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E-raamat: Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems: Modeling, Control, and Applications

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Mar-2010
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780470551561
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Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems: Modeling, Control, and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Mar-2010
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-IEEE Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780470551561
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Presents Fundamentals of Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Electric Power Converters for Power System Applications

Electronic (static) power conversion has gained widespread acceptance in power systems applications; electronic power converters are increasingly employed for power conversion and conditioning, compensation, and active filtering. This book presents the fundamentals for analysis and control of a specific class of high-power electronic convertersthe three-phase voltage-sourced converter (VSC). Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems provides a necessary and unprecedented link between the principles of operation and the applications of voltage-sourced converters. The book:





Describes various functions that the VSC can perform in electric power systems Covers a wide range of applications of the VSC in electric power systemsincluding wind power conversion systems Adopts a systematic approach to the modeling and control design problems Illustrates the control design procedures and expected performance based on a comprehensive set of examples and digital computer time-domain simulation studies

This comprehensive text presents effective techniques for mathematical modeling and control design, and helps readers understand the procedures and analysis steps. Detailed simulation case studies are included to highlight the salient points and verify the designs.

Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems is an ideal reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students in power engineering programs, practicing engineers who deal with grid integration and operation of distributed energy resource units, design engineers, and researchers in the area of electric power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization.
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms xix
Electronic Power Conversion
1(20)
Introduction
1(1)
Power-Electronic Converters and Converter Systems
1(2)
Applications of Electronic Converters in Power Systems
3(1)
Power-Electronic Switches
4(4)
Switch Classification
5(3)
Switch Characteristics
8(1)
Classification of Converters
8(2)
Classification Based on Commutation Process
8(1)
Classification Based on Terminal Voltage and Current Waveforms
9(1)
Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC)
10(1)
Basic Configurations
10(10)
Multimodule VSC Systems
11(3)
Multilevel VSC Systems
14(6)
Scope of the Book
20(1)
PART I FUNDAMENTALS
21(290)
DC/AC Half-Bridge Converter
23(25)
Introduction
23(1)
Converter Structure
23(2)
Principles of Operation
25(2)
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)
25(1)
Converter Waveforms
26(1)
Converter Switched Model
27(5)
Converter Averaged Model
32(6)
Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter
38(10)
Analysis of Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter: Positive AC-Side Current
38(5)
Analysis of Nonideal Converter: Negative AC-Side Current
43(2)
Averaged Model of Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter
45(3)
Control of Half-Bridge Converter
48(21)
Introduction
48(1)
AC-Side Control Model of Half-Bridge Converter
48(2)
Control of Half-Bridge Converter
50(3)
Feed-Forward Compensation
53(6)
Impact on Start-Up Transient
53(1)
Impact on Dynamic Coupling Between Converter System and AC System
54(3)
Impact on Disturbance Rejection Capability
57(2)
Sinusoidal Command Following
59(10)
Space Phasor and Two-Dimensional Frames
69(46)
Introduction
69(1)
Space-Phasor Representation of a Balanced Three-Phase Function
70(12)
Definition of Space Phasor
70(3)
Chaning the Amplitude and Phase Angle of a Three-phase Signal
73(5)
Generating a Controllable-Amplitude/Controllable-Frequency Three-Phase Signal
78(3)
Space-Phasor Representation of Harmonics
81(1)
Space-Phasor Representation of Three-Phase Systems
82(6)
Decoupled Symmetrical Three-Phase Systems
83(4)
Coupled Symmetrical Three-Phase Systems
87(1)
Asymmetrical Three-Phase Systems
88(1)
Power in Three-Wire Three-Phase Systems
88(3)
αβ-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Signals and Systems
91(10)
αβ-Frame Representation of a Space Phasor
91(3)
Realization of Signal Generators/Conditioners in αβ-Frame
94(1)
Formulation of Power in αβ-Frame
95(1)
Control of αβ-Frame
96(2)
Representation of Systems in αβ-Frame
98(3)
Dq-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Systems
101(14)
Dq-Frame Representation of a Space Phasor
101(4)
Formulation of Power in dq-Frame
105(1)
Control in dq-Frame
105(2)
Representation of Systems in dq-Frame
107(8)
Two-Level, Three-Phase Voltage-Sourced Converter
115(12)
Introduction
115(1)
Two-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter
115(4)
Circuit Structure
115(1)
Principles of Operation
116(2)
Power Loss of Nonideal Two-Level VSC
118(1)
Models and Control of Two-Level VSC
119(6)
Averaged Model of Two-Level VSC
119(2)
Model of Two-Level VSC in αβ-Frame
121(3)
Model and Control of Two-Level VSC in dq-Frame
124(1)
Classification of VSC Systems
125(2)
Three-Level, Three-Phase, Neutral-Point Clamped, Voltage-Sourced Converter
127(33)
Introduction
127(1)
Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC
128(2)
Generating Positive AC-Side Voltages
128(1)
Generating Negative AC-Side Voltages
129(1)
PWM Scheme For Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC
130(3)
Switched Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC
133(2)
Switched AC-Side Terminal Voltage
133(1)
Switched DC-Side Terminal Currents
133(2)
Averaged Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC
135(1)
Averaged AC-Side Terminal Voltage
135(1)
Averaged DC-Side Terminal Currents
135(1)
Three-Level NPC
136(8)
Circuit Structure
136(1)
Principles of Operation
136(2)
Midpoint Current
138(5)
Three-Level NPC with Impressed DC-Side Voltages
143(1)
Three-Level NPC with Capacitive DC-Side Voltage Divider
144(16)
