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E-raamat: Water Resources in the Built Environment: Management Issues and Solutions

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Edited by (Associate Professor of Sustainability, Associate Head of Research and Scholarship and Director of the Construction and Property Research Centre at the University of the West of England, Bristol), Edited by
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Mar-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118809099
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Water Resources in the Built Environment: Management Issues and SolutionsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Mar-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118809099
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Water management is a key environmental issue in controlling of floods and reducing droughts. This book provides analysis of the main issues, offering solutions and describing good practice.

Water Resources for the Built Environment: management issues and solutions develops an appreciation of the diverse, complex and current themes of the water resources debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. The integration of physical and environmental sciences, combined with social, economic and political sciences, provide a unique resource, useful to policy experts, scientists, engineers and subject enthusiasts. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, water resources issues and impacts on the built environment are presented in the inventive and strategic setting of considering the constraints of delivering potable water to an ever-demanding society who, at the same time, are increasingly aware of living in an urban landscape where excessive surface water creates a flood threatened environment hence, the need to portray a balance between too little vs. too much.

This unique approach to the water resources debate presents a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of water shortage and urban flooding and proffers solutions specifically for the built environment.

The book is structured into three parts: the first part (Sections 2, 3 and 4) addresses management issues and solutions to minimise water shortages and provide water security for society; whilst the second part of the book (Sections 5 and 6) addresses management issues and solutions to control excessive rainfall and minimise flooding impacts. The third part (Section 7) contextualises the issues of the earlier sections within international case studies from the developing world.
Contributors xv
About the Editors xviii
Section 1 Introduction to the Book
1(8)
Chapter 1 Water Resources: Balancing too Little Versus too Much
3(6)
Colin A. Booth
Susanne M. Charlesworth
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Too Little Versus too Much
3(3)
1.3 Structure of the Book
6(1)
1.4 Conclusions
7(2)
References
7(2)
Section 2 Water Demand, Policy and Cost
9(36)
Chapter 2 Meeting Demand: Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation
11(12)
Sharron McEldowney
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Legislative and Regulatory Framework for Managing the Water Resources
12(6)
2.3 Water Management and Conservation for the Future
18(2)
2.4 Conclusions
20(3)
References
20(3)
Chapter 3 Water Privatisation and Regulation: The UK Experience
23(10)
John McEldowney
3.1 Introduction
23(1)
3.2 The First Country to Fully Privatise its Water and Sewerage Business
24(1)
3.3 Water Privatisation and Structure
25(2)
3.4 The Water Industry and the Domestic Market
27(1)
3.5 The Water Industry and the Market for Business Customers
28(2)
3.6 Conclusions
30(3)
References
31(2)
Chapter 4 Urban Water Economics
33(12)
Graham Squires
4.1 Introduction
33(1)
4.2 Externalities
33(1)
4.3 Pollution Control (of Water Resources at a Market or Zero Price)
34(3)
4.4 Natural Resource Economics and Water
37(1)
4.5 Resource Valuation and Measurement
38(4)
4.6 International Issues and Development in Water
42(1)
4.7 Conclusions
43(2)
References
43(2)
Section 3 Water Infrastructure and Supply
45(76)
