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E-raamat: Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

Edited by (Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine; Universiti Sains Malaysia), Edited by (JECRC University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India), Edited by (JECRC University, India), Edited by (JECRC University, Jaipur, India), Edited by (Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China)
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WEARABLE AND NEURONIC ANTENNAS FOR MEDICAL AND WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

This new volume in this exciting new series, written and edited by a group of international experts in the field, covers the latest advances and challenges in wearable and neuronic antennas for medical and wireless applications.

Antenna development and engineering is changing at a rapid pace, and it is incredibly important that engineers, scientists, and students in the field have a valuable reference work to consult. Students are able to use this book as a learning tool, and professors and industrial short courses are able to use it as a textbook. Covering all of the advances and developments of wearable and neuronic antennas for medical and wireless applications, this outstanding new volume offers information not available anywhere else in any other format.

Covering new research and development of antenna designs never seen before, this volume, written and edited by a team of experts in the field, breaks new ground, offering new solutions to engineering and scientific problems to experts in the field, while providing the full theoretical and conceptual background for the practical applications. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.

Preface xi
1 Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G 1(10)
Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf
Muhammad Moinuddin
Syed Saad Azhar Ali
Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi
Muhammad Faisal
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Related Literature Review
2(1)
1.3 System Model
3(2)
1.4 Existing Methods for Equalization in FBMC
5(1)
1.4.1 One-Tap Zero Forcing Equalizer
5(1)
1.4.2 MMSE Block Equalizer
5(1)
1.5 Proposed Machine Learning-Based FBMC Equalizer
6(1)
1.6 Results and Discussion
6(1)
1.7 Summary
7(1)
References
8(3)
2 Implantable Cardio Technologies: A Review of Integrated Low Noise Amplifiers 11(26)
P. Vijaya Lakshmi
Sarada Musala
Avireni Srinivasulu
2.1 Introduction
12(1)
2.2 Background on Low Noise Amplifiers
13(17)
2.2.1 ECG Signal Characteristics
13(1)
2.2.2 General ECG Readout Amplifier System Architecture and Design Considerations
14(2)
2.2.3 Low Noise Amplifier Circuit Design
16(2)
2.2.4 Operational Transconductance Amplifier Circuits Used in LNA Design
18(12)
2.2.4.1 Typical Telescopic Cascode Amplifier
20(1)
2.2.4.2 Complementary Input Closed Loop Amplifier
21(1)
2.2.4.3 Fully Differential Current Reuse OTA
22(1)
2.2.4.4 Fully Reconfigurable OTA Using Floating Gate Transistors
23(1)
2.2.4.5 Low Noise OTA with Output Boosting Technique
24(1)
2.2.4.6 Low Noise Low Power OTA
25(1)
2.2.4.7 Cross Coupled Load Current Reuse OTA
26(1)
2.2.4.8 Fully Differential Stacked OTA
27(3)
2.3 Applications of Low Noise Amplifiers
30(1)
2.3.1 For Implantable Bio-Sensors
30(1)
2.3.2 For Measuring and Recording ECG Signal
31(1)
2.4 Conclusion
31(1)
References
31(6)
3 Detecting COVID-19 Through Lung X-Ray Imaging: An Alternative Using Modified CNN Architecture 37(20)
Ahan Chatterjee
Sovik Mukherjee
3.1 Introduction
38(1)
3.2 Literature Review
39(1)
3.3 Proposed Methodology
40(12)
3.3.1 Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
40(4)
3.3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
44(5)
3.3.2.1 General Model of CNN
44(1)
3.3.2.2 Convolutional Network
45(1)
3.3.2.3 Pooling Layer
46(1)
3.3.2.4 Fully Connected Layer
46(1)
3.3.2.5 Activation Function
46(1)
3.3.2.6 Calculation of Gradient Descent in CNN Architecture
47(2)
3.3.3 Proposed Algorithm
49(2)
3.3.4 Model Architecture
51(1)
3.4 Results
52(2)
3.5 Conclusion
54(1)
References
55(2)
4 Wireless Body Area Network Antenna 57(28)
Inderpreet Kaur
Hari Kumar Singh
Tejasvini Thakral
4.1 Introduction
58(12)
4.1.1 On Body WBANs
59(2)
4.1.2 In Body WBANs
61(1)
4.1.3 Non-Medical Applications for WBAN
62(1)
4.1.4 Principle of Operation
63(4)
4.1.4.1 Transmitter
64(1)
4.1.4.2 Receiver
65(2)
4.1.5 Design Aspects of WBANs
67(1)
4.1.6 Hardware Requirements
68(2)
4.2 Literature Review
70(8)
4.3 Proposed Work
78(2)
4.3.1 Geometry of Antenna
78(1)
4.3.2 Parametric Analysis
79(7)
4.3.2.1 Effect of Radius of Vias
79(1)
4.3.2.2 Effect of Length of Feed
80(1)
4.3.2.3 Effect of Length of Conductive Portion of Ground
