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E-raamat: White Dwarf Atmospheres and Circumstellar Environments

Edited by (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Sep-2012
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527636587
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Sep-2012
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527636587
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Written by selected astronomers at the forefront of their fields, this timely and novel book compiles the latest results from research on white dwarf stars, complementing existing literature by focusing on fascinating new developments in our understanding of the atmospheric and circumstellar environments of these stellar remnants. Complete with a thorough refresher on the observational characteristics and physical basis for white dwarf classification, this is a must-have resource for researchers interested in the late stages of stellar evolution, circumstellar dust and nebulae, and the future of our own Solar System.
Preface xi
List of Contributors
xv
1 Hot White Dwarfs
1(24)
Edward M. Sion
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Remarks on the Spectroscopic Classification of Hot White Dwarfs
2(4)
1.3 The Hot DA Stars
6(5)
1.3.1 DAO White Dwarfs
9(2)
1.4 The PG1159 Stars
11(3)
1.5 DO White Dwarfs
14(3)
1.6 DB White Dwarfs
17(2)
1.6.1 DBA White Dwarfs
18(1)
1.7 Hot DQ White Dwarfs
19(1)
1.8 Conclusion
20(1)
References
21(4)
2 Cool White Dwarfs
25(28)
Mukremin Kilic
2.1 White Dwarf Cosmochronology
25(4)
2.2 Cool White Dwarf Atmospheres
29(5)
2.2.1 Collision Induced Absorption
29(2)
2.2.2 The Missing Opacity Source in the Blue: Lyman-a Absorption
31(1)
2.2.3 Model Atmospheres Versus Observations
32(2)
2.3 Identification of Large Samples of Cool White Dwarfs
34(3)
2.3.1 Photometric Selection
34(1)
2.3.2 Proper Motion Selection
35(2)
2.4 Observational Properties of Cool White Dwarfs
37(5)
2.4.1 Color-Color Diagrams
37(1)
2.4.2 Pure Hydrogen and Pure Helium Atmosphere White Dwarfs
38(2)
2.4.3 Mixed H/He Atmosphere White Dwarfs
40(1)
2.4.4 Ultracool (or Infrared-Faint) White Dwarfs
41(1)
2.5 Spectral Evolution of Cool White Dwarfs
42(2)
2.6 Ages for Individual White Dwarfs
44(2)
2.7 The White Dwarf Luminosity Function
46(2)
2.8 Halo White Dwarfs
48(2)
2.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects
50(1)
References
51(2)
3 Stars with Unusual Compositions: Carbon and Oxygen in Cool White Dwarfs
53(36)
Patrick Dufour
3.1 Introduction
53(1)
3.2 DQ White Dwarfs
54(18)
3.2.1 Historical Introduction and General Properties
54(5)
3.2.2 Formation Mechanism
59(2)
3.2.3 Relation Between Carbon Abundance and Temperature: An Overview
61(3)
3.2.4 DQ White Dwarfs with Oxygen
64(1)
3.2.5 The Peculiar ("C2H"?) DQ White Dwarfs
65(7)
3.3 Carbon and Oxygen in DBQ White Dwarfs
70(2)
3.4 Hot DQ White Dwarfs
72(12)
3.4.1 Historical Introduction and General Properties
72(4)
3.4.2 Magnetism
76(2)
3.4.3 Oxygen
78(1)
3.4.4 Pulsations
78(3)
3.4.5 Formation and Origin
81(2)
3.4.6 Concluding Remarks on the Hot DQ Stars
83(1)
3.5 Conclusion
84(3)
References
87(2)
4 Planets Orbiting White Dwarfs
89(28)
Rosanne Di Stefano
4.1 Introduction
89(3)
4.2 Expectations
92(2)
4.3 Detecting Radiation from the Planets
94(3)
4.4 Evidence for Minor Planets
97(5)
4.4.1 Survivability
97(3)
4.4.2 Metal Enrichment and Disks
100(2)
4.4.3 Transits of Asteroids
102(1)
4.5 Timing
102(3)
4.6 Mesolensing
105(6)
4.6.1 Gravitational Lensing Basics
105(2)
4.6.2 Nearby Lenses
107(1)
4.6.3 Planet Detection via Lensing
108(1)
4.6.4 Identifying White Dwarfs in the Lens System
109(2)