Chapter 5 Impacts and Issues of Dams and Reservoirs
47(14)
Kim Tannahill
Peter Mills
Colin A. Booth
5.1 Introduction
47(1)
5.2 Building Dams
48(1)
5.3 Historical and Global Context
49(2)
5.4 Environmental Impact
51(1)
5.5 Socioeconomic Impact
52(1)
5.6 Socioeconomic Impacts of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project
52(1)
5.7 Socioeconomic Impacts of the Manwan Dam, Upper Mekong River, China
53(1)
5.8 Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of the Three Gorges Dam, China
54(1)
5.9 Dam Risks: Incidents and Failures
55(2)
5.10 Insights into the UNEP Dams Project
57(2)
5.11 Conclusions
59(2)
References
59(2)
Chapter 6 Powering the Water Industry
61(16)
Jay Millington
6.1 Introduction
61(1)
6.2 Conventional Approach
61(2)
6.3 Hydropower
63(5)
6.4 Micro and Small Hydros
68(4)
6.5 Other Factors
72(2)
6.6 Conclusions
74(3)
Acknowledgements
74(1)
References
75(2)
Chapter 7 Water Quality and Treatment
77(15)
J. Bryan Ellis
7.1 Introduction
77(1)
7.2 Water Quality
78(6)
7.3 Drinking Water Safety Plans
84(2)
7.4 Urban Growth and Water Demand
86(3)
7.5 Conclusions
89(3)
References
89(3)
Chapter 8 Desalination
92(12)
Augustine Ifelebuegu
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Colin A. Booth
8.1 Introduction
92(1)
8.2 Desalination Technologies
93(1)
8.3 Developing Technologies
94(1)
8.4 Economics of Desalination
94(3)
8.5 Small and Domestic Scale Desalination Plants
97(1)
8.6 Environmental Impacts
98(1)
8.7 Renewable Energy Sources and Desalination
99(1)
8.8 The Future of Desalination and Sustainable Water Supplies
99(1)
8.9 Case Study: The Thames Water Desalination Plant
100(1)
8.10 Conclusions
101(3)
References
101(3)
Chapter 9 Delivering and Designing for Potable Water in Buildings
104(17)
Phil Harris
9.1 Introduction
104(1)
9.2 Regulating Water Supply
105(1)
9.3 Water Supply to Domestic Low-Rise Buildings
106(4)
9.4 Water Supply to Medium and High-Rise Buildings (or Those with Insufficient Mains Pressure)
110(3)
9.5 Pipe Sizing and Flow Rate Design in Buildings
113(3)
9.6 Pipework Maintenance Issues
116(2)
9.7 Future Issues
118(3)
References
119(2)
Section 4 Water Conservation Strategies
121(76)
Chapter 10 Water Neutrality -- An Overview
123(12)
Victoria Ashton
10.1 Introduction
123(1)
10.2 Defining Water Neutrality
124(2)
10.3 Strategies for Water Neutrality Implementation
126(5)
10.4 Funding Mechanisms
131(2)
10.5 Conclusions
133(2)
References
134(1)
Chapter 11 Building Regulations for Water Conservation
135(16)
Sean Churchill
Colin A. Booth
Susanne M. Charlesworth
11.1 Introduction
135(1)
11.2 What are the Building Regulations?
136(1)
11.3 Background to the Changes in Approved Document G
137(2)
11.4 Changes to Approved Document G and the Water Calculator for New Dwellings
139(4)
11.5 Rainwater and Greywater Recycling
143(1)
11.6 Case Study: Calculating Water Usage
144(3)
11.7 Other Household Water Conservation Measures
147(1)
11.8 Conclusions
148(3)
References
149(2)
Chapter 12 Rainwater Harvesting -- Reaping a Free and Plentiful Supply of Water
151(14)
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Colin A. Booth
Frank Warwick
Craig Lash ford
Omolara O. Lade
12.1 Introduction
151(1)
12.2 What is Rainwater Harvesting?
152(1)
12.3 Policy
153(1)
12.4 Rainwater Harvesting Design
154(2)
12.5 Water Quality
156(2)
12.6 Water Quantity
158(1)
12.7 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Whole Life Costs
159(1)
12.8 Case Studies
160(1)
12.9 Conclusions
161(4)
References
162(3)
Chapter 13 Greywater Harvesting -- Reusing, Recycling and Saving Household Water
165(15)
Emma Hatfield
Colin A. Booth
Susanne M. Charlesworth
13.1 Introduction
165(1)
13.2 Insights into Greywater Harvesting
166(1)
13.3 The Potential for Using Greywater Harvesting Systems
167(4)
13.4 Case Studies in the United Kingdom
171(4)
13.5 The Future of Greywater Harvesting
175(1)
13.6 Conclusions
176(4)
References
177(3)
Chapter 14 Inland Waterway Systems -- A Solution to Drought and Flooding Issues
180(17)
Carly B. Rose
Luke Walker
14.1 Introduction
180(1)
14.2 The Past
180(2)
14.3 The Present -- Canals in the 20th Century
182(3)
14.4 Sourcing and Conserving Water Supplies
185(5)
14.5 A Climate Resilient Future
