Wildland fires are among the most complicated environmental phenomena to model. Fire behavior models are commonly used to predict the direction and rate of spread of wildland fires based on fire history, fuel, and environmental conditions; however, more sophisticated computational fluid dynamic models are now being developed. This quantitative analysis of fire as a fluid dynamic phenomenon embedded in a highly turbulent flow is beginning to reveal the combined interactions of the vegetative structure, combustion-driven convective effects, and atmospheric boundary layer processes. This book provides an overview of the developments in modeling wildland fire dynamics and the key dynamical processes involved. Mathematical and dynamical principles are presented, and the complex phenomena that arise in wildland fire are discussed. Providing a state-of-the-art survey, it is a useful reference for scientists, researchers, and graduate students interested in wildland fire behavior from a broad range of fields.
An overview of recent advances in the quantitative modeling of wildland fire based on fluid dynamics, including a discussion of the mathematical and dynamical principles. Providing a state-of-the-art survey, it is a useful reference for scientists, researchers, and graduate students interested in fire behavior from a range of fields.
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An overview of recent advances in the quantitative modeling of wildland fire based on fluid dynamics.
1. Wildland fire combustion dynamics: the intersection of combustion
chemistry and fluid dynamics Andrew L. Sullivan; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2
Combustion chemistry; 1.3 Combustion processes and environmental
interactions; 1.4 Physical evidence of environmental interactions with
combustion processes; 1.5 Concluding remarks; References;
2. The structure of
line fires at flame scale Salman Verma, Mohamed Ahmed and Arnaud Trouvé; 2.1
Introduction; 2.2 The dynamics of line fires; 2.3 Integral model; 2.4 Large
Eddy simulations; 2.5 Conclusion; References;
3. Energy transport and
measurements in wildland and prescribed fires Bret W. Butler and Joseph J.
O'Brien; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Heat transfer; 3.3 Heating rates in flames;
3.4 Fire models; 3.5 Ignition; 3.6 Flames; 3.7 Impacts of heat and mass
transfer on flames; 3.8 Conclusion; References;
4. Fire line geometry and
pyroconvective dynamics Jason J. Sharples, James E. Hilton, Rachel L. Badlan,
Christopher M. Thomas and Richard H. D. McRae; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2
Pyroconvective effects on fire propagation; 4.3 Extreme wildfire development;
4.4 Modeling pyroconvective interactions; 4.5 Discussion and conclusions;
References;
5. Firebrands Ali Tohidi and Nigel Berkeley Kaye; 5.1
Introduction; 5.2 Firebrand generation; 5.3 Transport modeling; 5.4 Ignition
of spot fires; References;
6. Re-envisioning fire and vegetation feedbacks
Eric Rowell, Susan Prichard, J. Morgan Varner and Timothy M. Shearman; 6.1
Introduction; 6.2 Fuels re-envisioned: the ecology of fuels and fire
environments; 6.3 Two-way feedbacks between fire and vegetation; 6.4 Unified
model of plant and fire feedbacks; 6.5 Future directions and applications;
References;
7. Wind and canopies François Pimont, Jean-Luc Dupuy and Rodman
Linn; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Wind flows in the lower part of the atmosphere;
7.3 Wind flows in homogeneous canopies; 7.4 Heterogeneous canopies; 7.5
Modeling the interaction between wind flow and plant canopies; 7.6 Measuring
wind in fire experiments; 7.7 Conclusion; References;
8. Coupled
fire-atmosphere model evaluation and challenges Janice Coen, Miguel Cruz,
Daniel Rosales-Giron and Kevin Speer; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Fire front spread
rate expectations and uncertainties from models and data; 8.3 Fuel
considerations in models and validation; 8.4 Hindcasting case studies and
challenges; 8.5 Discussion and conclusion; References; Index; Colour plates
section to be found between pp. 128 and 129.
Kevin Speer is a professor and Director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute at Florida State University, with experience in field and laboratory measurements of turbulent geophysical flows. He recently developed a new program in Fire Dynamics at Florida State University which combines the fields and faculty of numerous departments, including Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics; Scientific Computing; Statistics; Physics; and Engineering. Scott Goodrick is a research meteorologist with the US Forest Service Southern Research Station and serves as Director of the Station's Center for Forest Health and Disturbance in Athens, GA. He has been working as a research scientist with the Forest Service, specializing in fireatmosphere interactions and smoke management, for 18 years. Prior to joining the US Forest Service, Scott spent 4 years as the fire weather meteorologist for the state of Florida, helping to develop their Fire Management Information System.
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