4.7 Transits
111(1)
4.7.1 Basics
111(1)
4.7.2 SuperWASP
111(1)
4.7.3 Wide-Field Monitoring
112(1)
4.8 Prospects for the Future
112(1)
References
113(4)
5 White Dwarf Circumstellar Disks: Observations
117(56)
Jay Farihi
5.1 Introduction
117(1)
5.2 History and Background
118(6)
5.2.1 Early Searches
118(1)
5.2.2 The Discovery of Infrared Excess from G29-38
118(2)
5.2.3 The Polluted Nature of Metal-Rich White Dwarfs
120(2)
5.2.4 Interstellar or Circumstellar Matter
122(1)
5.2.5 G29-38 and the Asteroid Accretion Model
123(1)
5.3 Pre-Spitzer and Ground-Based Observations
124(5)
5.3.1 Photometric Searches for Near-Infrared Excess
124(1)
5.3.2 Metal-Polluted White Dwarf Discoveries
125(1)
5.3.3 The Spectacular Case of GD 362
126(1)
5.3.4 Spectroscopic Searches for Near-Infrared Excess
127(2)
5.3.5 Spectroscopy at Longer Wavelengths
129(1)
5.4 The Initial Impact of Spitzer
129(9)
5.4.1 Infrared Capabilities of Spitzer
129(1)
5.4.2 First Results
130(4)
5.4.3 The First Spitzer Surveys of White Dwarfs
134(4)
5.5 The Next Wave of Disk Discoveries
138(9)
5.5.1 The Second Class of Polluted White Dwarfs
138(1)
5.5.2 A Highly Successful Spitzer Search
139(2)
5.5.3 The Detection of Gaseous Debris in a Disk
141(1)
5.5.4 Dust Deficiency of DAZ Stars - Collisions?
142(1)
5.5.5 Expanding Searches to the DBZ Stars
143(2)
5.5.6 Additional Disks with Gaseous (and Solid) Debris
145(2)
5.6 Studies and Statistics
147(17)
5.6.1 Spectroscopic Confirmation of Rocky Circumstellar Debris
147(4)
5.6.2 First Statistics and the Emerging Picture
151(2)
5.6.3 Dust-Deficiency in DAZ Stars - Narrow Rings?
153(5)
5.6.4 The Composition and Masses of Asteroids around GD 362 and GD40
158(3)
5.6.5 Evidence for Water in Debris Orbiting White Dwarfs
161(1)
5.6.6 A Last Look at the Interstellar Accretion Hypothesis
162(2)
5.7 Related Objects
164(2)
5.7.1 White Dwarfs Polluted by Companions?
164(1)
5.7.2 Dust in the Helix?
165(1)
5.8 Outlook for the Present and Near Future
166(2)
References
168(5)
6 The Origin and Evolution of White Dwarf Dust Disks
173(30)
John H. Debes
6.1 Introduction
173(1)
6.2 Orders of Magnitude around a White Dwarf
174(4)
6.3 Structure and Evolution of a White Dwarf Dust Disk
178(7)
6.3.1 Optically Thin Dust Disks?
182(1)
6.3.2 Subsequent Evolution of the Dust Disk
182(3)
6.4 Origins of White Dwarf Dust Disks
185(13)
6.4.1 The Unstable Planetary Perturbation Model
185(5)
6.4.2 Dust and Accretion, or Just Accretion?
190(2)
6.4.3 The Mean Motion Perturbation Model
192(4)
6.4.4 Observability of Ring Progenitors
196(2)
6.5 Conclusion
198(2)
References
200(3)
7 Planetary Nebulae around White Dwarfs: Revelations from the Infrared
203(14)
You-Hua Chu
7.1 Introduction: Expectations of Nebulae around White Dwarfs
203(1)
7.2 Planetary Nebulae around White Dwarfs
204(4)
7.3 High-Excitation Nebulae around Hot White Dwarfs
208(1)
7.4 Mid-Infrared Emission from Circumstellar Nebulae of White Dwarfs
209(3)
7.5 Conclusion
212(3)
References
215(2)
Index 217(6)
Object Index 223
D. W. Hoard, after earning his Ph.D. at the University of Washington, worked at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, the southern hemisphere branch of the United States? National Optical Astronomy Observatory. In 2002, he joined NASA?s Spitzer Science Center, part of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) at the California Institute of Technology. He is an IPAC Research Scientist and, among other activities, a member of the Spitzer Space Telescope Science User Support Team. His research focuses on white dwarfs and their environments. He has published more than 80 reviewed papers in refereed journals.