190(1)
14.6 Conclusions
191(6)
References
192(5)
Section 5 Flooding Responses and Reinstatement
197(84)
Chapter 15 Urban Precipitation: Measurements, Monitoring and Processes
199(12)
Omolara O. Lade
Michael A. Fullen
David Oloke
Madhu Subedi
Colin A. Booth
15.1 Introduction
199(1)
15.2 Types of Precipitation
200(1)
15.3 Urban Climate and Potential Impacts
200(1)
15.4 Urban Irrigation
201(1)
15.5 Urban Effects on Rainfall Variability
202(1)
15.6 Precipitation Variability in Thunderstorms
203(1)
15.7 Measuring Precipitation
204(1)
15.8 Spatial and Temporal Precipitation Monitoring
205(1)
15.9 Case Study of Small-Scale Variability: Spatial Variability in Precipitation within the Hilton Experimental Site, Shropshire, UK
206(1)
15.10 Conclusions
207(4)
References
207(4)
Chapter 16 Urbanisation and Stormwater
211(12)
John W. Davies
Susanne M. Charlesworth
16.1 Introduction
211(1)
16.2 Urbanisation and Flood Risk
211(1)
16.3 Urban Drainage Systems
212(3)
16.4 Problems with Drainage Systems
215(1)
16.5 Sewer Flooding
215(1)
16.6 Drainage System Capacity
216(3)
16.7 Increasing or Decreasing Impermeable Surfaces
219(1)
16.8 Storage
219(1)
16.9 Stormwater Quality
220(1)
16.10 Conclusions
221(2)
References
222(1)
Chapter 17 River Flood Defences
223(10)
Carly B. Rose
17.1 Introduction
223(1)
17.2 The Historical Context
224(5)
17.3 The Future
229(1)
17.4 Conclusions
229(4)
References
230(3)
Chapter 18 Coastal Flood Defences -- Strategies for Protection in the United Kingdom
233(16)
Trevor Goodhew
18.1 Introduction
233(1)
18.2 Holding Back the Sea
233(2)
18.3 The Nature and Complexity of the Coastal Processes
235(2)
18.4 Coastal Flood Defences
237(2)
18.5 The Strategy of Managed Retreat
239(2)
18.6 Flooding Challenges from Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise
241(3)
18.7 Changing Populations, Land Management and Development
244(1)
18.8 Important National Infrastructure
245(1)
18.9 Proportionate Risk-Based Approaches to Flood Risk Management
245(1)
18.10 Beneficiaries Should be Encouraged to Invest in Risk Management
246(1)
18.11 A View to the Future -- Strategies Requiring Innovations and New Solutions
246(1)
18.12 Conclusions
247(2)
References
247(2)
Chapter 19 The Costs of Flooding on Households
249(9)
Rotimi Joseph
David G. Proverbs
Jessica E. Lamond
Peter Wassell
19.1 Introduction
249(1)
19.2 Economic Costs of Flooding
250(1)
19.3 Financial Costs of Flooding
251(4)
19.4 Conclusions
255(3)
References
256(2)
Chapter 20 The Role of Market-Based Flood Insurance in Maintaining Communities at Risk of Flooding: A SWOT Analysis
258(13)
Jessica E. Lamond
20.1 Introduction
258(3)
20.2 Strengths
261(3)
20.3 Weaknesses
264(2)
20.4 Threats
266(1)
20.5 Opportunities
267(1)
20.6 Conclusions
268(3)
References
269(2)
Chapter 21 Holistic Property-Level Flood Protection
271(10)
David W. Beddoes
Colin A. Booth
21.1 Introduction
271(1)
21.2 Flood Resistance
272(1)
21.3 Flood Resilience
273(1)
21.4 Current Situation Facing Homeowners
274(1)
21.5 Holistic Solutions
275(3)
21.6 Conclusions
278(3)
References
278(3)
Section 6 Flood Solutions in the Urban Landscape
281(90)
Chapter 22 Sustainable Drainage Systems -- Features and Designs
283(19)
Simon Watkins
Susanne M. Charlesworth
22.1 Introduction
283(1)
22.2 Water and Landscape -- One and Indivisible
283(17)
22.3 Conclusions
300(2)
References
301(1)
Acknowledgements
301(1)
Chapter 23 Drainage Benefits of Porous, Permeable and Pervious Paving
302(17)
Miklas Scholz
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Steve J. Coupe
23.1 Introduction
302(1)
23.2 Rethinking Stormwater Drainage
302(1)
23.3 Porous, Permeable and Pervious Pavement Systems
303(1)
23.4 Porous Pavements
304(1)
23.5 Cost Implications of Utilising PPS
305(1)
23.6 Design Considerations
305(2)
23.7 Infiltration through PPSs
307(1)
23.8 Maintenance to Enhance Infiltration
307(1)
23.9 Water Quality Improvements
308(2)
23.10 Biodegradation of Pollutants by Microorganisms
310(1)
23.11 Directions of Further Investigation
311(3)
23.12 Conclusions
314(5)
References
314(5)
Chapter 24 Multiple Benefits of Green Infrastructure
319(17)
Rebecca Wade
Neil McLean
24.1 Introduction
319(1)