80(1)
4.4 Result
80(1)
4.5 Conclusion
81(1)
References
82(3)
5 Analysis of RF-DC Rectifier Input Impedance for the Appropriate Design of Matching Network for Wireless RF Energy Harvesters 85(20)
Kamini Singh
Sanjeev Yadav
J.K. Deegwal
M.M. Sharma
5.1 Introduction
86(2)
5.1.1 Need and Advantages of Energy Harvesters
86(1)
5.1.2 RF Energy Sources
87(1)
5.2 RF Energy Harvesting Processing Block
88(2)
5.3 Matching Network & RF-DC Rectifier
90(3)
5.4 Study of Input Impedance of Rectifier
93(8)
5.5 Conclusion
101(1)
Acknowledgment
101(1)
References
101(4)
6 Secured Schemes for RF Energy Harvesting Mobile Computing Networks with Multiple Antennas Based on NOMA and Access Points Selection 105(32)
Van-Truong Truong
Anand Nayyar
Dac-Binh Ha
6.1 Introduction
106(2)
6.2 System and Channel Models
108(9)
6.3 Performance Analysis and Optimization
117(7)
6.3.1 Performance Analysis
117(4)
6.3.2 Optimization
121(3)
6.4 Numerical Results and Discussion
124(4)
6.5 Conclusion
128(1)
Appendix A
129(4)
References
133(4)
7 Performance and Stability Analysis of CNTFET SRAM Cell Topologies for Ultra-Low Power Applications 137(26)
Hemant Kumar
Subodh Srivastava
Balwinder Singh
7.1 Introduction
138(1)
7.2 CNTFET Based SRAM Memory Cell
139(3)
7.3 Simulation Results and Comparative Performance Analysis
142(10)
7.4 Stability Analysis of Proposed SRAM Cells
152(6)
7.5 Conclusion
158(1)
References
159(4)
8 Arrow Shaped Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for ISM Applications 163(16)
Mehaboob Mujawar
8.1 Introduction
163(4)
8.2 Antenna Design
167(3)
8.3 Results
170(3)
8.4 Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
173(2)
8.5 Conclusion
175(1)
References
175(4)
9 Edge-Fed Semicircular Antenna Enabled With Pins and Slots for Wireless Applications 179(12)
Mohd Gulman Siddiqui
Anurag Mishra
9.1 Introduction
179(1)
9.2 Configuration of Proposed Antenna
180(6)
9.2.1 Analysis of Notch Loading Antenna
183(1)
9.2.2 Analysis of Slots in Antenna
184(2)
9.3 Specifications
186(1)
9.4 Result and Discussions
186(3)
9.5 Conclusion
189(1)
References
189(2)
10 A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Application 191(12)
Suraj Kumar
Arun Kumar
Manoj Gupta
Kanchan Sengar
Mohit Kumar Sharma
Manisha Gupta
10.1 Introduction
192(3)
10.2 Antenna Design
195(2)
10.3 Simulation Results
197(1)
10.4 Conclusion
198(1)
References
199(4)
11 Waveform Optimization in Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G Technology 203(14)
Muhammad Moinuddin
Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf
Jawwad Ahmed
11.1 Introduction
204(1)
11.2 Related Literature Review
204(1)
11.3 System Model: OFDM System
205(2)
11.4 POPS: A Popular Existing Method for OFDM Waveform Optimization
207(2)
11.5 Proposed Method for the Waveform Optimization in OFDM Systems
209(3)
11.6 Results and Discussion
212(1)
11.7 Summary
212(1)
References
213(4)
12 Wearable Antennas for Biomedical Applications 217(32)
Ajay Kumar Singh Yadav
Mamta Devi Sharma
Namrata Saxena
Ritu Sharma
12.1 Introduction
218(1)
12.2 Need of Wearable Antennas
219(1)
12.3 Design Considerations for Wearable Antenna
220(3)
12.4 Materials for Wearable Antenna
223(6)
12.4.1 Fabric Materials
223(2)
12.4.2 Non Fabric Materials
225(4)
12.5 Fabrication Methods for Wearable Antenna
229(5)
12.5.1 Stitching and Embroidery
229(2)
12.5.2 Screen Printing
231(1)
12.5.3 Inkjet Printing
231(1)
12.5.4 Chemical Etching
232(2)
12.6 Measurements for Wearable Antenna
234(2)
12.6.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
234(1)
12.6.2 Performance on Human Body
235(1)
12.6.3 The Bending and Crumpling Effects
236(1)
12.7 Frequency Bands for Wearable Antenna
236(2)
12.8 Applications of Wearable Antenna in Biomedical
238(3)
12.9 Conclusion
241(1)
References
241(8)
13 Received Power Based Jammer Localization Using Unscented Kalman Filtering 249(10)
Waleed Aldosari
Muhammad Moinuddin
AbdulahJeza Aljohani
Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf
13.1 Introduction
250(1)
13.2 Related Work
251(1)
13.3 System Model
252(3)
13.3.1 Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)
253(2)
13.4 Simulation and Results
255(2)
13.5 Summary
257(1)
References
257(2)
Index 259
Arun Kumar, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and Communications at JECRC University, Jaipur, India, having earned his PhD from JECRC University in 2016. He received a SOHA Excellency award from the Society of Hydraulics and Automation Ltd. and is a Bentham ambassador, both in India. He is a member of IEEE and has published more than 42 research papers in scientific and technical journals. He holds one patent and is currently working in 5G waveform techniques, peak power reduction techniques, wearable antennas, and spectrum sensing.

