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E-raamat: WLAN Positioning Systems: Principles and Applications in Location-Based Services

, (University of Toronto), (Ryerson Polytechnic University, Toronto)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139210379
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WLAN Positioning Systems: Principles and Applications in Location-Based ServicesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139210379
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"Describing the relevant detection and estimation theory, this detailed guide provides the background knowledge needed to tackle the design of practical WLAN positioning systems. It sets out key system-level challenges and design considerations in increasing positioning accuracy and reducing computational complexity, and it also examines design trade-offs and experimental results. Radio characteristics in real environments are discussed, as are the theoretical aspects of non-parametric statistical tools appropriate for modeling radio signals, statistical estimation techniques and the model-based stochastic estimators often used for positioning. A historical account of positioning systems in also included, giving graduate students, researchers and practitioners alike the perspective needed to understand the benefits and potential applications of WLAN positioning"--

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Describes the relevant detection and estimation theory, sets out key design challenges and examines practical design trade-offs and experimental results.
Preface xi
Part I History and applications
1 Positioning through the ages
3(9)
1.1 Origins of navigation
3(1)
1.2 The age of traditional navigation
4(2)
1.2.1 Navigation based on landmarks
4(1)
1.2.2 Celestial navigation
4(1)
1.2.3 The compass
5(1)
1.3 The age of exploration
6(4)
1.4 The age of modern navigation
10(1)
1.4.1 Radio-based systems
10(1)
1.4.2 Satellite-based systems
11(1)
1.5
Chapter summary
11(1)
2 Location-based services
12(18)
2.1 Market potential
12(7)
2.1.1 Industry analysis
13(5)
2.1.2 Assessment summary
18(1)
2.2 Applications of location-based services
19(9)
2.2.1 Navigation
20(2)
2.2.2 Emergency and security services
22(2)
2.2.3 Network management and security
24(1)
2.2.4 Information management
24(1)
2.2.5 Social networking and entertainment
25(1)
2.2.6 Marketing
25(3)
2.2.7 Context awareness
28(1)
2.3 Ethical considerations in location computing
28(1)
2.3.1 Consent
28(1)
2.3.2 Privacy
29(1)
2.4
Chapter summary
29(1)
3 Positioning techniques
30(12)
3.1 The location stack
30(2)
3.2 Proximity detection
32(1)
3.3 Lateration
33(3)
3.3.1 Circular lateration
33(1)
3.3.2 Hyperbolic lateration
34(2)
3.4 Angulation
36(1)
3.5 Fingerprinting
37(1)
3.6 Dead reckoning
38(1)
3.7 Computer vision
38(1)
3.8 Comparison of positioning techniques
39(1)
3.9
Chapter summary
40(2)
4 Positioning systems
42(13)
4.1 The Global Positioning System
42(3)
4.2 Cellular-based positioning systems
45(2)
4.3 Ultrasound and infrared systems
47(1)
4.4 Wireless local area network (WLAN) positioning
48(1)
4.5 Comparison of positioning systems
48(3)
4.5.1 Evaluation criteria
48(2)
4.5.2 Evaluation
50(1)
4.6
Chapter summary
51(4)
Part II Signal processing theory
5 Positioning in wireless local area networks
55(13)
5.1 Wireless local area networks
55(2)
5.2 Radio signal features in WLANs
57(1)
5.3 Characteristics of the example environment
57(2)
5.4 Properties of received signal strength
59(5)
5.4.1 Spatial properties
59(2)
5.4.2 Temporal properties
61(3)
5.5 Modeling the RSS-position relationship
64(2)
5.5.1 Parametric modeling
64(1)
5.5.2 Fingerprinting-based methods
65(1)
5.6 Technical challenges in RSS-based positioning
66(1)
5.7
Chapter summary
67(1)
