1 Instruments and Instrumentation |
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1 | (58) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Instrument Architecture and Instrumentation |
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3 | (5) |
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1.2.1 Signals and Signal Conditioning |
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3 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Types of Instruments |
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6 | (2) |
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1.3 Digital Instrument Hardware and Software |
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8 | (13) |
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1.3.1 Components of Digital Instruments |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (5) |
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1.3.5 Digital Signal Processing |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4 Sensor Technology and Advanced Sensors |
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21 | (11) |
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21 | (3) |
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1.4.2 Process of Developing Sensors |
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24 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Trends in Sensor Technology and IC Sensors |
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25 | (3) |
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1.4.4 Sensor Arrays and Multisensor Systems |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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1.5 Instrument and Sensor Communication and Networks |
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32 | (6) |
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1.5.1 Wireless Instrument Communication |
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33 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Modulation and Coding of Instrument Signals |
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35 | (2) |
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1.5.3 Example of Wireless Communication Systems |
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37 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Examples of Wireless Sensors and Instruments |
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38 | (1) |
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1.6 Industrial Instrumentation Systems |
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38 | (13) |
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1.6.1 Industrial Communication Networks |
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40 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Basic Elements of Industrial Sensor Networking |
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41 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Industrial Network Protocols |
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42 | (1) |
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1.6.4 The Ethernet and Fieldbuses |
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43 | (1) |
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1.6.5 Implementation of Fieldbuses |
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44 | (2) |
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1.6.6 Design and Application Examples of Fieldbuses |
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46 | (2) |
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1.6.7 Telemetry and SCADA Systems |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (6) |
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1.7.1 Internal Noise in Electronic Systems |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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1.7.3 Noise and Distortion in Communication Systems |
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55 | (1) |
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1.7.4 Noise in Digital Systems |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
2 Wireless Communication |
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59 | (66) |
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2.1 Wireless Communication Principles |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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2.2 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation |
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61 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Power Aspects of Free-Space Propagating and Link Analysis |
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63 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Antenna Characteristics |
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64 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Near Field, Far Field, and Fading |
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64 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Electrical Field Vector Addition |
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65 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Free Space Path Loss |
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66 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Excess Path Loss and Atmospheric Attenuation |
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66 | (1) |
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2.2.7 Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves |
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66 | (1) |
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2.2.8 Atmospheric Refraction |
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67 | (1) |
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2.2.9 Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves |
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67 | (1) |
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2.2.10 Indoor Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves |
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68 | (1) |
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2.2.11 Frequency Allocation |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (21) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Frequency Multipliers |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Modulators and Detectors |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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2.3.11 Phase Detectors and Phase Shifters |
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85 | (1) |
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2.3.12 Power Dividers and Power Combiners |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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2.3.14 EMI and RFI Filters |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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2.4 Analog Modulation and Multiplexing |
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90 | (6) |
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2.4.1 Amplitude Modulation |
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91 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Frequency Modulation |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Frequency and Time Division Multiplexing |
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95 | (1) |
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2.5 Digital Modulation and Multiplexing |
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96 | (8) |
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2.5.1 Amplitude Shift Keying |
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97 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Frequency Shift Keying |
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97 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Phase Shift Modulation |
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98 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Binary Phase Shift Keying |
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98 | (1) |
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2.5.5 Differential Phase Shift Keying |
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99 | (1) |
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2.5.6 Quaternary Phase Shift Keying |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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2.5.9 Octonary Phase Shift Keying |
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104 | (1) |
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2.5.10 Digital Multiplexing |
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104 | (1) |
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2.6 Frequency Spreading and Multiple Access Techniques |
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104 | (19) |
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2.6.1 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum |
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106 | (4) |
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2.6.2 Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum |
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110 | (2) |
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2.6.3 Multiple Access Techniques |
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112 | (2) |
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2.6.4 Frequency Division Multiple Access |
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114 | (1) |
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2.6.5 Time Division Multiple Access |
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114 | (3) |
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2.6.6 Spread Spectrum Multiple Access |
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117 | (1) |
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2.6.7 Code Division Multiple Access |
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117 | (1) |
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2.6.8 Frequency Hopped Multiple Access |
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118 | (1) |
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2.6.9 Hybrid Spread Spectrum Techniques |
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119 | (1) |
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2.6.10 Space Division Multiple Access |
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120 | (1) |
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2.6.11 Carrier Sense Multiple Access |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
3 Data Transfer, Networks, Protocols, and Standards |
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125 | (54) |
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126 | (7) |
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3.1.1 Serial and Parallel Data Transmission |
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127 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission |
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127 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Data Transmission |
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130 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Wireless Data Transmission |
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131 | (1) |
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3.1.5 Radio Frequency Data Transmission |
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131 | (1) |
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3.1.6 Infrared Data Transmission |
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132 | (1) |
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3.1.7 Microwave Data Transmission |
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133 | (1) |
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3.2 Security in Data Flow |
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133 | (5) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (2) |
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3.3 Network Essentials and Topologies |
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138 | (8) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (2) |
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3.3.4 Internet and Intranet |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (7) |
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147 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Structure of the OSI Model |