Manoj Gupta, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JECRC University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. He earned his doctorate from the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. He has over fifteen years of teaching experience and has published many research papers in scientific journals and conferences. He has contributed numerous book chapters to edited volumes and has four patents to his credit. He is the Editor in Chief of the book series Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering, from Scrivener Publishing, and he is editor in chief of a book series by another publisher. He has spoken at and been involved in numerous scientific conferences and was the keynote speaker at the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing and at the 2017 International Conferences on Public Health and Medical Sciences in Xian, China. He is an editor, associate editor, and reviewer for many international technical journals and has received numerous awards.

Mahmoud A. Albreem, PhD, received his BEng degree in electrical engineering from the Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine, in 2008, and his MSc and PhD degrees from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, in 2010 and 2013, respectively. From 2014 to 2016, he was a senior lecturer at the University Malaysia Perlis. He is currently an assistant professor and the Head of Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, ASharqiyah University, Oman. He is also a visiting assistant professor with the Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. His research interest includes signal processing for communication systems and information theory, and he was a recipient of the Nokia Foundation Centennial Grant in 2018.

Dac-Binh Ha, PhD, received his BS degree in radio techniques, and his MSc and PhD degrees in communication and information systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, in China, in 1997, 2006, and 2009, respectively. He is currently the Dean of Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. He has over ten years of industry and academic experience, and he was the recipient of the Best Paper Award at the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Management and Telecommunications. He has published numerous papers in scientific and technical journals and is principal investigator of two projects supported by Vietnams National Foundation for Science and Technology Development.

Mohit Kumar Sharma is an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering while he is pursuing his PhD in 5G communication from JECRC University in India. He is a postgraduate from Malviya National Institute (MNIT) Jaipur in VLSI Design and graduated from university of Rajasthan in electronics & communication engineering, in 2004. He has published numerous papers in related scientific and technical journals.