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E-raamat: Web Social Science: Concepts, Data and Tools for Social Scientists in the Digital Age

  • Formaat: 224 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jun-2013
  • Kirjastus: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781446283110
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formaat: 224 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jun-2013
  • Kirjastus: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781446283110

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Although written simply enough to be accessible to undergraduates, accomplished scholars are likely to appreciate it too. Reading it taught me quite a lot about a subject I thought I knew rather well. - Paul Vogt, Illinois State University

"This book brings the art and science of building and applying innovative online research tools to students and faculty across the social sciences." - William H. Dutton, University of Oxford

A comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of web Social Science. This book demonstrates how the web is being used to collect social research data, such as online surveys and interviews, as well as digital trace data from social media environments, such as Facebook and Twitter. It also illuminates how the advent of the web has led to traditional social science concepts and approaches being combined with those from other scientific disciplines, leading to new insights into social, political and economic behaviour. Situating social sciences in the digital age, this book aids:





understanding of the fundamental changes to society, politics and the economy that have resulted from the advent of the web choice of appropriate data, tools and research methods for conducting research using web data learning how web data are providing new insights into long-standing social science research questions appreciation of how social science can facilitate an understanding of life in the digital age

It is ideal for students and researchers across the social sciences, as well as those from information science, computer science and engineering who want to learn about how social scientists are thinking about and researching the web.

Arvustused

Acklands Web Social Science is unique in being specifically designed for social science researchers. Although written simply enough to be accessible to undergraduates, accomplished scholars are likely to appreciate it too. Reading it taught me quite a lot about a subject I thought I knew rather well. -- Paul Vogt A rare and timely entry to the growing body of quantitative Internet research. While most other works on the topic are written by and for scientists, this book represents a social science approach that is more accessible and applicable, with more attention to preparation, processing and interpretation of real-world data. Though primarily for readers in social science, business studies, policy analysts, and alike, the book blends traditional social science and emerging web science into a unique handbook of Internet research. -- Jonathan J. H. Zhu Brings the art and science of building and applying innovative online research tools to students and faculty across the social sciences. -- William H. Dutton Provides excellent chapters on how to study the Web from a social science research perspective. Although there are many books on theorizing the Internet and the Web, few tackle hands-on research issues. This two-part book (divided into a methods section and example studies) covers a wide range of research designs, tools and data types from many different social science perspectives (psychology, sociology, media studies, political studies and network science among others). Highly recommended for social science studies that want to use the Web to study social phenomena (the Web as a tool) and media studies that focus on the Web itself as a research object. -- Maurice Vergeer This book combines the technical terms with the social science perspective and some important topics in daily life related to private life, organisational, political and economic activities. It is appropriate for scientists and students in different areas social, engineering, economic every area that uses web for informing, promoting, exerting social influence and conducting studies. -- Stanislava Yordanova Stoyanova The benefit-and the challenge- of this ambitious volume is that the author considers not only how web data are providing new insights into existing social science research questions, but also how social science can contribute to an understanding of life in the digital era...Overall, Ackland has much to offer researchers seeking to conduct Web social science research: in both the methods section and a section composed of concrete, useful examples, he examines varied research designs, tools and data types from diverse social science perspectives. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students and research/faculty. -- A.I. Piper As a relative novice to web-based social research, I have been searching for a book that explains the concepts and different methodologies in accessible language; gives examples demonstrating the practical application of web methods; and does not neglect academic rigour and ethics. This one ticks all those boxesAcklands book is comprehensive and, despite the technical topic, easy to read and understand. The book is particularly valuable for those new to web social science, while it will serve as a handy reference for those with experience in the field. -- Christine Bertram, research fellow at the Institute for Employment Studies An innovative book that is helpful for understanding new research questions on the impact of online networks and Internet use. This book can easily convince the reader of the importance of Internet-related research topics [ and] it is a textbook that all students in social sciences would be able to read. -- Thierry Penard

