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E-raamat: Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation: Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes

Volume editor , Series edited by (Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, USA), Volume editor (U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School), Volume editor (U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD USA)
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Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation covers one of the most endangered birds in North America and the research and conservation activity being conducted. It summarizes current biological information on Whooping Cranes and provides the basis for future research. The book concentrates on work completed in the past 20 years on population biology, behavior and social structure, habitat use, disease and health, captive breeding, and Whooping Crane conservation. Information presented comes from the study and management of remnant and reintroduced populations of Whooping Cranes in the field, from experimentation and breeding of captive Whooping Cranes, reintroducing the species to the wild, and challenges.

The book seeks to inform and galvanize action dedicated to meeting the challenges faced by Whooping Crane managers and conservationists. Thus, it describes one model of endangered species conservation and restoration that will interest a wide audience.

  • Presents a comprehensive treatment of the biology and ecology of Whooping Cranes, including biology of both remnant and reintroduced populations of Whooping Cranes
  • Describes efforts over the past 45 years on conservation and the challenges of reintroducing an endangered species
  • Includes chapters from a variety of disciplinary and scale perspectives, ranging from evolution, to population ecology, behavior, habitat use, large landscape conservation, conflict, and conservation efforts
  • Features contributions that are readable, yet technically complete and fully referenced
  • Provides an example of partnership and collegial action that integrates information produced by scientific research and operational wildlife management
  • Edited and written by the leading Whooping Crane scholars and practitioners focused on this high-profile species of conservation concern
Dedication v
List of Contributors
xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Section A WHOOPING CRANES PAST AND PRESENT
1 Whooping Cranes Past and Present
John B. French Jr.
Sarah J. Converse
Jane E. Austin
Introduction
3(1)
Two eras of Whooping Crane Conservation
4(8)
Looking Ahead, and the Contents of this Volume
12(2)
References
14(3)
2 Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Cranes and the Evolutionary Origin of the Whooping Crane
Carey Krajewski
Introduction
17(1)
Crane Classification Prior to Phylogenetic Studies
17(1)
Phylogenetic Systematics of Gruidae: Identifying the Closest Living Relatives of Cranes
18(1)
Phylogenetic Relationships among Cranes
19(2)
Phylogenetic Position of the Whooping Crane
21(1)
Summary and Outlook
22(1)
References
23(2)
3 Revisiting the Historic Distribution and Habitats of the Whooping Crane
Jane E. Austin
Matthew A. Hayes
Jeb A. Barzen
Introduction
25(1)
Methods
26(1)
Results
27(10)
Discussion
37(6)
Summary and Outlook
43(2)
References
45(46)
Section B POPULATION AND BREEDING BIOLOGY
4 Population and Breeding Range Dynamics in the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Crane Population
Scott Wilson
Mark T. Bidwell
Introduction
91(3)
Using Integrated Population Models to Assess Whooping Crane Population Dynamics
94(4)
Assessment of Breeding Range Dynamics
98(1)
Population and Breeding Range Dynamics of Whooping Cranes in the AWBP
99(9)
Summary and Outlook
108(2)
References
110(3)
5 Monitoring Recruitment and Abundance of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population of Whooping Cranes: 1950--2015
Bradley N. Strobel
Matthew J. Butler
Introduction
113(1)
Objectives: Form Follows Function
114(2)
Survey Area
116(1)
Data Collection/Survey Timing
117(2)
Data Analysis and Interpretation
119(3)
Summary and Outlook
122(1)
References
123(2)
6 Mortality in Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Cranes: Timing, Location, and Causes
Aaron T. Pearse
David A. Brandt
Barry K. Hartup
Mark T. Bidwell
Introduction
125(1)
Methods
126(3)
Results
129(3)
Discussion
132(3)
Summary and Outlook
135(1)
References
136(3)
7 Population Dynamics of Reintroduced Whooping Cranes
Sarah J. Converse