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148 | (4) |
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3.4.3 IEEE 802 Network Model |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (10) |
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155 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Wireless Ethernet Concepts |
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156 | (1) |
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3.5.3 IEEE 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks |
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157 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Code Division Multiple Access-Based Standards |
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158 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Time Division Multiple Access-Based Standards |
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158 | (1) |
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3.5.6 GSM and GPRS Standards |
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159 | (1) |
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3.5.7 Other Wireless Network Standards |
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160 | (1) |
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3.5.8 IEEE 1451 Standards for Smart Sensor Interface |
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160 | (3) |
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3.6 Wireless Networks, PANs, LANs, and WLANs |
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163 | (13) |
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3.6.1 Recent Developments in Frequency Allocation |
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165 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Types of Wireless Networks |
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166 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Wireless Network Topologies |
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167 | (1) |
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3.6.4 Wireless Extended LAN Technologies |
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167 | (1) |
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3.6.5 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standards |
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167 | (2) |
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3.6.6 The HiperLAN Standard |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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3.6.8 Industrial Sensor Buses and Networks |
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172 | (4) |
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3.7 Network, Data, and Information Management |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
4 Wireless Instrument and Sensor Networks |
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179 | (56) |
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4.1 Wireless Sensor Architecture and Network Design |
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180 | (11) |
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4.1.1 Wireless Sensors and Transducers |
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181 | (7) |
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4.1.2 Architecture of Wireless Sensor Networks |
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188 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Effect of IEEE 1451 Standards on Sensor Networks |
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190 | (1) |
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4.2 Wireless Instrument Architecture and Network Design |
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191 | (15) |
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4.2.1 Essential Components of Wireless Instruments |
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194 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Wireless Bridges, Routers, Gateways, and Repeaters |
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196 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Wireless Data Loggers |
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198 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Power Considerations of Wireless Instruments |
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199 | (3) |
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4.2.5 Other Wireless Instrument Issues |
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202 | (4) |
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4.3 Wireless Sensor and Instrument Network Design |
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206 | (13) |
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4.3.1 Mobile Wireless Instrument and Sensor Networks |
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208 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Energy Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks |
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211 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Bluetooth Sensor Networks |
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212 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Applications of Bluetooth Networks |
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215 | (2) |
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4.3.5 IEEE 802 Sensor and Instrument Networks |
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217 | (2) |
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4.4 Wireless Integrated Network Sensors |
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219 | (6) |
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4.4.1 Power Requirements in WINS |
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222 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Application of WINS |
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224 | (1) |
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4.5 Plug-and-Play Sensors and Networks |
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225 | (3) |
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4.5.1 Bluetooth and Plug-and-Play Sensor Networks |
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227 | (1) |
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4.6 Industrial Wireless Networks and Automation |
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228 | (5) |
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4.6.1 Wireless Fieldbuses |
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229 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Wireless Industrial Mesh Networks |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (2) |
5 Wireless Sensor and Instrument Applications |
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235 | (50) |
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5.1 Application-Specific Wireless Sensors and Instruments |
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235 | (10) |
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5.1.1 Application-Specific Wireless Sensors and Networks |
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237 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Application-Specific Embedded Wireless Instruments and Networks |
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238 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Application-Specific Modular and Add-On Wireless Instruments and Networks |
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241 | (4) |
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5.2 Commercial Wireless Sensors and Instruments |
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245 | (3) |
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5.3 Wireless Instruments and Sensor Networks in Research and Development |
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248 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Hardware and Software Issues at the Operational and Physical Level |
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248 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Efficiency at the Physical and Network Level |
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251 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Issues on Communication Protocols and Network Management |
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253 | (2) |
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5.4 Industrial Wireless Sensor and Instrument Networks |
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255 | (11) |
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5.4.1 Integration of Wireless Systems to Fieldbuses |
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258 | (6) |
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5.4.2 Wireless Built-in Tests and Condition—Based Maintenance |
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264 | (2) |
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5.5 Wireless Human Health Monitoring and Environmental Applications |
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266 | (8) |
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5.5.1 Wireless Human Health Systems |
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267 | (3) |
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5.5.2 Wireless Environmental and Habitat Monitoring Systems |
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270 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Environmental Observation and Forecasting Systems |
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272 | (2) |
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5.6 Radio Frequency Identification |
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274 | (4) |
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5.7 Consumer Products and Other Applications |
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278 | (5) |
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5.7.1 Wireless Consumer Products |
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278 | (2) |
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5.7.2 Other Wireless Applications |
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280 | (3) |
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283 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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285 | (8) |
Index |
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293 | |
0520246640 |
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Foreword by Daniel M. Fox and Samuel L. Milbank |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
INTRODUCTION: AN IMPERATIVE? |
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1 | (258) |
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1. THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF THE RESEARCH IMPERATIVE |
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11 | (25) |
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2. PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF SCIENCE |
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36 | (21) |
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3. IS RESEARCH A MORAL OBLIGATION? |
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57 | (28) |
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4. CURING THE SICK, HELPING THE SUFFERING, ENHANCING THE WELL |
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85 | (29) |
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5. ASSESSING RISKS AND BENEFITS |
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114 | (19) |
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6. USING HUMANS FOR RESEARCH |
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133 | (32) |
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7. PLURALISM, BALANCE, AND CONTROVERSY |
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165 | (36) |
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8. DOING GOOD AND DOING WELL |
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201 | (34) |
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9. ADVOCACY AND PRIORITIES FOR RESEARCH |
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235 | (24) |
10. RESEARCH AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST |
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259 | (18) |
Notes |
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277 | (32) |
Index |
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309 | |