List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
x
List of Boxes
xi
About the Author xii
Preface xiii
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 The web: technology, history and governance
1(4)
1.2 Examples of online computer-mediated interaction
5(2)
1.3 Cyberspace, virtual communities and online social networks
7(6)
1.3.1 Cyberspace
8(2)
1.3.2 Virtual communities
10(2)
1.3.3 Online social networks
12(1)
1.4 Disciplinary approaches to researching the web
13(3)
1.5 Construct validity of web data
16(1)
1.6 Shaping force or social tool?
16(1)
1.7 Conclusion
17(2)
I WEB SOCIAL SCIENCE METHODS
19(76)
2 Online research methods
21(27)
2.1 Dimensions and modes of online research
21(4)
2.2 Online surveys
25(6)
2.2.1 Sampling: basics
26(1)
2.2.2 Types of Internet surveys
27(1)
2.2.3 Online surveys: process and ethics
28(1)
2.2.4 Online survey example: election studies and election polls
29(1)
2.2.5 Other issues
30(1)
2.3 Online interviews and focus groups
31(4)
2.3.1 Types of online interviews
31(1)
2.3.2 Online interviews: process and ethics
32(1)
2.3.3 Online focus groups
33(1)
2.3.4 Other issues
34(1)
2.4 Web content analysis
35(5)
2.4.1 Quantitative web content analysis
35(3)
2.4.2 Qualitative web content analysis
38(2)
2.4.3 Web content used in data preparation
40(1)
2.5 Social media network analysis
40(1)
2.6 Online experiments
40(1)
2.6.1 Online laboratory experiments
40(1)
2.6.2 Online field experiments
41(1)
2.6.3 Online natural experiments
41(1)
2.7 Online field research
41(2)
2.8 Digital trace data: ethics
43(3)
2.9 Conclusion
46(2)
3 Social media networks
48(30)
3.1 Social networks: concepts and definitions
48(7)
3.1.1 An example school friendship network
51(4)
3.2 Social network analysis
55(6)
3.2.1 Social relations and social networks
55(3)
3.2.2 Statistical analysis of social networks
58(3)
3.3 Social media networks
61(12)
3.3.1 Representing online interactions as interpersonal networks
61(4)
3.3.2 Threaded conversations
65(4)
3.3.3 Social network sites
69(3)
3.3.4 Microblogs
72(1)
3.4 Social networks, information networks and communication networks
73(2)
3.4.1 Flows of information and attention
74(1)
3.5 SNA metrics for the example school friendship network (advanced)
75(2)
3.5.1 Node-level SNA metrics
75(1)
3.5.2 Network-level SNA metrics
76(1)
3.6 Conclusion
77(1)
4 Hyperlink networks
78(17)
4.1 Hyperlink networks: background
78(4)
4.1.1 Motives for sending, and benefits of receiving, hyperlinks
79(1)
4.1.2 Hyperlink network nodes, ties and boundaries
80(2)
4.2 Three disciplinary perspectives on hyperlink networks
82(4)
4.2.1 Citation hyperlink networks
82(1)
4.2.2 Issue hyperlink networks
83(1)
4.2.3 Social hyperlink networks
83(1)
4.2.4 Comparing the disciplinary perspectives
84(2)
4.3 Tools for hyperlink network research
86(8)
4.3.1 Web crawlers
86(5)
4.3.2 Historical web data
91(1)
4.3.3 Blogs
92(2)
4.4 Conclusion
94(1)
II WEB SOCIAL SCIENCE EXAMPLES
95(80)
5 Friendship formation and social influence
97(14)
5.1 Homophily in friendship formation
97(6)
5.1.1 Measurement issues
97(2)
5.1.2 Friendship formation in Facebook
99(2)
5.1.3 Online dating
101(2)
5.2 Social influence
103(7)
5.2.1 Identifying social influence
103(2)
5.2.2 Social influence in social media
105(5)
5.3 Conclusion
110(1)
6 Organisational collective behaviour
111(8)
6.1 Collective behaviour on the web: background
111(2)
6.2 Collective action and public goods
113(1)
6.2.1 Hyperlink networks as information public goods
113(1)
6.3 Networked social movements
114(4)
6.4 Conclusion
118(1)
7 Politics and participation
119(19)
7.1 Visibility of political information
119(4)
7.1.1 Power laws and politics online
119(4)
7.2 Social and political engagement
123(6)
7.2.1 Web use and social capital
123(4)
7.2.2 Political engagement
127(2)
7.3 Political homophily
129(3)
7.3.1 Divided they blog
130(2)
7.4 An introduction to power laws (advanced)
132(4)
7.5 Conclusion
136(2)
8 Government and public policy
138(11)
8.1 Delivery of information to citizens
138(4)
8.1.1 Government hyperlink networks
139(3)
8.2 Government authority
142(4)
8.2.1 Civil unrest
143(1)
8.2.2 Internet censorship
144(2)
8.3 Public policy modelling
146(1)
8.3.1 The mapping principle
146(1)
8.3.2 The macroeconomics of a virtual world
147(1)
8.4 Conclusion
147(2)
9 Production and collaboration
149(14)
9.1 Peer production and information public goods
149(7)
9.1.1 Peer production
150(2)
9.1.2 Information public goods
152(4)
9.2 Scholarly activity and communication
156(3)
9.2.1 Webometric measures of scholarly output and impact
156(2)
9.2.2 Reconfiguring access to scholarly information and expertise
158(1)
9.3 Network structure and achievement
159(3)
9.3.1 Identifying a `network effect' in outcomes
159(1)
9.3.2 Structural holes in Second Life
160(2)
9.4 Conclusion
162(1)
10 Commerce and marketing
163(12)
10.1 Distribution of product sales
163(5)
10.1.1 Power laws and superstars
164(2)
10.1.2 Evidence for the Long Tail
166(2)
10.2 Influence in markets
168(5)
10.2.1 Referrals from friends
169(2)
10.2.2 Ratings systems
171(2)
10.2.3 Recommender systems
173(1)
10.3 Conclusion
173(2)
References 175(16)
Index 191
Assoc. Prof. Robert Ackland has a joint appointment in the School of Sociology and the Australian Centre for Applied Social Research Methods (AusCen) at the Australian National University (ANU). He was awarded his PhD in economics from the ANU in 2001, and he has been researching online social and organisational networks since 2002. He leads the Virtual Observatory for the Study of Online Networks Lab (http://voson.anu.edu.au) which was established in 2005 and is advancing the social science of the Internet by conducting research, developing research tools, and providing research training. Robert established the Social Science of the Internet specialisation in the ANUs Master of Social Research in 2008, and his book Web Social Science: Concepts, Data and Tools for Social Scientists in the Digital Age (SAGE) was published in July 2013. He created the VOSON software for hyperlink network construction and analysis, which has been publicly available since 2006 and is used by researchers worldwide.