Voids in Materials treats voids of different shapes and forms in various materials, and examines their effects on material properties. The book covers the origins of voids in materials, how they are sometimes introduced in the form of hollow spheres, and the resultant properties of materials containing voids.
There are many books that focus on foams (which intentionally incorporate voids into materials) and that cover voids incidental to or unwanted in the fabrication of non-porous materials. In fact, all materials have voids. This book starts from the premise that voids are pervasive in all material on some level. It goes beyond foams to provide a comprehensive overview of voids, a central reference for scientists and engineers to use for the effect of voids in materials.
- Includes 3D renderings of void geometries
- Explains how and why voids are introduced into materials across the length scales; from nanometer-scale voids up to macro-scale voids
- Provides a continuous picture of how material properties change as the volume fraction of voids increases, and the implications for product design
Arvustused
"...a good job of highlighting the similarities among voids in these various types of materials and describing the ways in which voids impact their properties...recommended to those who desire an accessible, introductory overview to porous materials." --MRS Bulletin
"Useful tables are included that list example materials and associated void sizesThis book is recommended to those who desire an accessible, introductory overview to porous materials." --MRS Bulletin
Muu info
Covers all aspects of voids and how they affect the properties of materials: from deleterious effects of voids on conventional materials to purposely designed cellular materials and foams
| Preface |
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vii | |
| About the authors |
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xi | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (5) |
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1.3 Voids through the Length Scale |
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7 | (6) |
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10 | (3) |
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2 Intrinsic Voids, Ideal Materials, and Real Materials |
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13 | (24) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Crystalline Materials |
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14 | (7) |
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2.3 Mechanical Properties |
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21 | (5) |
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2.4 Processing and Service Induced Voids |
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26 | (2) |
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2.5 Time Dependent Properties |
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28 | (9) |
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34 | (3) |
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3 Intrinsic Voids in Polymers |
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37 | (12) |
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37 | (3) |
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3.2 Free Volume and Thermomechanical Behavior |
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40 | (2) |
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3.3 Kinetic Theory of Polymer Strength |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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3.5 Role of Voids in Physical Aging in Polymers |
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45 | (1) |
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3.6 Measurement of Free Volume |
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46 | (3) |
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47 | (2) |
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4 Techniques for Introducing Intentional Voids into Materials |
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49 | (24) |
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49 | (1) |
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4.2 Commonalities of Foam Formation Processes |
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50 | (1) |
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4.3 Introduction of a Gas |
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51 | (7) |
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4.4 Templating or Sacrificial Pore Former |
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58 | (2) |
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4.5 Bonding Together of Spheres, Fibers, Powders, or Particles |
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60 | (3) |
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4.6 Rapid Prototyping of Cellular Structures |
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63 | (1) |
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4.7 Mechanical Stretching |
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64 | (1) |
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4.8 Hierarchical Design with Voids |
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65 | (8) |
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69 | (4) |
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5 Techniques of Introducing Intentional Voids into Particles and Fibers |
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73 | (30) |
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73 | (1) |
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5.2 Hollow and Porous Particles |
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73 | (16) |
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5.3 Hollow and Porous Fibers |
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89 | (7) |
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5.4 Nonspherical Hollow Particles |
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96 | (7) |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (28) |
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6.1 General Characterization |
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103 | (9) |
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112 | (5) |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (5) |
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6.5 Finite Element Analysis |
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127 | (4) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (26) |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (5) |
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7.3 Micrometer Scale Voids |
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139 | (8) |
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7.4 Nanometer Scale Voids |
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147 | (4) |
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151 | (6) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (16) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (4) |
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8.3 Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy |
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161 | (3) |
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8.4 Three Dimensional Imaging |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (5) |
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171 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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173 | (4) |
| Author Index |
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177 | (8) |
| Subject Index |
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185 | |
Gary Gladysz is an adjunct associate professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States and founder at X-Link 3D. He received his PhD from the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, where he participated in the NATO Collaborative Program with the German Aerospace Institute (DLR). Since receiving his PhD, he has led research efforts in university, government, and industrial settings. He has extensive research experience designing and characterizing thermoset composite materials for 3D printing, fibrous composites, ceramic composites, polymers, composite foams, and thin films. As a technical staff member at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), he was technical lead for rigid composites and thermoset materials. In 2005 he was awarded the LANL Distinguished Performance Group Award for his work leading materials development on the Reliable Replacement Warhead Feasibility Project. Additionally, while the US Army, he developed composite materials and test protocols for ballistic head protection. He has served on funding review boards for LANL, National Science Foundation, ACS, and the Lindbergh Foundation. He has been guest editor on many issues of leading materials science journals, including Journal of Materials Science and Materials Science & Engineering. He has organized many international conferences/symposia on syntactic foams, composite materials, and innovative materials for additive manufacturing. He started and chairs the ECI international conference series on Syntactic and Composites Foams. He currently lives in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Professor Krishan Chawla obtained his BS from Banaras Hindu University and his MS and PhD degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States. He has taught and/or done research at (in alphabetical order) Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (United States); Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland); Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin (Germany); German Aerospace Research Institute (DLR), Cologne (Germany); Instituto Militar de Engenharia (Brazil); Laval University (Canada); Los Alamos National Lab (United States); New Mexico Tech (United States); Northwestern University (United States); University of Alabama at Birmingham (United States); and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (United States). He has published extensively in the areas of processing, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of materials, in general, and composite materials and fibers, in particular. Besides being a member of various professional societies, he is Editor of International Materials Review (published jointly by ASM International, United States and the Institute of Materials, London) and a member of the Editorial Board of various journals. During 1989-1990, he served as a Program Director for metals and ceramics in the Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, United States. He serves as a consultant to the industry, US national laboratories, and various US federal government agencies. In 1992 he was the recipient of the Eshbach Society Distinguished Visiting Scholar Award from Northwestern University. During the period of June, 1994 through June, 1995 he held the US Dept. of Energy Faculty Fellowship at Oak Ridge National Lab. In 1996 he was given the Distinguished Researcher Award by the New Mexico Tech. In 1997 he was made a Fellow of ASM international. In 2000 he was awarded the Distinguished Alumnus award by Banaras Hindu University. He received the Presidents Award for Excellence in Teaching, University of Alabama at Birmingham in 2006. In 2018 he was awarded the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award.
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