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3 | (8) |
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11 | (22) |
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Epidemiology, Definitions and Classification |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
|
Vitiligo Vulgaris or Non-Segmental Vitiligo |
|
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14 | (1) |
|
Conditions to Exclude from the Definition of NSV |
|
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14 | (7) |
|
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21 | (1) |
|
Conditions to Exclude from the Definition of SV |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Recommendations for a Proper Interpretation of Biopsies |
|
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26 | (1) |
|
Histo- and Immunohistochemistry Techniques for Studying Vitiligo |
|
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
|
Findings in Perilesional and Distant Areas in Non-segmental vitiligo |
|
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28 | (1) |
|
Nature of the Inflammatory Infiltrate |
|
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (94) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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|
Epidemiology and Clinical Features |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and General Features |
|
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
|
Classification, Course and Prognosis |
|
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44 | (1) |
|
Classification of Segmental Vitiligo on the Face (Hann) |
|
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44 | (1) |
|
Classification of Segmental Vitiligo of the Face and Neck (Gauthier) |
|
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45 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis, Course, and Special Locations |
|
|
45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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Definition and Epidemiology |
|
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
|
Precipitating Factors and Progression |
|
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52 | (2) |
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Influence of Previous Treatments |
|
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54 | (1) |
|
Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Extensive Vitiligo and Application to VU |
|
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Definition and Epidemiology |
|
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Associated Disorders |
|
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62 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Histological, Immunological, and Genetic Data |
|
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
|
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64 | (1) |
|
Hair Involvement in Vitiligo |
|
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65 | (1) |
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|
Hair, Melanocytes, and Pigmentation |
|
|
65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
|
Hair Follicle Melanocytes, Melanocyte Reservoir, and Pigment Stem Cells |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Pigmentation in the Hair Follicle |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Hair Involvement in Vitiligo |
|
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67 | (2) |
|
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69 | (1) |
|
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69 | (1) |
|
Surgical Correction of Leukotrichia |
|
|
70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
|
Non-Skin Melanocytes in Vitiligo |
|
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73 | (1) |
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|
73 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
Leptomeningeal Pigmentation |
|
|
77 | (1) |
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|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
Autoimmune/Inflammatory and Other Diseases Associated with Vitiligo |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
A General Overview of Association Studies |
|
|
79 | (3) |
|
Autoinflammatory/Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Vitiligo: Clinical Analysis and Relevance of the Association |
|
|
82 | (4) |
|
Particular and Rare Associations |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Other Reported Associations |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (3) |
|
Vitiligo and Immunodeficiences |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
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91 | (1) |
|
Vitiligo and HIV Infection |
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
Vitiligo and Idiopathic T-Cell Lymphocytopenia |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Complement Deficiencies and Vitiligo |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Ultraviolet Irradiation and Vitiligo |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (3) |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Isolated Clinically Inflammatory Vitiligo |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
Clinically Inflammatory Vitiligo Associated with Other Disorders |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Histological Features of Clinically Inflammatory Vitiligo versus Common Clinically Non-Inflammatory Vitiligo |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Summary and Concluding Remarks |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
104 | (3) |
|
Rare Inherited Diseases and Vitiligo |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
The Interest of Studying Monogenic Disorders for the Understanding of Common NSV |
|
|
107 | (3) |
|
Discussion of Some Selected Monogenic Disorders |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Breakage Disorders: Ataxia Telangiectasia and Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
|
114 | (3) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier |
|
|
|
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117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Disease Extent and Progression |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Associated Skin Conditions |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Associated Autoimmune diseases and Laboratory Investigations |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Psychological Effects of Childhood Vitiligo |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Summary of Therapeutic Issues |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Definition and Epidemiological Data |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Significance of Late Onset Vitiligo |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Considerations |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
Evaluation, Assessment and Scoring |
|
|
127 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
Associated Disorders and Laboratory Workup |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Interobserver Variability |
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
Correlations Between Assessment Variables |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
|
135 | (4) |
|
|
Introduction and Historical Perspective |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Modern Psychological Studies |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Socio-Economic and Educational Consequences |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Quality of Life Evaluation |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
Natural History and Prognosis |
|
|
139 | (4) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Stability vs. Active Disease |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Treatment Outcome and Stability of Repigmentation |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Clinical Markers of Prognosis |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
Prognosis and Subtypes of Vitiligo |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Defining the Disease: Editor's Synthesis |
|
|
143 | (6) |
|
|
|
Clinical Assessment is Important |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Epidemiological Studies, Including Twin Studies, Are Needed |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Variable Melanocytic Targets According to Clinical Subtypes |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Lessons from Associated Diseases and Rare Syndromic Cases |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Predictive Classifications of Facial Segmental Vitiligo? |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Suboptimal Use of Pathology to Assess and Probably Understand Vitiligo |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
Understanding the Disease |
|
|
|
|
149 | (4) |
|
|
|
From Where to Start? A Good Hierarchy of Relevant Data is Needed |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Time for a Critical Reappraisal of the Convergence Theory |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
Melanocyte Loss: Survival Defect, True Destruction, or Multistep Process with Immune Acceleration? |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