24.2 What is Green Infrastructure?
320(2)
24.3 Benefits of Green Infrastructure
322(8)
24.4 Barriers to Implementation of GI
330(2)
24.5 The Value of GI
332(1)
24.6 Conclusions
332(4)
References
333(3)
Chapter 25 Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Management
336(14)
Kate V. Heal
25.1 Introduction
336(1)
25.2 Treatment Processes in Constructed Wetlands
337(1)
25.3 Different Types and Deployment of Constructed Wetlands and Reedbeds
338(3)
25.4 Performance of Constructed Wastelands for Wastewater Management
341(2)
25.5 Design Considerations for Constructed Wetlands
343(2)
25.6 Construction and Maintenance Considerations for Constructed Wetlands
345(2)
25.7 Costs of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Management
347(1)
25.8 Conclusions
348(2)
References
348(2)
Chapter 26 Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure and Design
350(21)
Joseph Akunna
Joanne Bartie
26.1 Introduction
350(1)
26.2 Wastewater Treatment Technologies
351(12)
26.3 Factors Affecting Investment in UK Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure
363(5)
26.4 Conclusions
368(3)
References
369(1)
Websites
370(1)
Section 7 International Case Studies
371(30)
Chapter 27 An Overview of Management Issues in Developing a Sustainable Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Delivery in Nigeria
373(16)
David Oloke
Dayo Olugboye
27.1 Introduction
373(1)
27.2 Background on WASH Development
374(2)
27.3 Situation of WASH in Nigeria
376(1)
27.4 Sanitation and Hygiene
377(2)
27.5 New Approach to Rural Sanitation
379(1)
27.6 The Sanitation Ladder Concept
379(1)
27.7 Management and Sustainability of WASH facilities
380(2)
27.8 Rural WASH in Nigeria
382(3)
27.9 Conclusions
385(4)
References
386(3)
Chapter 28 Balancing Flood Risk and Water Scarcity of the Asian Delta Regions
389(12)
Jessica E. Lamond
28.1 Introduction
389(1)
28.2 Characteristics of Flooding in Asia
390(2)
28.3 Approaches to Risk Reduction
392(3)
28.4 Flood and Water Management in the Delta City of Jakarta, Indonesia
395(3)
28.5 Conclusions
398(3)
References
399(2)
Section 8 Summary of the Book
401(6)
Chapter 29 Water Resources Challenges -- Penury and Peace
403(4)
Susanne M. Charlesworth
Colin A. Booth
29.1 Introduction
403(1)
29.2 Insights Gathered from the
Chapters of this Book
404(1)
29.3 Dialogue on International Water Resources Challenges
404(2)
29.4 Conclusions
406(1)
References
406(1)
Index 407
Colin  Booth is Associate Professor of Sustainability, Associate Head of Research and Scholarship and Director of the Construction and Property Research Centre at the University of the West of England, Bristol.

Susanne Charlesworth is a Reader in Urban Physical Geography at Coventry University in the Department of Geography, Environment and Disaster Management. She is Director of a Sustainable Drainage (SUDS) Applied Research Group at Coventry University. Both editors are proficient academics with extensive research publishing backgrounds and experience of working with industrial and research networks related to key players from the water industries and their chapter authors have been selected from these networks.
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