Partial DC-Side Voltage Drift Phenomenon
145(1)
DC-Side Voltage Equalization
146(6)
Derivation of DC-Side Currents
152(1)
Unified Models of Three-Level NPC and Two-Level VSC
153(2)
Impact of DC Capacitors Voltage Ripple on AC-Side Harmonics
155(5)
Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in αβ-Frame
160(44)
Introduction
160(1)
Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System
160(1)
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller
161(20)
Current-Mode Versus Voltage-Mode Control
162(1)
Dynamic Model of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller
163(2)
Current-Mode Control of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller
165(3)
Selection of DC-Bus Voltage Level
168(5)
Trade-Offs and Practical Considerations
173(1)
PWM with Third-Harmonic Injection
174(7)
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC
181(8)
Midpoint Current of Three-level NPC Based on Third-Harmonic Injected PWM
188(1)
Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
189(15)
Model of Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
191(4)
DC-Bus Voltage Control in Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
195(5)
Simplified and Accurate Models
200(4)
Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in dq-Frame
204(41)
Introduction
204(1)
Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System
205(1)
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller
206(11)
Current-Mode Versus Voltage-Mode Control
206(2)
Representation of Space Phasors in dq-Frame
208(1)
Dynamic Model of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller
208(3)
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
211(2)
Compensator Design for PLL
213(4)
Current-Mode Control of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller
217(15)
VSC Current Control
219(5)
Selection of DC-Bus Voltage Level
224(2)
AC-Side Equivalent Circuit
226(5)
PWM with Third-Harmonic Injection
231(1)
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC
232(2)
Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
234(11)
Model of Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
235(2)
Control of Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
237(5)
Simplified and Accurate Models
242(3)
Controlled-Frequency VSC System
245(25)
Introduction
245(1)
Structure of Controlled-Frequency VSC System
246(1)
Model of Controlled-Frequency VSC System
247(6)
Voltage Control
253(17)
Autonomous Operation
262(8)
Variable-Frequency VSC System
270(41)
Introduction
270(1)
Structure of Variable-Frequency VSC System
270(3)
Control of Variable-Frequency VSC System
273(38)
Asynchronous Machine
274(14)
Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine
288(19)
Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine
307(4)
PART II APPLICATIONS
311(102)
Static Compensator (STATCOM)
313(21)
Introduction
313(1)
Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
313(1)
STATCOM Structure
314(1)
Dynamic Model for PCC Voltage Control
315(6)
Large-Signal Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics
315(3)
Small-Signal Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics
318(2)
Steady-State Operating Point
320(1)
Approximate Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics
321(1)
STATCOM Control
322(2)
Compensator Design for PCC Voltage Controller
324(1)
Model Evaluation
324(10)
Back-to-Back HVDC Conversion System
334(51)
Introduction
334(1)
HVDC System Structure
334(2)
HVDC System Model
336(6)
Grid and Interface Transformer Models
336(2)
Back-to-Back Converter System Model
338(4)
HVDC System Control
342(11)
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
342(3)
dq-Frame Current-Control Scheme
345(3)
PWM Gating Signal Generator
348(1)
Partial DC-Side Voltage Equalization
349(1)
Power Flow Control
350(1)
DC-Bus Voltage Regulation
351(2)
HVDC System Performance Under an Asymmetrical Fault
353(32)
PCC Voltage Under an Asymmetrical Fault
354(3)
Performance of PLL Under an Asymmetrical Fault
357(1)
Performance of dq-Frame Current-Control Scheme Under an Asymmetrical Fault
358(2)
Dynamics of DC-Bus Voltage Under an Asymmetrical Fault
360(5)
Generation of Low-Order Harmonics Under an Asymmetrical Fault
365(4)
Steady-State Power-Flow Under an Asymmetrical Fault
369(2)
DC-Bus Voltage Control Under an Asymmetrical Fault
371(14)
Variable-Speed Wind-Power System
385(28)
Introduction
385(1)
Constant-Speed and Variable-Speed Wind-Power Systems
385(3)
Constant-Speed Wind-Power Systems
385(1)
Variable-Speed Wind-Power Systems
386(2)
Wind Turbine Characteristics
388(2)
Maximum Power Extraction from A Variable-Speed Wind-Power System
390(3)
Variable-Speed Wind-Power System Based on Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine
393(20)
Structure of the Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine-Based Wind-Power System
393(2)
Machine Torque Control by Variable-Frequency VSC System
395(2)
DC-Bus Voltage Regulation by Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
397(4)
Compensator Design for Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port
401(12)
APPENDIX A: Space-Phasor Representation of Symmetrical Three-Phase Electric Machines
413(13)
Introduction
413(1)
Structure of Symmetrical Three-Phase Machine
413(1)
Machine Electrical Model
414(4)
Terminal Voltage/Current Equations
415(1)
Stator Flux Space Phasor
415(2)
Rotor Flux Space Phasor
417(1)
Machine Electrical Torque
418(1)
Machine Equivalent Circuit
418(3)
Machine Dynamic Equivalent Circuit
418(2)
Machine Steady-State Equivalent Circuit
420(1)
Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)
421(5)
PMSM Electrical Model
421(3)
PMSM Steady-State Equivalent Circuit
424(2)
APPENDIX B: Per-Unit Values for VSC Systems
426(5)
Introduction
426(5)
Base Values for AC-Side Quantities
426(1)
Base Values for DC-Side Quantities
426(5)
References 431(8)
Index 439
Amirnaser Yazdani, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Western Ontario. Formerly, he was with Digital Predictive Systems (DPS) Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, active in the design and production of power converters for wind energy systems. Dr. Yazdani has more than ten years of industry experience in the design, modeling, and analysis of switching power converters and railway signaling systems. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada. Reza Iravani, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto. Dr. Iravani is a Fellow of the IEEE and a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada.
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