The Genetics Angle: Unbiased and Productive? |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
Inflammation and Auto-Immunity. The Role of Stress |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
Identifying and Characterizing Skin and Non Skin Cellular Anomalies in Vitiligo |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
The Need for Translational Research |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
Conclusions and Scope of this Book Section |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (142) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
Identification of Vitiligo Susceptibility Genes |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
The Candidate Gene Approach |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
The Gene Expression Approach |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
161 | (4) |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
|
Historical Aspects and Definition |
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
The KP in the Vitiligo Clinic |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (3) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
Chemicals Triggering Occupational Vitiligo |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
Mode of Action of Phenols/Catechols |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Quinones and Link with Oxidative Damage |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
Non-Invasive Methods for Vitiligo Evaluation |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Defining the Extension of Vitiligo |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Macroscopic Morphological Measurements |
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
Reflectance Tristimulus CIE Colourimetry |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Selected Spectral Bands and Narrow-Band Reflectance Spectrophotometry |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Non-Invasive Micro-Morphological Measurement: In Vivo-Reflectance Confocal Microscopy |
|
|
190 | (3) |
|
|
193 | (4) |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
Ultrastructural Study of the Epidermis |
|
|
197 | (3) |
|
Ultrastructural Study of the Basement Membrane |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Ultrastructural Study of Cultured Melanocytes from Vitiligo Patients |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Ultrastructural Study of the Dermis |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
Animal Models of Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
The Multifactorial Nature of Autoimmune Disorders: Application to Vitiligo |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Naturally Occurring Animal Models of Vitiligo |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
The Sinclair Miniature Swine |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
The Vitiligo (C57B1/J6-vit/vit) Mouse |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
The Barred Plymouth Rock and White Leghorn Chickens |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
The Smyth Line Chicken Animal Model of Spontaneous Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
The Genetics Basis of Smyth Line Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
Inherent Melanocyte Defect in Smyth Line Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
Immune System Involvement in Smyth Line Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Environmental Factors Involved in the Expression of Smyth Line Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Opportunities Provided by the Smyth Line Chicken Model for Autoimmune Vitiligo |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Experimental Model of Induced Autoimmune Vitiligo: Mouse Model for the Role of Stress |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
Cell Isolation and Culture |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Isolation of Skin Melanocytes and Keratinocytes |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Isolation and Culture of Skin Fibroblasts |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Isolation and Culture of Hair Follicle Melanocytes and Keratinocytes |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Isolation and Freezing of Peripheral |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Blood Mononuclear cells (PBMC) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
In Vitro Reconstructed Epidermis |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Preparation of Dead De-Epidermized Dermis |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Functional Studies of NSV Cells Using Monolayers: Melanocytes, Keratinocytes, and Fibroblasts |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Functional Studies Using Reconstructed Epidermis |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
Fluorescence-Based Assays |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (3) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Catecholamine and Biopterin Metabolisms |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Cellular Alternations Related to the Oxidative Stress |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
The Possible Genetic Background |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
The Systemic Oxidative Stress |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (3) |
|
Immune/Inflammatory Aspects |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
The Role of Innate Immunity in Vitiligo |
|
|
240 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
Melanocyte Antibodies in Vitiligo |
|
|
248 | (5) |
|
Other Antibodies in Vitiligo |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
Interaction of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Vitiligo |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
|
Immune Infiltrates in Vitiligo Skin |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
T Cells and Depigmentation |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
Homing of Immune Reactive T-Cells |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Vitiligo versus Melanoma T-Cell Responses |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
CD4+ T Cells and Vitiligo Progression |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Melanocytes as Antigen-Presenting Cells |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Dendritic Cell Mediated Killing |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Additional Players in Cellular Immunity |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Heat Shock Proteins in Immune Activation |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
264 | (5) |
|
Cytokines and Growth Factors |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
|
Introduction: Melanocytic Homeostasis and Cytokines/Growth Factors |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
The Role of Melanogenic Cytokines |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Summary: How the Epidermal Cytokine Network May Be Impaired in Vitiligo Skin |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (10) |
|
Proopiomelanocortin and Related Hormones |
|
|
283 | (8) |
|
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
|
Segmental Vitiligo: A Model to Understand Vitiligo? |
|
|
295 | (16) |
|
Particular Clinical Characteristics of Segmental Vitiligo |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
|
The Concept of Mosaicism Applied to SV |
|
|
298 | (4) |
|
|
The Neurogenic Hypothesis in Segmental Vitiligo |
|
|
302 | (4) |
|
|
|
Segmental Vitiligo: A Model for Understanding the Recapitulation of Repigmentation |
|
|
306 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
311 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
319 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
325 | (18) |
|
|
327 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
331 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
339 | (4) |
|
|
|
343 | (26) |
|
PUVA and Related Treatments |
|
|
345 | (8) |
|
|
UVB Total Body and Targeted Phototherapies |
|
|
353 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
362 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
Vitamins and Antioxidants: Topical and Systemic |
|
|
369 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
375 | (12) |
|
Corticosteroid Minipulses |
|
|
377 | (4) |
|
|
|
Other Immunosuppressive Regimen |
|
|
381 | (6) |
|
|
Empirical, Traditional, and Alternative Treatments |
|
|
387 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
393 | (24) |
|
Background and Techniques |
|
|
395 | (14) |
|
|
The Outcomes: Lessons About Surgical Therapy for Vitiligo in the Past Two Decades |
|
|
409 | (8) |
|
|
Combined Therapies for Vitiligo |
|
|
417 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
423 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
431 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
439 | (4) |
|
|
|
Therapy Adapted for Age, Gender, and Specific Locations |
|
|
443 | (4) |
|
|
Inka Nieuweboer-Krobotova |
|
|
Psychological Interventions |
|
|
447 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
451 | (10) |
|
|
|
Evidence-Based Medicine Perspective |
|
|
461 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Editor's Synthesis and Perspectives |
|
|
471 | |
|
|