Sabrina Servanty
Clinton T. Moore
Michael C. Runge
Introduction
139(2)
The Florida Nonmigratory Population
141(7)
The Eastern Migratory Population
148(8)
Summary and Outlook
156(3)
References
159(2)
8 Reproductive Failure in the Eastern Migratory Population: The Interaction of Research and Management
Sarah J. Converse
Bradley N. Strobel
Jeb A. Barzen
Introduction
161(1)
Value of Information Workshop: 2009
164(1)
Studying Black Fly Effects on Nest Success: 2009-13
165(1)
Identifying an Optimal Reintroduction Strategy: 2012-13
166(1)
Value of Information Workshop: 2015
167(7)
Summary and Outlook
174(1)
References
175(4)
9 Florida's Nonmigratory Whooping Cranes
Tim A. Dellinger
Introduction
179(2)
Survival
181(3)
Reproduction
184(7)
Summary and Outlook
191(2)
References
193(4)
Section C BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE
10 Pairing Dynamics of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes
Richard P. Urbanek
Eva K. Szyszkoski
Sara E. Zimorski
Lara E.A. Fondow
Introduction
197(3)
Methods
200(3)
Results
203(6)
Discussion
209(4)
Summary and Outlook
213(1)
References
214(3)
11 Movement Ecology of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes
Claire S. Teitelbaum
Sarah J. Converse
William F. Fagan
Thomas Mueller
Introduction
217(3)
Methods
220(1)
EMP Whooping Crane Movements and Migration
221(12)
Social Learning of Migratory Performance in Whooping Cranes
233(1)
Summary and Outlook
234(2)
References
236(3)
12 Ecological Energetics of Whooping Cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population
Megan J. Fitzpatrick
Paul D. Mathewson
Warren P. Porter
Introduction
239(1)
Review: Ecological Energetics of Whooping Cranes
239(6)
Energetics of Whooping Cranes on the Wintering Grounds
245(10)
Summary and Outlook
255(2)
References
257(12)
Section D HABITAT USE
13 Winter Habitat Ecology, Use, and Availability for the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population of Whooping Cranes
Elizabeth H. Smith
Felipe Chavez-Ramirez
Luz Lumb
Introduction
269(1)
Interrelations of Geography, Climate, and Hydrology of Texas Estuaries
270(2)
Coastal Environments in the AWBP Winter Range
272(1)
Evaluating Wintering Habitat Use by AWBP Whooping Cranes
273(2)
Time-Activity Allocations of Wintering AWBP Whooping Cranes
275(1)
Diet of Wintering AWBP Whooping Cranes
275(4)
Spatial Habitat Requirements of Wintering AWBP Whooping Cranes
279(3)
Anthropogenic Factors Affecting Habitat Availability in the AWBP Wintering Range
282(4)
Climate Change Factors Affecting AWBP Recovery
286(13)
Summary and Outlook
299(2)
References
301(6)
14 Habitat Use by the Reintroduced Eastern Migratory Population of Whooping Cranes
Jeb A. Barzen
Anne E. Lacy
Hillary L. Thompson
Andrew P. Gossens
Introduction
307(2)
Methods
309(3)
Results
312(2)
Discussion
314(8)
Summary and Outlook
322(1)
References
323(4)
15 Ecological Implications of Habitat Use by Reintroduced and Remnant Whooping Crane Populations
Jeb A. Barzen
Introduction
327(2)
Notes on Methods
329(1)
Results and Discussion
330(17)
Summary and Outlook
347(1)
References
348(7)
Section E CAPTIVE BREEDING AND WHOOPING CRANE HEALTH
16 Advances in Conservation Breeding and Management of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana)
Sandra R. Black
Kelly D. Swan
Introduction
355(1)
Genetic Management
356(4)
Production of Birds for Release
360(2)
Husbandry
362(3)
The Specter of Captive Selection
365(1)
Conservation Contributions of Captive Breeding
366(1)
Summary and Outlook
367(1)
References
367(6)
17 Reproduction and Reproductive Strategies Relevant to Management of Whooping Cranes Ex Situ
Nucharin Songsasen
Sarah J. Converse
Megan Brown
Introduction
373(1)
Whooping Crane Reproductive Biology
374(4)
Factors Influencing Reproductive Performance
378(2)
Management Strategies and Technologies for Enhancing Reproductive Performance
380(4)
Summary and Outlook
384(1)
References
385(4)
18 Health of Whooping Cranes in the Central Flyway
Barry K. Hartup
Introduction
389(1)
Field Methods
390(1)
Results and Discussion
391(9)
Summary and Outlook
400(2)
References
402(3)
19 Health and Disease Treatment in Captive and Reintroduced Whooping Cranes
Glenn H. Olsen
Barry K. Hartur
Sandra R. Black
Introduction
405(3)
Capture, Sedation, and Anesthesia
408(1)
Surgery
409(1)
Orthopedic Treatments
410(2)
Infectious Diseases
412(12)
Challenges Presented by Crane Anatomy and Physiology
424(1)
Summary and Outlook
424(1)
References
425(8)
Section F REINTRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION
20 Rearing and Release Methods for Reintroduction of Captive-Reared Whooping Cranes
Barry K. Hartup
Introduction
433(1)
Parent-Rearing and Releases
434(1)
Hand-Rearing and Releases
435(1)
Special Application: Guided Migration
436(1)
Case Study -- Florida Nonmigratory Releases
437(1)
Case Study -- Eastern Migratory Releases
438(3)
Case Study -- Louisiana Nonmigratory Releases
441(2)
Summary and Outlook
443(2)
References
445(4)
21 The Operation of an Aircraft-Led Migration: Goals, Successes, Challenges 2001 to 2015
Joseph W. Duff
Introduction
449(1)
Training Methods and Housing Facilities
450(5)
Migration
455(7)
Overwintering
462(1)
Outcomes and Discussion
463(3)
Summary and Outlook
466(1)
References
467(2)
22 Louisiana Nonmigratory Whooping Crane Reintroduction
Sammy L. King
Will Selman
Phillip L. Vasseur
Sara E. Zimorski
Introduction
469(1)
History of Whooping Cranes in Louisiana
469(3)
Historic and Current Habitat Conditions
472(6)
Whooping Crane Reintroduction Status and Challenges
478(3)
Summary and Outlook
481(1)
References
482(3)
23 Whooping Crane Shootings Since 1967
Elisabeth Condon
William B. Brooks
Julie Langenberg
Davin Lopez
Introduction
485(1)
Whooping Cranes Killed Before the 1966 Endangered Species Preservation Act
486(1)
Whooping Crane Shootings Since 1967
487(11)
Efforts to Reduce Whooping Crane Shootings
498(2)
Summary and Outlook
500(2)
References
502(3)
24 Future of Whooping Crane Conservation and Science
505(1)
Sarah J. Converse
John B. French Jr.
Jane E. Austin
Introduction
505(1)
The Remnant Population
506(3)
Reintroduced Populations
509(2)
Captive Population
511(1)
Whooping Cranes Across the Wild-Captive Spectrum
512(2)
References
514(3)
Index 517
Philip Nyhus is the Director of the Environmental Studies Program at Colby College in Maine, Maine, US. His interdisciplinary research bridges the natural and social sciences to address human interactions with the environment, including endangered species conservation and recovery, human-wildlife conflict, large landscape conservation, and spatial modelling. He is co-editor of Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris (2010). John is the Center Director of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, and oversees research on a wide variety of topics including Wildlife Toxicology, Coastal Ecology, Population modeling and Decision Science, and a variety of monitoring programs including the N. American Bird Banding Lab and the Breeding Bird Survey. Patuxent also has responsibility for the North American vertebrate collections at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. John sits on the US-Canada Whooping Crane Recovery Team, and has been involved in whooping crane conservation for many years. Johns scientific training was in vertebrate ecology and physiology at the University of Wisconsin, and was hired initially at Patuxent to undertake research on wildlife toxicology. Sarah J. Converse is a Research Ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, the Unit Leader of the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and an Associate Professor in the School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) & the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS) at the University of Washington, Seattle. Prior to taking this position in early 2017, Sarah spent 10 years as a Research Ecologist at the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, where among other research projects, she was deeply involved in research on the population ecology and conservation of reintroduced Whooping Cranes. Sarahs research program is built around two themes quantitative population ecology of endangered species and decision analysis applications in endangered species management. Dr. Jane Austin is a Research Wildlife Biologist with the U.S. Geological Surveys Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Her research and writing have focused on the ecology and management of cranes, waterfowl, and other waterbirds in the northern U.S. Her interest in cranes developed during a study of the crane breeding ecology and population management of greater Sandhill Cranes in southeast Idaho. She became actively involved in the North American Crane Working Group, which led to work with the International Crane Foundation on international crane conservation issue. Jane served on the external review team for the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership and has been involved with other projects focusing on ecology, habitat use, and management of North Americas cranes.