclusion
95(6)
References
96(5)
Chapter 5 Infrastructural intelligence: Contemporary entanglements between neuroscience and Al
101(28)
Johannes Bruder
1 Introduction
101(3)
2 From Open Minds to DeepMind
104(1)
3 Deep Architectures
105(3)
4 Infrastructural Intelligence
108(4)
5 The Default Mode (Network)
112(3)
6 The Infrastructuralization of the Brain
115(3)
7 A Mathematical Laboratory
118(2)
8 The Space Itself Is the Event
120(2)
9 Conclusion
122(7)
References
123(5)
Further Reading
128(1)
Chapter 6 Learning from large-scale neural simulations
129(20)
Maria Serban
1 Introduction
129(2)
2 Directions in the Epistemology of Computer Simulations
131(4)
2.1 Model-Oriented and Data-Oriented Simulations
133(2)
3 Varieties of Large-scale Neural Simulations
135(6)
3.1 The Blue Brain Project
136(2)
3.2 A Large-Scale Model of the Mammalian Thalamocortical System
138(1)
3.3 The Cognitive Computation Project
139(2)
4 An Evaluation Schema
141(5)
4.1 On the Blue Brain and the Human Brain Projects
141(2)
4.2 On Izhikevich and Edelman Large-Scale Simulations
143(2)
4.3 On the Cognitive Computation Project
145(1)
5 Conclusion
146(3)
References
147(2)
Chapter 7 Connectomes as constitutively epistemic objects: Critical perspectives on modeling in current neuroanatomy
149(30)
Philipp Haueis
Jan Slaby
1 Introduction
150(1)
2 Connectomes in Neuroscientific Practice
151(14)
2.1 The C. elegans Wiring Diagram as a Descriptive Model
152(3)
2.2 Descriptive Modeling in Contemporary Connectomics
155(4)
2.3 Connectomes as Constitutively Epistemic Objects
159(6)
3 Critical Neuroscience of Connectomics
165(14)
3.1 The Brain's Next Top Model
166(3)
3.2 The Elusive Network: Brain Connectivity and Contemporary Network Sociality
169(3)
3.3 Concluding Outlook: Critical Neuroscience and Model Domain Realism
172(2)
References
174(5)
Chapter 8 Bridging the gap between system and cell: The role of ultra-high field MRI in human neuroscience
179(42)
Robert Turner
Daniel De Haan
1 Introduction
180(4)
2 Modeling the Brain
184(11)
2.1 Mechanistic Models
184(5)
2.2 Description and Attribution of Function
189(3)
2.3 Prediction and Predictive Coding
192(1)
2.4 Connectionism and Spatial Modularity
193(1)
2.5 Issues of Granularity: Level of Explanation and Consistency
194(1)
3 Neuroanatomy
195(4)
3.1 The Neuron Doctrine of Cajal
195(1)
3.2 Myelin
196(1)
3.3 Compactness of Brain Areas
197(1)
3.4 Networks and Connectivity
197(2)
4 MRI, Brain Function, and Neuroanatomy
199(7)
4.1 Sources of MRI Contrast
200(1)
4.2 Spatial Resolution
201(2)
4.3 In Vivo Histology
203(1)
4.4 Functional MRI, Local Connectivity, and Causal Directionality
204(2)
5 Data-driven Functional Categorization
206(2)
5.1 Representational Models
207(1)
5.2 Population Receptive Fields (Dumoulin and Wandell)
208(1)
6 Conclusions: The Prospects of Linking Cell and System
208(13)
References
212(8)
Further Reading
220(1)
Index 221
Tara Mahfoud is a PhD Candidate at the Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine. She has a Masters degree in Social Anthropology from the School of Oriental and African Studies, and a Bachelors degree in Sociology and Anthropology from the American University of Beirut. Her dissertation is an ethnography of brain modeling and simulation in the European Unions Human Brain Project. Sam McLean is a Teaching Fellow and PhD student in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Kings College London. His work is rooted in the history of philosophy and life science. He is currently working on an ontological history of addiction and memory in addiction neuroscience, and a history of passion and knowledge in European intellectual culture. Nikolas Rose is Professor of Sociology and Head of the Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine at Kings College London. His work explores how scientific developments have changed conceptions of human identity and governance and what this means for our political, socio-economic and legal futures. Rose is a Co-director of the Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation (CSynBI), a major research collaboration between Kings and Imperial College London. A member of numerous advisory groups engaging key stakeholders, he has also held high-level academic posts in LSE and at Goldsmiths. Trained as a biologist, a psychologist and a sociologist, Rose co-founded two influential radical journals in the 1970s and 1980s, playing a key role in introducing French post-structuralist critical thought to an English speaking audience and helping develop new approaches to political analysis and strategy. He has published widely across numerous fields and disciplines, with work translated into 13 languages. He is a former Managing Editor of Economy and Society and Joint Editor-in-Chief of the interdisciplinary journal, BioSocieties.
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