6 Memoryless positioning
68(24)
6.1 The problem of statistical memoryless positioning
68(3)
6.1.1 Optimality criteria
69(2)
6.1.2 Statistical radio map model
71(1)
6.2 Density estimation
71(8)
6.2.1 The histogram
72(2)
6.2.2 Kernel density estimator
74(5)
6.2.3 Cautionary notes
79(1)
6.3 Memoryless position estimators
79(3)
6.3.1 Maximum likelihood estimation
79(1)
6.3.2 Minimum mean square error estimate
80(2)
6.4 Comments on the estimators
82(2)
6.4.1 Summary
82(1)
6.4.2 Complexity
82(1)
6.4.3 Practical considerations
83(1)
6.5 Experimental examples
84(7)
6.5.1 Proximity-based positioning
84(1)
6.5.2 Histogram-based positioning
84(3)
6.5.3 Kernel-density-estimate-based positioning
87(3)
6.5.4 Number of training points
90(1)
6.6
Chapter summary
91(1)
7 Model-based positioning
92(21)
7.1 Bayesian tracking problem
92(2)
7.2 Predictor-corrector structure
94(4)
7.2.1 Prediction
95(3)
7.2.2 Update (correction)
98(1)
7.3 Kalman filter
98(3)
7.3.1 Prediction
98(1)
7.3.2 Update (correction)
99(1)
7.3.3 Comments
100(1)
7.4 Modified Kalman filter
101(2)
7.4.1 Comments
103(1)
7.5 Non-parametric information filter
103(4)
7.5.1 Prediction
103(1)
7.5.2 Update
104(1)
7.5.3 Comments
105(2)
7.6 Particle filter
107(4)
7.6.1 Comments
110(1)
7.7 Experimental examples
111(1)
7.8
Chapter summary
112(1)
8 Sensor selection
113(14)
8.1 Motivation
113(1)
8.2 Access point selection
114(4)
8.2.1 Strongest access point
115(1)
8.2.2 Measure of diversity
115(2)
8.2.3 Measure of discrimination ability
117(1)
8.3 Anchor point selection
118(2)
8.3.1 RSS-based ROI
118(1)
8.3.2 Feedback-based ROI
118(2)
8.4 Experimental examples
120(5)
8.4.1 Size of ROI
120(1)
8.4.2 Access point selection
120(1)
8.4.3 The role of feedback
121(2)
8.4.4 Tracking examples
123(2)
8.5
Chapter summary
125(2)
9 System design considerations
127(9)
9.1 Design issues
127(1)
9.2 Functional units
128(1)
9.3 Sensing
129(1)
9.4 Computation
129(4)
9.4.1 Centralized architecture
130(2)
9.4.2 Hierarchical architecture
132(1)
9.4.3 Decentralized architecture
133(1)
9.5 Storage
133(2)
9.5.1 Access
134(1)
9.5.2 Security
134(1)
9.5.3 Maintainability
135(1)
9.6
Chapter summary
135(1)
10 The road ahead
136(5)
10.1 Highlights
136(1)
10.2 Directions for future research
137(4)
10.2.1 Automatic modeling tools
137(1)
10.2.2 Cooperative positioning
137(1)
10.2.3 Proactive systems
138(1)
10.2.4 Applications
138(1)
10.2.5 New challenges
138(3)
References 141(6)
Index 147
Azadeh Kushki is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital. She received her Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Toronto in 2008 and is a principal author of various articles on the topic of WLAN positioning in books, journals and conference proceedings. Konstantinos Plataniotis is a Professor with the ECE Department at the University of Toronto (where he directs the Multimedia Laboratory), an adjunct Professor with the School of Computer Science at Ryerson University, Director of the Knowledge Media Design Institute, and Research Director of the Identity, Privacy and Security Institute at the University of Toronto. He has contributed chapters to fifteen books, co-authored the book Color Image Processing and Applications (2000), co-edited Color Imaging: Methods and Applications (2006) and published more than 350 technical papers. Anastasios Venetsanopoulos is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario, and a Professor Emeritus with the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto. He has authored eight books, contributed chapters to thirty books and published over 830 technical papers. He is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the IEEE, the Canadian Academy of Engineering and the Royal Society of Canada.
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